1 spirit silicon prairie initiative on robotics in information technology modern engineering...
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SSilicon ilicon PPrairie rairie IInitiative on nitiative on RRobotics in obotics in IInformation nformation TTechnologyechnology
Modern Modern Engineering Engineering ConstraintsConstraints
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Concurrent EngineeringConcurrent Engineering Design teams include others in
addition to engineersManufacturing expertsMarketing and sales professionalsReliability expertsCost accountantsLawyers
Concern with all these areas and their impact on the design is concurrent engineering.
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-ilities-ilities Concurrent engineering demands
consideration of the complete life cycle of the product, process, or project.
Design for: Manufacturability Affordability Reliability Sustainability Quality
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Can this Design Be Made? (DFM)Can this Design Be Made? (DFM) The design of a product has an
ENORMOUS impact on its manufacture.
A basic DFM methodology Estimate the cost for a given alternative Reduce the costs of components Reduce the costs of assembly Consider the effects on other objectives If not acceptable, revise the design REPEAT …
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Design for Assembly (DFA)Design for Assembly (DFA) Limit the number of components Using standard components Use a base component on which
other components can be located
Use components the facilitate retrieval and assembly
Maximize accessibility during manufacturing and maintenance
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AffordabilityAffordability Engineering Economics
The time value of moneyMoney obtained sooner is more
valuable than money obtained later.Money spent sooner is more costly
than money spent later.Design decisions made today will
translate into streams of “financial events” in the future.
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Arthur M. Wellington’s definition of engineering
“the art of doing that well with one dollar which any bungler can do with two.”
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ReliabilityReliability To an engineer: the probability that
an item will perform its function under stated conditions of use and maintenance for a stated measure of a variate.
Incidental failure Catastrophic failure Maintainability
Parts easily accessed and repaired Redundancy
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SustainabilitySustainability One generation’s progress can be the
next’s nightmare. Environmental responsibility is
incorporated directly into the ethical obligations of engineering. Air and water quality Energy consumption Disposal
Life cycle assessment analysis Inventory Impact Improvement
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Design for QualityDesign for Quality All of the –ilities are components of
the design for quality A quality design satisfies all
constraints Fully functional within the performance
specifications Meets the objectives as well or better than
alternative designs All the work of the design process is
directed to design for quality.
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SSilicon ilicon PPrairie rairie IInitiative on nitiative on RRobotics in obotics in IInformation nformation TTechnologyechnology
Modern Modern Engineering Engineering ChallengesChallenges
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Economic LeadershipEconomic Leadership
U.S. must sustain its share of high-technology jobs.
Prepare for a new wave of change.
INNOVATION is the key. Engineering is essential to
the task.
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2121stst Century Challenges Century Challenges
International Competitiveness
Rebuilding the Infrastructure
Air and Water Pollution Energy
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International International CompetitivenessCompetitiveness
The U.S. has decided that manufacturing is “trivially easy” and is shifting to a service economy.
We celebrate the dramatic breakthrough – the “big science”
There is very little praise for incremental improvements and painstaking execution - engineeringengineering
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International CompetitivenessInternational Competitiveness
U.S. Emphasis on short-term profits Lack of productproduct focus. Is the
purpose of a business: To make a profit? To make a product?
Capital Investment U.S. net annual capital investment is a
small fraction of Japan’s Automation (and robots) require capital
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Rebuilding the InfrastructureRebuilding the Infrastructure Most of U.S. constructed works need
major repairs. Highways and bridges are in bad
shape. Airports are clogged. Railroad
tracks are buckling. In 1981 the Army Corps of Engineers
declared 3000 dams as unsafe. Much has been done but not nearly
enough. – MORE ENGINEERS!
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Air and Water PollutionAir and Water Pollution Sulfur oxides from the burning of
fossil fuels Exhaust gasses: HC, CO, NOx, and
photochemical oxidants Agriculture is one of the biggest
water polluters. Salts, fertilizers, animal manure nitrogen Pesticides
Water tables are falling in India, China, and the U.S.
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EnergyEnergy It requires 20 to 50 years to make
the transition from a new energy concept to commercial practicality.
It would take another 30 to 50 years before enough capacity would exist to produce a quad (1015 BTU)
We need to do something for the future – MORE ENGINEERS
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2121stst Century Engineering Challenges Century Engineering Challenges
competition for limited resources global population growth energy sourcing and security homeland security aging infrastructure in some parts of the world
and the lack of infrastructure in others water and air pollution global warming; disposal of toxic waste vanishing habitats and endangered species
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2121stst Century Engineering Needs Century Engineering Needs
Resourcefulness and ingenuity will be necessary to deal with these complex issues.
The solutions that must be developed and implemented will require engineering innovations.
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