1 problem resolution model 1130 & model 1135 frank schaedlich 330 nantucket blvd. toronto,...
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Problem ResolutionProblem ResolutionModel 1130 & Model 1135 Model 1130 & Model 1135
Frank SchaedlichFrank Schaedlich
330 Nantucket Blvd. Toronto, Canada M1P 2P4330 Nantucket Blvd. Toronto, Canada M1P 2P4
Rev 1.12 Aug 2004
ekran Inc. ekran Inc.
2
Classes of ProblemsClasses of Problems
System leaksSystem leaks System contaminationSystem contamination Excessive restrictionExcessive restriction Mechanical failuresMechanical failures Analytical problemsAnalytical problems
3
System LeaksSystem Leaks
Why are my blanks so high ?Why are my blanks so high ?
4
Restrictor(100 ml/min)
MFM-1
CNCNO
ParticulateFilterPacks
Back PressureRegulator(1-5 PSI)
BufferTank
ZeroScrubber
V2
500
75 40
Fan
CaseHeater
Zero Air (to Denuder Module)
Control & StatusSignals
ZeroScrubber(1st stage)
INLET
AirInlet
Vent
Heater &Temperature
SensorLeads Zero
Inlet
SampleInlet
PUMP MODULE
MODEL 2537AANALYZER
SamplePump
Control Cable
(Heated)
HEATED LINE
Interchangeable inlets: Impactor for ambient air or'Tee' piece for manifold
V1
Rev 2.40
50
MFM
CONTROLLER
ZeroOut
SampleIn
DenuderModuleControl
cable
NC C
NO
ZEROAIR
SAMPLEFILTER
SodalimeTrap
Zero Filter(providedwith 2537A)
man_pics\1135flow.dsf
600 40600
OvenCooling Fan
FritFilter
Wool
Dimples
QuartzChips
Pyrolyzer
ParticulateFilter
Teflon Union (90º)Tail
QuartzWool
OvenExhaust
CaseExhaust
Fan
SampleLine
CaseHeater
PARTICULATEMODULE
ControlConnector
ControlCable
GL14-GL18 Union
Model 1135
RGMMODULE
Model 1130Model 1130
Fan Fan
CaseExhaust
OvenExhaust
(Shown in Sampling Mode)
OvenCooling Fan
Leak Leak PointsPoints
5
Leak PointsLeak Points
Impactor FittingsImpactor Fittings Difficult to detectDifficult to detect Will primarily Will primarily
affect the amount affect the amount of particulate of particulate being detectedbeing detected
Impactor FittingsImpactor Fittings Difficult to detectDifficult to detect Will primarily Will primarily
affect the amount affect the amount of particulate of particulate being detectedbeing detected
Coupler: 1130-35Coupler: 1130-35 Will give higher Will give higher
HgHg00 numbers numbers during samplingduring sampling
May also give bad May also give bad zeros during zeros during desorb phasedesorb phase
Also applies to Also applies to 1130 only systems 1130 only systems (elbow)(elbow)
Coupler: 1130-35Coupler: 1130-35 Will give higher Will give higher
HgHg00 numbers numbers during samplingduring sampling
May also give bad May also give bad zeros during zeros during desorb phasedesorb phase
Also applies to Also applies to 1130 only systems 1130 only systems (elbow)(elbow)
6
Leak PointsLeak Points
RPF Tail FittingRPF Tail Fitting
Common source of Common source of leaks leaks
Must tighten Must tighten securelysecurely
Can use a layer Can use a layer of Teflon tapeof Teflon tape
RPF units can RPF units can each be differenteach be different
RPF Tail FittingRPF Tail Fitting
Common source of Common source of leaks leaks
Must tighten Must tighten securelysecurely
Can use a layer Can use a layer of Teflon tapeof Teflon tape
RPF units can RPF units can each be differenteach be different
Sample Filter - DMSample Filter - DM
Common source of Common source of leaksleaks
Takes practice to Takes practice to tighten up housing tighten up housing properlyproperly
Ensure membrane Ensure membrane is not creasedis not creased
Sample Filter - DMSample Filter - DM
Common source of Common source of leaksleaks
Takes practice to Takes practice to tighten up housing tighten up housing properlyproperly
Ensure membrane Ensure membrane is not creasedis not creased
7
Leak PointsLeak Points
Junction TeeJunction Tee Big leak here can Big leak here can
actually result in actually result in higher area counts higher area counts during zeros than during zeros than during sampling!during sampling!
