16.2 japan’s pacific campaign
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Ms. BielefeldSpring 2012
16.2 Japan’s Pacific Campaign
Japan plans to attack European colonies in Southeast Asia
Americans cracked their codes & sent aid to Chinese resistance (fighting Japanese since 1931)
July 1941—Roosevelt cuts off oil to Japan
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto called for an attack on the U.S. fleet in Hawaii
The Road to Pearl Harbor
Japanese launched a surprise attack on U.S. naval fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Severely damaged naval fleet (19 ships) in 2 hours
Over 2,300 Americans killed & over 1,100 wounded
December 8—Roosevelt addressed Congress & declared war on Japan
“A date which will live in infamy.” -FDR
Pearl Harbor—December 7, 1941
Same time as Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack Hong Kong (Britain), Guam (U.S.), and Wake Island (U.S.)
Japanese attack the Philippines & they fall in 1942
Japan captures Hong Kong, Singapore, & Dutch East Indies
Japanese treated captured people brutally
Japanese Victories
70,000 Allied prisoners marched 50 miles up the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines
Many were beaten & killed
54,000 survived the march
Bataan Death March
April 1942—Doolittle Raids—U.S. planes bombed Tokyo (lifted American spirits)
Battle of Coral Sea—1st naval battle carried out completely by aircraftNew kind of fighting introduced—done by
airplanesPrevent Japanese attack of Australia
Allies Strike Back
Thanks to code breakers, Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander in chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, knew the Japanese were heading for Midway Island
U.S. destroyed Japan’s naval fleet & Japan retreated
Midway was a key American airfield
Turned the tide of the war in the Pacific
Battle of Midway—June 4-7, 1942
General Douglas MacArthur—American Army commander in the Pacific
Strategy: island-hopping towards JapanHop past enemy strongholds & attack
weaker Japanese basesBuilt airfields on conquered islands
Island Hopping
MacArthur and his men
August 7- February 1943 (6 months)
Marines stormed the island and marked Japan’s first defeat on land
Over 24,000 lost
Referred to as “the Island of Death” by both sides
Allowed U.S. to reach Japan with long-range bombers
Battle of Guadalcanal
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