1.5 ways to prevent infections
Post on 24-Jun-2015
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Ways to prevent infection caused
by microorganism
Most of the disease can be treated
Prevention is better than treatment
Ways to prevent infection caused by microorganism..
1.Control the vectors
2.Sterilisation
3.Immunisation
Pathogens
•Microorganism that bring harmful to human and living thing
CONTROLLING THE VECTORS
Vectors
• a carrier, especially the animal that transfers an infective agent from one host to another
Control the vectors
•How to control vectors such as mosquitoes and
houseflies?
HOUSEFLY
Control of houseflies
ADULT HAUSEFLIES LAY EGGS ON FOOD AND GARBAGE
Way of prevention?
1. Cover food properly
2. Dispose all wastes in covered bin
MICROORGANISM ATTACH TO THE BODY OF THE ADULT HOUSEFLY
HOW TO KILL?
By using insecticides
PUPAE CAN BE FOUND IN A DARK NAD DRY PLACE
How to get rid of it?
Clean house regularly
Larvae live in food, garbage and sewage
What to do?
Cover the food properly
MOSQUITOES
WAYS OF CONTROLLING….
They Hide In Dark…
Spray To Kill The Adult
USING PESTICIDES
SPRAY OIL TO WATER SURFACE
STERILISATION: )
STERILISATION
Is the way to kill pathogens that
caused infections
3 ways of sterilisation
1.Use of heat 2.Use of chemical3.Use of radiation
Use of heat• By using steam and heated air• Leave no foreign matter on the sterilised object
( tidak meninggalkan bahan asing pada objek yang telah di steril.)
Look at the wound….
Some iodine solution is applied to this wound..
why?
To kill the grow of germs
2 types of chemical used for sterilisation….
1.Antiseptic
2.Disinfectant
Antiseptics • Destroy (memusnahkan) or stops
the growth of germs on living thing.
• Applied to skin and mucous membrane
• Must be strong enough to kill germ and not to the tissues
Disinfectant • Destroy (memusnahkan) or stops
the growth of germs on non-living thing.
• Most are powerful chemicals to sanitise clothes, rooms, utensil in hospital.
• Example - formaldehyde, phenols
Use of radiations
immunisation: )
Immunity is the ability of human body to fight against foreign substances such as patogens
Imuniti adalah kemampuan badan untuk melawan bahan asing seperti patogen
IMMUNITY• Is due to the presence of white
blood cells
• White blood cells produce antibody to fight pathogens in our body
Immune system • The immune system is the body’s main defence against
pathogens.
• - It recognizes, attacks, destroys and “remembers” each type of pathogen that enters the body.
There are two types of immunity
Active immunity (body produces antibodies)
Passive immunity (body received antibodies)
Active immunity is divided into
1.Natural active immunity
2.Artificial active immunity
Natural Active Immunity • i. • - Develops naturally after a person is
infected with a pathogen. • - Very effective and may last for life. • - Examples: recovery from diseases
such as chicken pox and mumps.
ii. Artificial active immunity
• - acquired through immunization
• - Involves the use of vaccine that contains weakened pathogen.
• Vaccination or immunisation is a process in which vaccine containing dead or weakend pathogens is given to stimulate body to produce antibodies.
• - Examples: injection of vaccines to agains tuberculosis (BCG), poliomelitis and hepatitis B
Passive immunity is divided into
1.Natural passive immunity
2.Artificial passive immunity
ii. Artificial passive immunity
Induced by injection of serum taken from an individual already immuned to a particular antigen.
- Examples: Antiserum is injected to give immediate protection or to give rapid help in treating a disease.
- But the immunity does not last long
• A second dose of injection may be needed to raise the immunity level
ii. Natural passive immunity
acquired by the transfer of maternal antibodies to her offspring via the placenta or breast milk. - Examples:
Breast-feeding. An infant receives from the mother because antibodies are present in the mother’s milk.
Importance of Immunity
• • Helps to prevent the spread of diseases.
• • Vaccination is used to fight infection and prevent epidemic outbreaks of disease or deaths.
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