12.3 dna, rna and protein what you will learn -3 types of rna -transcription/translation -role of...
Post on 16-Jan-2016
265 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
12.3 DNA, RNA and PROTEIN
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN-3 types of RNA-transcription/translation-role of RNA polymerase in making mRNA
MAIN IDEA
DNA codes for RNA which guides protein synthesis.
READING Q’s
1-DESCRIBE the CENTRAL DOGMA of BIOLOGY
-established belief of living things -transcription – translation – MAKING proteins
READING Q’s
2-LIST the 3 types of RNA
-mRNA = messenger RNA-rRNA = ribosomal RNA-tRNA = transfer RNA
READING Q’s
3-LOCATE where in the cell proteins are made
-ribosomes/cytoplasm
READING Q’s
4-IDENTIFY how many amino acids used to make proteins
-20 different amino acids
READING Q’s
5-IDENTIFY the 2 main steps in making proteins
1-transcription2-translation
READING Q’s
6-COMPLETE where each process occurs
-TRANSCRIPTION takes place in NUCLEUS -TRANSLATION takes place in RIBOSOMES/cytoplasm
READING Q’s
7-APPLY: amino acid chain: AUG-CCC-GGA-UUA-UAG-AUG methionine-START-CCC proline-GGA glycerine-UUA leucine-UAG STOP
GROUP WORK: CORNELL NOTES
-As a cooperative group:-complete the cornell notes-using your knowledge from the reading
2007-2008
12.3 PROTEIN SYNTHESISCornell notes
TERMS TO REVIEWprotein-building blocks for all living things
amino acids-building blocks of proteins
ribosome-organelle manufactures protein
MAIN IDEACENTRAL DOGMA—established BELIEF of living things
-TRANSCRIPTION-DNA codes for RNA-TRANSLATION--RNA guides protein synthesis
MAIN IDEATRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAo
RNARNA-NUCLEIC ACID similar to DNA
-ribonucleic acid -sugar--RIBOSE
-guides protein synthesis -found in nucleus & cytoplasm -single stranded/different shapes -URACIL replaces thymine
A=U / C=G
RNA-RNA, like DNA is made of small units
called…
Made up of: -sugar (ribose) -phosphate group -N-bases
cytosine=guanine / adenine=uracil
NUCLEOTIDES
RNA
RNA3 MAIN types of RNA
mRNA -messenger RNArRNA-ribosomal RNA tRNA-transfer RNA
mRNAmRNA—messenger RNA -nucleus cytoplasm -copies DNA code -single strand
rRNArRNA—ribosomal RNA -cytoplasm -forms ribosomes -ribbon shaped
tRNAtRNA—transfer RNA-ribosomes / cytoplasm-determines amino acids by
anticodon/codon-cloverleaf shape
TRANSCRIPTION1-RNA polymerase “unzips” DNA2- 3’5’ DNA strand acts as template
TRANSCRIPTION3-mRNA made using DNA template strand by RNA polymerase
4-mRNA copying stops when reaches TERMINATION
5-mRNA leaves nucleus moves into cytoplasm
6-mRNA attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
TRANSCRIPTIONTEMPLATE vs NON-TEMPLATEONLY 3’-5’ strand serves as template
TRANSCRIPTIONTranscribe this DNA to mRNA
3’ GTACTACATGCTATGCAT 5’5’ CAUGAUGUACGAUACGUA 3’
TranscribemRNA
THE CODEINSTRUCTIONS on mRNA for PROTEIN synthesis20 different amino acids make proteins -each 3 base code - specific for 1 amino acidCODON—3 base code on mRNA
*START codon—AUG-methionine*STOP codons—UAA, UAG, UGA
THE CODE
TRANSLATIONCODE is read -- TRANSLATED to make
a PROTEIN
TRANSLATIONtRNA:1-folds into cloverleaf shape
-middle of tRNA has 3 base coding sequence—
ANTICODON
*each ANTICODON is complementary to CODON on mRNA
TRANSLATIONtRNA:2-READING starts at AUG
TRANSLATIONtRNA:3-ANTICODON reads mRNA CODON4-adds amino acids as move through
ribosome *3 base code –CODON– determines which AMINO ACID is added to protein chain
TRANSLATION5-terminates when reach a STOP codon
UAA UAG UGA
PROTEINProteins are polymers made of amino
acids20 different amino acids--hundreds of thousands of different
proteins
PROTEIN
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION
FLOW CART: transcription / translation
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION
-------------
NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM
mRNAPROTEIN
copier
blueprints
2007-2008
FLOW CHART
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATIONhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=NJxobgkPEAoFrom RNA to Protein Synthesis - YouTube
NUCLEUSCYTOPLASMRIBOSOMEDNAmRNArRNAtRNARNA polymeraseAmino AcidPolypeptide chain [PROTEIN]TRANSLATIONTRANSCRIPTION
FLOW CARTTRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION
-----------------------------
NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM
RNA
polymerase
mRNA [code]
tRNA [interpret]
polypeptide chain / PROTEIN
rRNA
a.a
TRANSCRIPTION/TRANSLATION
TRANSCRIPTIONPRACTICE TRANSCRIPTION:-Write complementary N-bases for mRNA using DNA strand below—REMEMBER—use U now instead of T
parental 3’-5’DNA strand
mRNA
RNA polymerase
G
G
GG
GTA
T
TT
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
AC
CUGAA
REVIEW1-Where in the cell does transcription occur?-nucleus cytoplasm2-What nucleic acids are involved in the
process of transcription?-DNA & RNA3-What is the importance of transcription?-copies code from DNA-takes to
cytoplasm4-In transcription, why is the entire DNA
molecule not copied into mRNA?-only small segments used to make a
protein
TRANSLATIONPRACTICE TRANSLATION:-Use mRNA **CODON sequence to determine tRNA *ANTICODON sequence -Place comp N-bases on each of the 3 marks pointed at the CODONS of mRNA-Use the CODE WHEEL to identify amino acids attached to the tRNA(REMEMBER—this is RNA - use U instead of T when matching up with A)
mRNA AUG CCC AAC CGC UUA UCA GGU AUA UAG CODONS
tRNA UAC GGG ANTICODONS
amino acids: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ polypeptide:beginning of protein aa = amino acids
-METH -PROL -ASP -ARG -LEU -SER -GLY -ISO -STOP
UUG GCG AAU AGU CCA UAU AUC
DNA vs RNA
DNA-deoxyribose-stores genetic information-double stranded-long -in nucleus only-double helix shape-T: thymine
RNA-ribose
-guides protein synthesis
-single stranded-short
-nucleus/cytoplasm-different shapes
-U: uracil
-nucleic acids
-contain genetic info-nucleotides
-sugar/phosph
backbones-H bonds
-templates-N-bases
C/G/A
COOKIE ANALAGYMAKING PROTEIN BAKING COOKIES
NUCLEUS LIBRARY w/ COOKBOOKS
COOKIE RECIPE
mRNA TRANSCRIPTION
COPIED RECIPE
RIBOSOMES in cytoplasm
THE CHEF—reads recipe/mixes
ingredients
INGREDIENTS:flour, sugar, butter, choc
chips,…
PROTEINS
DNA
copying recipe
KITCHEN-oven
tRNA(codons-anticodons) AMINO ACIDS COOKIES
mRNA
DO NOW
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION
mRNA
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS
Pg. 339
• Pg. 339
Do Now
top related