1 the international response to complex emergencies fao photo
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1
The International Response to Complex Emergencies
FAO Photo
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Complex EmergenciesDefinition
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Complex EmergenciesWho is responsible and who
coordinates?
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Who is a Refugee?Definition
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The UN System
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GENERAL ASSEMBLY
SECURITYCOUNCIL
SECRETARIAT
TRUSTEESHIPCOUNCIL
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
COUNCIL
INTRNTNL.COURT OFJUSTICE
OCHA DPA DPKO DA HCHR/CHR DGSRDP
• ILO• FAO• UNESCO• WHO• WBG• IMF• WMO• IAEA
• UNRWA• UNCTAD• UNICEF• UNHCR• WFP• UNITAR• UNDP• UNEP
THE UN STRUCTURETHE UN STRUCTURE
5 PRINCIPAL ORGANS5 PRINCIPAL ORGANS
•ICAO•UPU•ITU•IMO•WIPO•IFAD•UNIDO
Specialised Agencies
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NATO
The “International System”IFRC
Refugees -IDPs,
Besieged
donorshost government
localpopulation
national/localNGOs
UNHCR
intergovernmentalorganizations
Other UNagencies
media
media
media
media
internationalNGOs
media
media
military
ICRC
Red Crescent
Can anyone coordinate this?
WFP
UNICEF
UNDPOCHA
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Coordination in the UN System
• Mandates• Standards• Structures• Tools
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Mandates• Pre-defines (broadly) the activities of each
UN body
–e.g. WFP is the Food organisation of the UN, UNHCR is the refugee organisation of the UN
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Standards• Common emergency standards and indicators
provide benchmarks for common objectives and action
For refugee emergencies: Death rate >2 per 10,000 per day Nutritional Status <70% weight for height or
<12 cm middle upper arm circumference
Rations <2,100 calories/person /day Site Space <30 sq. meters per person Shelter <3.5 meters per person Water Quantity <10 liters/person/day Water Quality >25% of people with
diarrhea
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Structures• The Secretary General can put in place one
of four structures for field coordination:
–Resident Coordinator–Lead Agency–Humanitarian Coordinator–Regional Humanitarian Coordinator
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Tools• UN Agencies can use tools which help
coordination e.g.
–Joint Contingency Planning–Consolidated (joint) appeals–Memoranda of Understanding (MOU)–Joint Training
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Spectrum of Coordination Activities
Information sharingInformation sharing
CollaborationCollaboration
Joint Field/HQPlanning andProgramming
“SOFT”
“HARD”
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Coordination and time:The rule of diminishing returns?
TIME
Crisis Humanitarian Expansion Programme Normalization Transition
CO
OR
DIN
ATI
ON
INPU
TS N
EED
ED
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Some Examples of International Humanitarian Coordination Mechanisms
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GovernmentCoordinationMeeting @ LowerLevel
UN & InternationalsCoordinationMeeting @Lower Level
JOINT COORDINATION
MEETING @HIGHER
LEVEL
Kukes - “Horseshoe” mechanism Location -JointMembership -InclusiveAuthority -HighFormality -HighResources -High
Location -SeparateMembership -ExclusiveAuthority -MediumFormality -LowResources -Low
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JOINT COORDINATION
MEETING @MIDDLE LEVEL
EMG Tirana - “Integrated” coordination meeting mechanism
Location - Co-locatedMembership - InclusiveAuthority - HighFormality - HighResources - High
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Parallel Meetings MechanismTurkey/Kurdish Influx 1991
orLifeline Sudan
GovernmentCoordination
Meeting @ lowerlevel
UN & InternationalsCoordination
Meeting @Lower Level
GovernmentCoordination
Meeting @ Higherlevel
UN & InternationalsCoordination
Meeting @Higher Level
Location -SeparateMembership -ExclusiveAuthority -HighFormality -HighResource - ?
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