During sampling, Tee During sampling, Tee is filled with outside is filled with outside air (PM ON)air (PM ON)
During zero, we have During zero, we have indoor air at Tee indoor air at Tee (PM OFF)(PM OFF)
Junction TeeJunction Tee Big leak here can Big leak here can
actually result in actually result in higher area counts higher area counts during zeros than during zeros than during sampling!during sampling!
During sampling, Tee During sampling, Tee is filled with outside is filled with outside air (PM ON)air (PM ON)
During zero, we have During zero, we have indoor air at Tee indoor air at Tee (PM OFF)(PM OFF)
Sodalime TrapSodalime Trap Check all four seal Check all four seal
points!points! Trap uses standard Trap uses standard
QuikgripQuikgrip® ® fittingsfittings
Sodalime TrapSodalime Trap Check all four seal Check all four seal
points!points! Trap uses standard Trap uses standard
QuikgripQuikgrip® ® fittingsfittings
8
Leak PointsLeak Points
Filter Holder – Filter Holder – Model 2537AModel 2537A
Even more critical Even more critical than usual than usual because of low because of low pressure at this pressure at this pointpoint
Filter Holder – Filter Holder – Model 2537AModel 2537A
Even more critical Even more critical than usual than usual because of low because of low pressure at this pressure at this pointpoint
Internal 2537A leakInternal 2537A leak
If leak is in valve If leak is in valve assembly, may assembly, may result in bi-modal result in bi-modal areasareas
Internal 2537A leakInternal 2537A leak
If leak is in valve If leak is in valve assembly, may assembly, may result in bi-modal result in bi-modal areasareas
9
Restriction PointsRestriction Points
Why are my pump(s) racing?Why are my pump(s) racing?
10
Notes on RestrictionNotes on Restriction
Every bit of restriction within the Every bit of restriction within the system is cumulativesystem is cumulative
Effect is non-linearEffect is non-linear System will operate fine, with pumps System will operate fine, with pumps
loafing alongloafing along When the threshold is exceeded, one or When the threshold is exceeded, one or
both pumps will suddenly start racing as both pumps will suddenly start racing as they attempt to meet their target flowsthey attempt to meet their target flows
11
Restrictor(100 ml/min)
MFM-1
CNCNO
ParticulateFilterPacks
Back PressureRegulator(1-5 PSI)
BufferTank
ZeroScrubber
V2
500
75 40
Fan
CaseHeater
Zero Air (to Denuder Module)
Control & StatusSignals
ZeroScrubber(1st stage)
INLET
AirInlet
Vent
Heater &Temperature
SensorLeads Zero
Inlet
SampleInlet
PUMP MODULE
MODEL 2537AANALYZER
SamplePump
Control Cable
(Heated)
HEATED LINE
Interchangeable inlets: Impactor for ambient air or'Tee' piece for manifold
V1
Rev 2.40
50
MFM
CONTROLLER
ZeroOut
SampleIn
DenuderModuleControl
cable
NC C
NO
ZEROAIR
SAMPLEFILTER
SodalimeTrap
Zero Filter(providedwith 2537A)
man_pics\1135flow.dsf
600 40600
OvenCooling Fan
FritFilter
Wool
Dimples
QuartzChips
Pyrolyzer
ParticulateFilter
Teflon Union (90º)Tail
QuartzWool
OvenExhaust
CaseExhaust
Fan
SampleLine
CaseHeater
PARTICULATEMODULE
ControlConnector
ControlCable
GL14-GL18 Union
Model 1135
RGMMODULE
Model 1130Model 1130
Fan Fan
CaseExhaust
OvenExhaust
(Shown in Sampling Mode)
OvenCooling Fan
RestrictionRestriction PointsPoints
12
Restriction PointsRestriction Points
