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What was life like for soldiers What was life like for soldiers during the Civil War?during the Civil War?

Copy the following chart on Copy the following chart on PortfolioPortfolio p91Who FoughtWho Fought How They Were TrainedHow They Were Trained

What Hardships They FacedWhat Hardships They Faced How New Technology How New Technology Affected SoldiersAffected Soldiers

CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS

Section 2 – Life in the Army

CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS

Section 2 – Life in the Army

Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, their military training, and the hardships their military training, and the hardships of army life.of army life.

Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers, their military training, and the hardships their military training, and the hardships of army life.of army life.

What is hygiene?

HygieneHygiene refers to conditions and refers to conditions and practices that promote health.practices that promote health.

HygieneHygiene refers to conditions and refers to conditions and practices that promote health.practices that promote health.

What is drill?

What’s the difference between infantry and cavalry?

What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know

The Confederate The Confederate victoryvictory at the at the Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run thrilledthrilled the South. the South.The Confederate The Confederate victoryvictory at the at the Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull Run thrilledthrilled the South. the South.

What We Already Know

Lincoln sent the 90-day militias home and called for a real army of 500,000 volunteers

for three years.

What We Already Know

Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides, many fearing the war would be over before

they could join the fight.

Those Who Fought• 18-30-year-olds• About half on both sides

were farmers.• Many were immigrants,

especially from Germany and Ireland.

• African Americans saw the war as a way to end slavery.

• At first neither the North nor the South accepted blacks into their armies.

• Native Americans served on both sides.

Those Who FoughtThose Who Fought

• Why did Why did 2 million 2 million soldiers serve the soldiers serve the UnionUnion, and , and almost almost 1 million 1 million serve the serve the ConfederacyConfederacy??

• Adventure and gloryAdventure and glory• Escape from boredom Escape from boredom • Friends and neighbors were volunteering.Friends and neighbors were volunteering.• Recruitment moneyRecruitment money• Loyalty to their country or stateLoyalty to their country or state• For blacks, to end slaveryFor blacks, to end slavery

• Why did Why did 2 million 2 million soldiers serve the soldiers serve the UnionUnion, and , and almost almost 1 million 1 million serve the serve the ConfederacyConfederacy??

• Adventure and gloryAdventure and glory• Escape from boredom Escape from boredom • Friends and neighbors were volunteering.Friends and neighbors were volunteering.• Recruitment moneyRecruitment money• Loyalty to their country or stateLoyalty to their country or state• For blacks, to end slaveryFor blacks, to end slavery

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

13. What kind of men fought in the Civil War?

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

A. Most were 18-30 years old.

B. Many were immigrants.

C. Most were farmers.

D. Many were either slave owners or abolitionists.

E. Many were free blacks.

Choose all that are true!

Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War?

Choose the one that is NOT true!Choose the one that is NOT true!

Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War?

A. Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery.

B. Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.

C. Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom.

D. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause.

E. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides.

Choose the one that is NOT true!Choose the one that is NOT true!

Why did men enlist in the army during the Civil War?

A. Many African Americans wanted to fight in the war as a way to end slavery.

B. Many enlistees hated what the other side stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy soldiers as possible.

C. Some farmers and factory workers saw the war as an adventurous way to escape a life of boredom.

D. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or belief in its cause.

E. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money offered by both sides.

Choose the one that is NOT true!Choose the one that is NOT true!

Turning Civilians into SoldiersTurning Civilians into Soldiers

• Lived in tents and log hutsLived in tents and log huts• Heavily scheduled day of drill and dutiesHeavily scheduled day of drill and duties• Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.• Problems with uniformsProblems with uniforms• Food and supply problemsFood and supply problems

• Lived in tents and log hutsLived in tents and log huts• Heavily scheduled day of drill and dutiesHeavily scheduled day of drill and duties• Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.• Problems with uniformsProblems with uniforms• Food and supply problemsFood and supply problems

Hardships of Army LifeHardships of Army Life

Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured hungerhunger, , coldcold, , dirty living conditionsdirty living conditions, , constant constant

sicknesssickness, , poor medical treatmentpoor medical treatment, and bad hygiene., and bad hygiene.

Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured hungerhunger, , coldcold, , dirty living conditionsdirty living conditions, , constant constant

sicknesssickness, , poor medical treatmentpoor medical treatment, and bad hygiene., and bad hygiene.

Hardships of Army LifeHardships of Army LifeHardships of Army LifeHardships of Army Life

• Soldiers exposed to the weatherSoldiers exposed to the weather• Unsanitary campsUnsanitary camps• Weeks between baths and clean clothesWeeks between baths and clean clothes• Lice and fleas spread diseaseLice and fleas spread disease• Poor hygiene led to illnessPoor hygiene led to illness• Contaminated food and waterContaminated food and water• Poor medical carePoor medical care• More than twice as many soldiers died More than twice as many soldiers died

from disease than battle wounds.from disease than battle wounds.

• Soldiers exposed to the weatherSoldiers exposed to the weather• Unsanitary campsUnsanitary camps• Weeks between baths and clean clothesWeeks between baths and clean clothes• Lice and fleas spread diseaseLice and fleas spread disease• Poor hygiene led to illnessPoor hygiene led to illness• Contaminated food and waterContaminated food and water• Poor medical carePoor medical care• More than twice as many soldiers died More than twice as many soldiers died

from disease than battle wounds.from disease than battle wounds.

So, why?

Antibiotics and antiseptics did

not exist yet.

The problem was not a lack of knowledge about sterilization and cleanliness, it was the ability to stay sterile and have clean water for drinking, laundry, bandages, and sterilizing hands and instruments.

* Water, or the lack of clean water, was the MAIN culprit.

Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all

the following EXCEPT

Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all

the following EXCEPT

A.A. boredom and hunger.boredom and hunger.B.B. cold, dirty living conditions.cold, dirty living conditions.C.C. constant sickness.constant sickness.D.D. poor medical treatment.poor medical treatment.E.E. incompetent military leadership.incompetent military leadership.

A.A. boredom and hunger.boredom and hunger.B.B. cold, dirty living conditions.cold, dirty living conditions.C.C. constant sickness.constant sickness.D.D. poor medical treatment.poor medical treatment.E.E. incompetent military leadership.incompetent military leadership.

Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all

the following EXCEPT

Both Northern and Southern soldiers alike had to endure all

the following EXCEPT

A.A. boredom and hunger.boredom and hunger.B.B. cold, dirty living conditions.cold, dirty living conditions.C.C. constant sickness.constant sickness.D.D. poor medical treatment.poor medical treatment.E.E. incompetent military leadershipincompetent military leadership..

A.A. boredom and hunger.boredom and hunger.B.B. cold, dirty living conditions.cold, dirty living conditions.C.C. constant sickness.constant sickness.D.D. poor medical treatment.poor medical treatment.E.E. incompetent military leadershipincompetent military leadership..

What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

A. Suicide

B. The Minié ball

C. Snakebite

D. Disease

E. Ironclads

A. Suicide

B. The Minié ball

C. Snakebite

D. Disease

E. Ironclads

What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

What was the main cause of death in the Civil War?

A.A. SuicideSuicide

B.B. The Minié ballThe Minié ball

C.C. SnakebiteSnakebite

D.D. DiseaseDisease

E.E. IroncladsIronclads

A.A. SuicideSuicide

B.B. The Minié ballThe Minié ball

C.C. SnakebiteSnakebite

D.D. DiseaseDisease

E.E. IroncladsIronclads

15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War?15. Why was disease the main

cause of death in the Civil War?

A. poor diet

B. contaminated water and food

C. exposure to cold and rain

D. unsanitary conditions

E. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

A. poor diet

B. contaminated water and food

C. exposure to cold and rain

D. unsanitary conditions

E. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

Choose the one that is NOT true!Choose the one that is NOT true!

