12 copyright © 2006, oracle. all rights reserved. automatic storage management
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12Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Automatic Storage Management
12-2 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
• Identify the features of Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
• Set up initialization parameter files for ASM and database instances
• Execute SQL commands with ASM file names
• Start up and shut down ASM instances
• Administer ASM disk groups
• Use RMAN to migrate your database to ASM
12-3 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Automatic Storage Management:Review
• Portable and high-performancecluster file system
• Manages Oracle database files
• Data spread across disksto balance load
• Integrated mirroring acrossdisks
• Solves many storage management challenges
ASM
Filesystem
Volumemanager
Operating system
Application
Database
12-5 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM General Architecture
ASM instance
SID=asm
ASM disks ASM disks
ASM disk group 1
DB instance
SID=sales
ASMBRBAL
ARB0
ARBA
…
ASM disks ASM disks ASM disks
ASM disk group 2
ASM disks
DBW0
RBAL
FG
12-7 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Instance Tasks
The following are tasks that you need to be able to perform in order to use an ASM instance:
• Create the ASM instance
• Set the initialization parameters
• Start the ASM instance
• Manage the ASM instance
• Shut down the ASM instance
12-8 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Creating an ASM Instance
12-9 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Instance Initialization Parameters
INSTANCE_TYPE = ASM
DB_UNIQUE_NAME = +ASM
ASM_POWER_LIMIT = 1
ASM_DISKSTRING = '/dev/rdsk/*s2', '/dev/rdsk/c1*'
ASM_DISKGROUPS = dgroupA, dgroupB
LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 8MB
12-10 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Database Instance Parameter Changes
…
INSTANCE_TYPE = RDBMS
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT
DB_BLOCK_SIZE
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n
DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
CONTROL_FILES
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST
LARGE_POOL_SIZE = 8MB
…
12-11 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting Up an ASM Instance
$ export ORACLE_SID='+ASM'
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> CONNECT / AS sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> STARTUP;
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 147936196 bytes
Fixed Size 324548 bytes
Variable Size 96468992 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 811008 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
12-12 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Accessing an ASM Instance
Disk group Disk group
Storage system
AS SYSDBA AS SYSOPERASM
instance
All operations Nondestructiveoperations
12-14 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Home Page
12-15 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Performance Page
12-16 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Configuration Page
12-17 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Shutting Down an ASM Instance
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
ASM instance
Database instance A Database instance B
1 1
2
3
12-18 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
DBCA and Storage Options
12-19 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Storage: Concepts
Database
Tablespace
Segment
Extent
Oracle datablock
Data file
Physicalblock
ASM disk
ASM file
Allocation unit(AU)
File systemfileor
raw device
ASMdisk group
12-20 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Disk Groups
• A pool of disks managed asa logical unit
• Partitions total disk space into uniform sized units
• Spreads each file evenly across all disks
• Uses coarse- or fine-grain striping on the basis of file type
• Administers disk groups, not files
Disk group
ASMinstance
12-21 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Failure Group
Controller 1 Controller 2
Failure group 1 Failure group 2
Disk group A
Controller 3
Failure group 3
1 7 13
1 7 131 7 13
1 7 13
1 7 131 7 13
1 7 13
1 7 131 7 13
2
3
4
5
6
12-22 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Disk Group Mirroring
• Mirror at AU level
• Mix primary and mirror AUs on each disk
• External redundancy:Defers to hardwaremirroring
• Normal redundancy: – Two-way mirroring– At least two failure groups
• High redundancy: – Three-way mirroring– At least three failure groups
12-23 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Disk Group Dynamic Rebalancing
• Automatic online rebalance wheneverstorage configurationchanges
• Only move data proportional to storage added
• No need for manual I/O tuning
• Online migration tonew storage
• Configurable loadon system using ASM_POWER_LIMIT
12-24 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Managing Disk Groups
CREATE DISKGROUP
ALTER DISKGROUP
DROP DISKGROUPASMinstance
Database instance
12-25 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Administration Page
12-26 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Create Disk Group Page
12-27 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Creating and Dropping Disk Groups
CREATE DISKGROUP dgroupA NORMAL REDUNDANCY
FAILGROUP controller1 DISK
'/devices/A1' NAME diskA1 SIZE 120G FORCE,
'/devices/A2',
'/devices/A3'
FAILGROUP controller2 DISK
'/devices/B1',
'/devices/B2',
'/devices/B3';
DROP DISKGROUP dgroupA INCLUDING CONTENTS;
12-28 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Adding Disks to Disk Groups
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA ADD DISK
'/dev/rdsk/c0t4d0s2' NAME A5,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t5d0s2' NAME A6,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t6d0s2' NAME A7,
'/dev/rdsk/c0t7d0s2' NAME A8;
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA ADD DISK '/devices/A*';
Disk formatting
Disk group rebalancing
12-30 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Miscellaneous ALTER Commands
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA DROP DISK A5;
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA DROP DISK A6
ADD FAILGROUP fred DISK '/dev/rdsk/c0t8d0s2' NAME A9;
ALTER DISKGROUP dgroupA UNDROP DISKS;
Remove a disk from dgroupA:
Add and drop a disk in a single command:
Cancel a disk drop operation:
12-32 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASM Files
Database file
ASM file automatically spread inside disk group dgroupA
CREATE TABLESPACE sample DATAFILE '+dgroupA';
1234
1 2 3 4
Automatic ASM filecreation
RMAN
12-33 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ASMCMD Utility
$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> ls -l DGROUP1/ORCL/DATAFILE
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE OCT 05 21:00:00 Y HRAPPS.257.570923611
DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE OCT 05 21:00:00 Y TBSASM.256.570922917
ASMCMD>
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE tbsasm DATAFILE '+DGROUP1' SIZE 100M;
Tablespace created.
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE hrapps DATAFILE '+DGROUP1' SIZE 10M;
Tablespace created.
12-34 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Migrating Your Database to ASM Storage
1. Shut down your database cleanly.
2. Shut down the database and modify your server parameter file to use Oracle Managed Files (OMF).
3. Edit and execute the following RMAN script:
STARTUP NOMOUNT;RESTORE CONTROLFILE FROM '/u1/c1.ctl';ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE FORMAT '+dgroup1';SWITCH DATABASE TO COPY;SQL "ALTER DATABASE RENAME '/u1/log1' TO '+dgroup1' ";# Repeat RENAME command for all online redo log members ...ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;SQL "ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/u1/temp1' DROP";
12-36 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
• Describe the concepts of Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
• Set up initialization parameter files for ASM and database instances
• Execute SQL commands with ASM file names
• Start up and shut down ASM instances
• Administer ASM disk groups
• Use RMAN to migrate your database to ASM
12-37 Copyright © 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Practice Overview:Using Automatic Storage Management
This practice covers the following topics:
• Creating and starting an ASM instance
• Creating and using ASM disk groups
• Migrating a tablespace to ASM storage
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