1 welcome to biology 101 human anatomy & physiology i a tour through the visible human (national...

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Welcome to Biology 101Human Anatomy & Physiology I

A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…

Please be sure you pick up handouts, and initial the attendance sheet; names are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER!

You should initial the attendance sheet each time you come to lecture.

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General Information

• Who am I?– Greg Erianne, Ph.D.– Office SH 205– E-mail - CCM: gerianne@ccm.edu– Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail)

– Web site: http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101/

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Chapter 1The Human Body:

An OrientationLecture 1

Marieb’s HumanAnatomy and

Physiology

Marieb Hoehn

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Emergency Evacuation Procedures• Emergency evacuation may be required when there is an actual or potential danger to

the occupants of any building as a result of fire or other emergency situation. When a fire alarm is sounded, all occupants must leave the building(s) via the nearest exit and proceed immediately to the designated staging area and remain 50 feet from any building. Fire Marshals will direct the evacuation. All walkways and roads must remain clear for emergency vehicles. Take all belongings with you. You will remain there until the all clear is sounded, or a Fire Marshal directs you to a remote staging area. Evacuation of physically disabled individuals will be assisted or coordinated by the faculty at the site. DO NOT USE ELEVATORS DURING THE EVACUATION PROCESS. The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is (Please state staging area from accompanying chart).

The evacuation staging area for this classroom or laboratory is:

• SH 100-level Classrooms/LabsLawn above HH stairs, Parking lot 5

• DH 100-level ClassroomsRear exit to lot 1 50 ft past walkway, Parking lot 1

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Course Web Sites• Our Web sites for this class are located at:

– http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main Web site)• Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)• Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules• Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)• Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab• Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides• Links to many other sites including PearsonWeb site• Extra credit assignments

– http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary)• You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things

– http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)• You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site

before• Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!• (Course ID: MAPERIANNE12222)

– Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)

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Overview of Today’s Lecture

• Course Web sites and Publisher Web site

• Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book

• Course Objectives and Syllabus Review

• Blueprint for success

• Organization of the Human Body

• Characteristics of Life

• Homeostasis

• Anatomical Terminology

• Chemistry I (Lectures 2, 3, and 4)

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Textbook/Laboratory Manual

• Course Description– Lecture / discussion format

• Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th edition closely

– Figures used for class– Laboratory

• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 12th edition

– Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab

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Major objectives of this course

• In general, you will…– Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides– Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical

terminology– Further develop your ability to think logically and

critically

• Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…

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Grading Summary for A&P I

Lecture

(Four lecture exams + Final Exam)

**If Final Exam Score is higher than lowest Lecture Exam Score, lowest

Lecture Exam Score will be replaced by Final Exam Score

Lecture Exam 1 15.00% Lecture Exam 2 15.00%Lecture Exam 3 15.00%Lecture Exam 4 15.00%Final Exam 15.00%TOTAL 75.00%

Lab(Three lab exams)

**Please consult with your laboratory instructor as his/her requirements &

grading scheme may differ

Lab Exam 1 8.33% Lab Exam 2 8.33%Lab Exam 3 8.33%TOTAL 25.00%

Letter Grade

Numerical Average

GPAQuality Points

A 93.0 – 100.0 4.00 A- 90.0 – 92.9 3.67

B+ 87.0 – 89.9 3.33B 83.0 – 86.9 3.00

B- 80.0 – 82.9 2.67

C+ 77.0 – 79.9 2.33C 70.0 – 76.9 2.00

D 60.0 – 69.9 1.00F < 59.9 0.00

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Blueprint for Success• Most importantly…

– Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes– Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved

during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture– Ask questions if you don’t understand– Continually review previously learned material– Use all the study aids available to you– ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a

BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!

• **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!

• **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself

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Physiology – study of function - Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho- - Comparative physiology

Anatomy – study of structure - Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?) - Cytology (microanatomy) – cells - Histology (microanatomy) – tissues

Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?

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How Structure Determines Function

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Levels of Organization

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Important Definitions of Organizational Terms

• Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)

• Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

• Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions

• Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together

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Water- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)- required for metabolic processes- required for transport- regulates body temperature

Food- supplies energy- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components

Requirements of Organisms

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Oxygen- one-fifth of air- used to release energy from nutrients

Heat- form of energy- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions

Pressure - atmospheric pressure – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing

Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)

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General Function of Organ Systems

A&P I A&P II

Figure from: Martini & Ober, Visual Anatomy and Physiology, Pearson, 2011

Know BOTH of these tables for exam

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Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major functions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)

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Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Rapidly-acting, short-term control

(Skeletal muscle shown)

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Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)

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Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

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Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

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Organ Systems – Reproductive

Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

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Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE

Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes.

• Receptors - provide information about environment• Control center - tells what a particular value should be• Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment

Homeostasis

A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology

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Homeostatic Mechanisms

Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Slide moved ahead…

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Homeostasis

The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must remain stable despite changes outside.

Major goal of homeostasis is to keep this consistent (Interstitial fluid)

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Homeostasis

Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens

Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Homeostasis

• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!– Continual variations occur in body systems– Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)

• Examples of negative feedback (most things)– Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood

glucose levels

• Examples of positive feedback– Blood clotting, milk ejection, uterine contraction

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Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d)

Notice that this occurs in a ONE-WAY circuit.

Know the normal temperature of the body

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Thoracic Membranes•Visceral pleura•Parietal pleura•Visceral pericardium•Parietal pericardium

Visceral layer – covers an organParietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall

Abdominopelvic Membranes•Visceral peritoneum•Parietal peritoneum

Serous Membranes

Serous fluid –watery, protein-containing, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes

Thin layer of tissue lining a body cavity that secretes serous fluid

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Serous Membranes & Organs of the Thorax

Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Serous Membranes & Organs of the Abdomen

Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; Know what system is each organ a part of

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Review

• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function

• Structure determines function

• The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity– Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

• The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis

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Review

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment– Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)

– Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism

• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes– Visceral (nearest to organ)

– Parietal (nearest to body wall; furthest from organ)

• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities.

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