15. Why was disease the main cause of death in the Civil War?15. Why was disease the main

cause of death in the Civil War?

A. poor diet

B. contaminated water and food

C. exposure to cold and rain

D. unsanitary conditions

E. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

A. poor diet

B. contaminated water and food

C. exposure to cold and rain

D. unsanitary conditions

E. intentional exposure to germs by the enemy

Choose the one that is NOT true!Choose the one that is NOT true!

Changes in Military Technology

• Rifles

• Minié balls

• Ironclads

Changes in Military TechnologyChanges in Military TechnologyChanges in Military TechnologyChanges in Military Technology

A A riflerifle is a gun with a is a gun with a grooved grooved barrel barrel that causes a that causes a bullet to spin bullet to spin through the air, giving the bullet through the air, giving the bullet

more distance and accuracymore distance and accuracy..

A A riflerifle is a gun with a is a gun with a grooved grooved barrel barrel that causes a that causes a bullet to spin bullet to spin through the air, giving the bullet through the air, giving the bullet

more distance and accuracymore distance and accuracy..

Accuracy of the old style smoothbore muskets had an effective range of 75-100 yards…

The newer rifles had an effective range of 500+ yards.

75-100 Yards

Musket ROUND Ball – Musket ROUND Ball – accurate rangeaccurate range

400+ Yards

Rifle Musket MINIE Rifle Musket MINIE Ball – accurate rangeBall – accurate range

Changes in Military TechnologyChanges in Military Technology

Changes in Military Technology

A minié ball is a bullet with a hollow base,

which expands upon firing to fit the

grooves in the rifle barrel.

75% of soldiers who received an

amputation survived

WoundedWounded byby minie ballminie ball

Minie ball Minie ball bone damagebone damage

chloroform was standard issue for every doctor. The use of chloroform allowed for doctors to successfully amputate with the patient unconscious.

Changes in Military Technology• Tactics like cavalry

charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before.

• The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position.

• Tactics like cavalry charges and infantry assaults didn’t work as well as before.

• The increased range and accuracy of the rifle allowed defenders to shoot charging attackers before they could reach their position.

Changes in Military TechnologyChanges in Military Technology

An ironclad is a wooden warship An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron plates.covered with iron plates.

An ironclad is a wooden warship An ironclad is a wooden warship covered with iron plates.covered with iron plates.

CSA Iron Clad in battle with CSA Iron Clad in battle with USN ‘wooden’ frigateUSN ‘wooden’ frigate

USS Monitor and CSS Virginia

TurretTurret: 8 layers of 1 inch iron-plates all bolted ogether…9 feet tall

U.S.S.U.S.S. CairoCairo – Iron Clad Iron Clad River-boatRiver-boat

U.S.S.U.S.S. CairoCairo – Iron Clad Iron Clad River-boatRiver-boat

The first battle between ironclads took place on March 9, 1862.

The The CSS CSS VirginiaVirginia battledbattled the the USS MonitorUSS Monitor for for four hoursfour hours, before sailing away., before sailing away.

The The CSS CSS VirginiaVirginia battledbattled the the USS MonitorUSS Monitor for for four hoursfour hours, before sailing away., before sailing away.

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

16. What new technology was introduced during the Civil War?

Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

A. the minié ball

B. ironclad ships

C. land mines

D. poison gas

E. rifles

F. explosive rockets

How did use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War?

A. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.

B. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.

C. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.

D. They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.

A. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.

B. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.

C. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.

D. They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.

How did use of the rifle and minié ball change combat tactics in the Civil War?

A. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.

B. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.

C. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.

D. They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.

A. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have more bullets, causing higher enemy casualties.

B. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier the firepower of five men fighting in earlier wars.

C. Their greater range and accuracy turned cavalry charges and traditional assaults into slaughter.

D. They struck their targets with greater destructive force and made stronger defensive fortifications necessary.