ImpactorImpactor Becomes very Becomes very
restrictive if restrictive if elutriator is elutriator is screwed in too screwed in too tightlytightly
Keep impactor Keep impactor disk cleandisk clean
ImpactorImpactor Becomes very Becomes very
restrictive if restrictive if elutriator is elutriator is screwed in too screwed in too tightlytightly
Keep impactor Keep impactor disk cleandisk clean
RPFRPF Pack quartz wool Pack quartz wool
looselyloosely Do not use too Do not use too
much woolmuch wool Repack filter more Repack filter more
often under high often under high particulate loadingsparticulate loadings
RPFRPF Pack quartz wool Pack quartz wool
looselyloosely Do not use too Do not use too
much woolmuch wool Repack filter more Repack filter more
often under high often under high particulate loadingsparticulate loadings
13
Restriction PointsRestriction Points
PyrolyzerPyrolyzer Use only minimum Use only minimum
quartz wool quartz wool required to keep required to keep pyro fill chips in pyro fill chips in placeplace
May use coarser May use coarser fill quartz chipsfill quartz chips
PyrolyzerPyrolyzer Use only minimum Use only minimum
quartz wool quartz wool required to keep required to keep pyro fill chips in pyro fill chips in placeplace
May use coarser May use coarser fill quartz chipsfill quartz chips
Sample Filter - DMSample Filter - DM Make certain that Make certain that
you use a you use a 1 1 µµm m glassglass membrane membrane
Not 0.2 Not 0.2 µµm Teflon!m Teflon!
Sample Filter - DMSample Filter - DM Make certain that Make certain that
you use a you use a 1 1 µµm m glassglass membrane membrane
Not 0.2 Not 0.2 µµm Teflon!m Teflon!
14
Restriction PointsRestriction Points
Sodalime TrapSodalime Trap Use coarse S/L Use coarse S/L
crystals (8 mesh)crystals (8 mesh) Use minimum Use minimum
quartz/glass wool quartz/glass wool for packing endsfor packing ends
Pack all material Pack all material looselyloosely
Sodalime TrapSodalime Trap Use coarse S/L Use coarse S/L
crystals (8 mesh)crystals (8 mesh) Use minimum Use minimum
quartz/glass wool quartz/glass wool for packing endsfor packing ends
Pack all material Pack all material looselyloosely
Model 2537A FilterModel 2537A Filter Remember to Remember to
change membrane change membrane oftenoften
Model 2537A itself Model 2537A itself may become may become restrictiverestrictive
V2 or V3V2 or V3 CartridgesCartridges
Model 2537A FilterModel 2537A Filter Remember to Remember to
change membrane change membrane oftenoften
Model 2537A itself Model 2537A itself may become may become restrictiverestrictive
V2 or V3V2 or V3 CartridgesCartridges
15
1130 Can’t Maintain Flow1130 Can’t Maintain Flow
Sample path restrictionSample path restriction BPR set too highBPR set too high V2 is restrictiveV2 is restrictive
16
2537A Can’t Maintain Flow2537A Can’t Maintain Flow
PM can maintain flow but 2537A pump can’tPM can maintain flow but 2537A pump can’t
Excessive upstream (1130 & 1135) Excessive upstream (1130 & 1135) restrictionrestriction
There is such a high vacuum present at the There is such a high vacuum present at the Tee junction that 2537A can’t pump full flow Tee junction that 2537A can’t pump full flow against itagainst it
Reduce 2537A flowReduce 2537A flow Increase PM flowIncrease PM flow Remember to change factors!Remember to change factors!
