1. variables 1
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7/26/2019 1. Variables 1
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Variablesdr. Harun Al Rasyid, MPH
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Statistics is used to
describe / summarize data,identify associations &relationships, and maepredictions or!eneralizations.
Statistics is thecollection, or!anization& interpretation of data
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"
Statistics ispart of our
life, really#
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Statistics ispart of our
life, really#
% dari 10 wanita memilih shampoo ini'(
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)
Apa betul#
Siapa respondennya#
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our date here our footer here
Ada berapa 0umlah daun
teratai# 1erapa lebardaun# Apasemua sama#
1erapa daunyan! ecil,sedan!,besar# 1erapa banya
atanya#
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ata adalahumpulan
fata
ihitun!
iuur
itimban!
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3nitial obser4ation
5enerate theory
5eneratehypothesis
6ollect data to testtheory
Analyze data
3dentify4ariables
Measure4ariables
ata
Research Process
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A 4ariable is acharacteristic of
the thin! you arestudyin! orobser4in!
Berat Panjang
Jumlah
9ariables arecharacteristics thatcan be measured or
cate!orized
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9ariable
:umericRatio
3nter4al
6ate!ori
cal
:ominal
;rdinal
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Categorical 4ariables
A cate!orical 4ariable is made up ofcate!ories.
-he data are counted.
<or e=ample> !ender ?male or female@, a!e!roup ?ids, teena!er, adults@, blood type ?A,
1, A1, or ;@, etc.
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7"
ebutan data sala ate!ori yan! Anda lihat
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7$
Continuous 4ariables
A continuous 4ariable is one that !i4es us ascore for each person and can tae on any4alue on the measurement scale that Be areusin!.
-he data are measured.
C=ample> the hei!ht of students ?cm@,number of chairs in class, temperature,blood pressure, blood !lucose le4el, etc.
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9ariables that are %named(, i.e.classiDed into one or more Eualitati4ecate!ories that describe thecharacteristic of interest
• no orderin! of the diFerent cate!ories
• no measure of distance betBeen4alues
• cate!ories can be listed in any orderBithout aFectin! the relationshipbetBeen them
Nominal 4ariable
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3n medicine, nominal 4ariables are oftenused to describe the patient. C=amplesof nominal 4ariables mi!ht include>
• 5ender ?male, female@
• Cye color ?blue, broBn, !reen,hazel@
• Sur!ical outcome ?dead, ali4e@
• 1lood type ?A, 1, A1, ;@
Nominal 4ariable
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9ariables that ha4e an inherent order tothe relationship amon! the diFerentcate!ories
• an implied orderin! of the cate!ories?le4els@
• Euantitati4e distance betBeen le4els isunnoBn
• distances betBeen the le4els may not bethe same
• meanin! of diFerent le4els may not bethe same for diFerent indi4iduals
Ordinal 4ariable
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3n medicine, ordinal 4ariables oftendescribe the patientGs characteristics,attitude, beha4ior, or status. C=amplesof ordinal 4ariables mi!ht include>
• Sta!e of cancer ?sta!e 3, 33, 333, 39@
• Cducation le4el ?elementary, secondary,colle!e@
• Pain le4el ?mild, moderate, se4ere@
• Satisfaction le4el ?4ery dissatisDed,dissatisDed, neutral, satisDed, 4erysatisDed@
•A!reement le4el ?stron!ly disa!ree,disa!ree, neutral, a!ree, stron!ly a!ree@
Ordinal 4ariable
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9ariables that ha4e constant, eEualdistances betBeen 4alues, but the zeropoint is arbitrary.
C=amples of inter4al 4ariables>
• 3ntelli!ence ?3 test score of 788, 778,728, etc.@
• Pain le4el ?7I78 scale@
Interval 4ariable
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Ratio 4ariable
9ariables ha4e eEual inter4als betBeen4alues, the zero point is meanin!ful,and the numerical relationships
betBeen numbers is meanin!ful.C=amples of ratio 4ariables>
• +ei!ht ?)8 ilos, 788 ilos, 7)8 ilos,etc.@
• Pulse rate
• Respiratory rate
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Why
understandingtype of
variables isimportant
Memahami sala 4ariabelsan!at pentin! a!ar bisa
menentuan u0i statistic yan!tepat etia men!analisis
data. Sala 4ariabelmenentuan ba!aimana data
itu aan ditampilan ataudirin!as.
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Seoran! peneliti in!in melauan penelitian men!enai
berat bayi baru lahir dan 3M- ibu sebelum melahiran.
1erat bayi dielompoan men0adi 11JR dan :ormal,
sedan!an 3M- ibu dielompoan men0adi Abnormal dan
normal.
Apaah analisis data yan! palin! tepat untu di!unaan
pada penelitian tersebut#
a. orelasi spearmanb.6hi sEuare
c. K0i -
d.A:;9A
e. Re!resi
Contoh soal !"i
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