15. comparative anatomy essential question: how does the evidence of geology, fossils, and...

15. Comparative Anatomy

Essential Question: How does the evidence of geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy support the theory of evolution?

Learning Target: I can compare and contrast fossils of several different species. I can compare the anatomy and development of several different species.

Learning Task: I will explain how evidence from comparative anatomy can be used to support evolution.

Welcome! Warm Up Friday 4/25/14 Week of 4/21 – 4/25

Darwin observed many birds that had many different beak shapes and sizes. There a were few beaks that were similar because of…

a. competition for the same type of food

b. competition for a specific concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

c. the presence of an excessive number of autotrophs

d. the presence of a disease that attacks birds with similar beaks

Welcome! Warm Up Friday 4/25/14 Week of 4/21 – 4/25

Darwin observed many birds that had many different beak shapes and sizes. There were few beaks that were similar because of…

a. competition for the same type of food

b. competition for a specific concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere

c. the presence of an excessive number of autotrophs

d. the presence of a disease that attacks birds with similar beaks

4th Quarter Table of Contents 1

Title Assignment #

Video: Evolution Questions Segment 1& 3 11

Evolution Vocab (7 Words)12

Evolution Notes: The Theory of Natural Selection 13

Video: Evolution Questions Segment 4&6 14

The Bean Bug Game (Data) 15

Evidences of Evolution Handout 16

Table / GroupTalk

P 13 Natural Selection Notes

P 14 Bean Game

4 Components of Natural Selection Give an example of a species and

how it goes through the components of Natural selection

Evidences for Evolution 16

“life changes over time”

Evidences for Evolution

So far, we have talked about evolution and the processes that drive it (natural selection).

But how do we know that evolution occurs?

There are three major evidences that we are going to evaluate:

I. Morphological Evidence (Comparative Anatomy):

Comparing physical structures among organisms

A. Homologous Structures1. Definition:

Structures that have common ancestry. Structures are similar; function may or may not be different.

2. Example: human arm, whale flipper, dog front leg, bat wing, bird wing

http://www2.visalia.k12.ca.us/eldiamante/science/biology/taters/taters_images/forelimbs.gif

http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB182/Lecture02/lect2.html

B. Analogous Structures1. Definition: Different structures with

similar function in organisms are NOT closely related, but are adapted to the same environment.

2. Example:

Dolphin fin (class: mammal) made of bones;

Shark fin (class: cartilaginous fish) made of cartilage

C. Vestigial Structures

1. Definition: Structures reduced in size because they serve no apparent purpose

2. Example: Whale pelvis, Snake pelvis, Human tail bone, appendix, wisdom teeth

http://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/courses/EEB182/Lecture02/lect2.html

http://www.biolessons.com/lessonplans/evolution/tutorial/default.asp

http://www.studiodentaire.com/en/treatments/wisdom_teeth.php

http://microbiologybytes.wordpress.com/2008/04/03/biofilms-in-the-bowel-suggest-a-function-for-the-human-appendix/

http://www.livescience.com/animals/top10_vestigial_organs-1.html

Human appendix

Human tailbone (Coccyx)

Human wisdom teeth

II. Similar Embryology (Comparative Embryology):

A. Definition: Comparing embryos of related organisms

They look similar, but get more different as they develop

B. Example: Vertebrate embryos (including humans) have gill slits, tails, and limb buds…but eventually the gill slits and tails may be lost

III. Biochemical Evidence

A. REMEMBER: DNA codes for proteins

B. Definition: Comparing DNA to determine organisms’ evolutionary past

Similarity in DNA = relatedness b/w organisms

C. Example: Human & gorilla have more DNA in common than human & fish, so human & gorilla are more related

http://www.life.uiuc.edu/ib/335/deletions.jpg

Video

Video: Comparative Anatomy with Hand Dissection (4:05)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUL8hKDdY84

Hand it to the Animals

Google Drive: Download

15. Hand It to the Animals Wkst

15. Hand it to the Animals Images

Make sure you have watch the video on and finished the questions on NB 14. Submit an picture of this page to me on Google Drive

Video

Video: The human hand- a gift from ancient primates (4:27)

http://www.pbs.org/your-inner-fish/watch/

Study Guide

Tuesday you’ll take your Evolution Test

This will be your last regular Test in Science!

Use the study guide to prepare

This is a Homework Assignment due Monday!!!

Exit Ticket

Which of the types of evidence for evolution that we talked about today was most interesting to you?

Why?