1850s road to secession (newer)

By: Ms. Susan M. PojerAdditional content by Matt López & History Alive!

By: Ms. Susan M. PojerAdditional content by Matt López & History Alive!

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

Houghton Mifflin

Compromise of 1850

HarrietBeecherStowe

(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe

(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000

copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

Docs

Houghton Mifflin

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Would let people of Kansas and Nebraska decide whether to have slavery or not (popular sovereignty)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Republican Platform of 1856 This Convention of Delegates, assembled in

pursuance of a call addressed to the people of the United States, without regard to past political differences or divisions, who are opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise; to the policy of the present Administration; to the extension Slavery into Free Territory; in favor of the admission of Kansas as a Free State; of restoring the action of the Federal Government to the principles of Washington and Jefferson; and for the purpose of presenting candidates for the offices of President and Vice-President, do…

Documents 1-5

Review

Kansas-Nebraska Act…

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/nystrom/images/Antietam/fullsize/hf-john-brown.jpg

John Brown

Murders five pro-slavery settlers in Kansas

Flees to Canada

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American

(Know Nothing) / Whig

James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American

(Know Nothing) / Whig

Dred Scott

Sued his master saying he should be free

Causes?

Effects? Cotton prices remain stable Attempted Homestead Act Desire for higher tariff

Panic of 1857

http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/chs30367.html#about and http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/gal/chs30368.html

Lincoln & Douglas Debates 1858

•Running for senator from Illinois

•Mainly focused on slavery

Douglas’ Freeport Doctrine

Supreme Court ruling on slavery didn’t necessarily matter

Territorial legislatures could refuse to enact the type of police regulations necessary to make slavery work

Without a legal framework and enforcement officials, slavery would be excluded

Republican Party

Abraham Lincoln

•New party

•No more new slave states

“A house divided against itself can not stand”

“A house divided against itself can not stand”

 In my opinion, it will not cease until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction, or its advocates will push it forward till it shall become alike lawful in all the states, old as well as new, North as well as South

http://www.cs.cornell.edu/nystrom/images/Antietam/fullsize/hf-john-brown.jpg

John Brown

Led a raid on federal arsenal to steal guns to arms slaves

http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/playlists/exclusive-video#john-brown

18601860ElectionElection

18601860ElectionElection

Abraham LincolnRepublican

Abraham LincolnRepublican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform 1860Republican Party Platform 1860Non-extension of slavery (for Free-Soilers)

Protective tariff (for the N. Industrialists)

No abridgment of rights for immigrants (a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”)

Government aid to build a Pacific RR (for the Northwest)

Internal improvements at federal expense. (for the West)

Free homesteads for the public domain (for farmers)

Non-extension of slavery (for Free-Soilers)

Protective tariff (for the N. Industrialists)

No abridgment of rights for immigrants (a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”)

Government aid to build a Pacific RR (for the Northwest)

Internal improvements at federal expense. (for the West)

Free homesteads for the public domain (for farmers)

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861