2537A has become internally restrictive2537A has become internally restrictive
17
Impactor Cut Size vs. FlowImpactor Cut Size vs. Flow
Impactor cut size is dependent on Impactor cut size is dependent on actual volumetricactual volumetric flow at current temp flow at current temp & pressure& pressure
Model 1130 and 2537A regulate flow Model 1130 and 2537A regulate flow based on liters/min at 760 mmHg, based on liters/min at 760 mmHg, 0 0 °C°C
Good reason to lower pumping rate Good reason to lower pumping rate at high altitudesat high altitudes
Impactor cut size is dependent on Impactor cut size is dependent on actual volumetricactual volumetric flow at current temp flow at current temp & pressure& pressure
Model 1130 and 2537A regulate flow Model 1130 and 2537A regulate flow based on liters/min at 760 mmHg, based on liters/min at 760 mmHg, 0 0 °C°C
Good reason to lower pumping rate Good reason to lower pumping rate at high altitudesat high altitudes
18
Impactor Cut Size vs. FlowImpactor Cut Size vs. Flow
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
5 7 9 11 13 15
FLOW (alpm)
CU
T S
IZE
(d
p50
, um
)
19
Common Contamination PointsCommon Contamination Points
20
Restrictor(100 ml/min)
MFM-1
CNCNO
ParticulateFilterPacks
Back PressureRegulator(1-5 PSI)
BufferTank
ZeroScrubber
V2
500
75 40
Fan
CaseHeater
Zero Air (to Denuder Module)
Control & StatusSignals
ZeroScrubber(1st stage)
INLET
AirInlet
Vent
Heater &Temperature
SensorLeads Zero
Inlet
SampleInlet
PUMP MODULE
MODEL 2537AANALYZER
SamplePump
Control Cable
(Heated)
HEATED LINE
Interchangeable inlets: Impactor for ambient air or'Tee' piece for manifold
V1
Rev 2.40
50
MFM
CONTROLLER
ZeroOut
SampleIn
DenuderModuleControl
cable
NC C
NO
ZEROAIR
SAMPLEFILTER
SodalimeTrap
Zero Filter(providedwith 2537A)
man_pics\1135flow.dsf
600 40600
OvenCooling Fan
FritFilter
Wool
Dimples
QuartzChips
Pyrolyzer
ParticulateFilter
Teflon Union (90º)Tail
QuartzWool
OvenExhaust
CaseExhaust
Fan
SampleLine
CaseHeater
PARTICULATEMODULE
ControlConnector
ControlCable
GL14-GL18 Union
Model 1135
RGMMODULE
Model 1130Model 1130
Fan Fan
CaseExhaust
OvenExhaust
(Shown in Sampling Mode)
OvenCooling Fan
Contamination Contamination PointsPoints
????????
21
Contamination PointsContamination Points
Impactor inletImpactor inlet
Various SymptomsVarious Symptoms Dirty impactor Dirty impactor
surfaces may:surfaces may: Add or remove HgAdd or remove Hg00 or or
RGMRGM May not result in high May not result in high
zero areaszero areas
Impactor inletImpactor inlet
Various SymptomsVarious Symptoms Dirty impactor Dirty impactor
surfaces may:surfaces may: Add or remove HgAdd or remove Hg00 or or
RGMRGM May not result in high May not result in high
zero areaszero areas
Coupler: 1130-35Coupler: 1130-35
Very high readings on 3Very high readings on 3rdrd denuder heat cycledenuder heat cycle
Material may degas a Material may degas a lotlot of Hg when it gets of Hg when it gets hothot
Clean with methanolClean with methanol Vacuum ovenVacuum oven Also applies to 1130 Also applies to 1130
only systems (only systems (union & union & elbowelbow))
Coupler: 1130-35Coupler: 1130-35
Very high readings on 3Very high readings on 3rdrd denuder heat cycledenuder heat cycle
Material may degas a Material may degas a lotlot of Hg when it gets of Hg when it gets hothot
Clean with methanolClean with methanol Vacuum ovenVacuum oven Also applies to 1130 Also applies to 1130
only systems (only systems (union & union & elbowelbow))
22
Contamination PointsContamination Points
RPFRPF
Low HgLow Hg00 readings readings Dirty RPF may Dirty RPF may
scrub out scrub out elemental Hg elemental Hg when samplingwhen sampling
High zeros during High zeros during desorbdesorb
RPFRPF
Low HgLow Hg00 readings readings Dirty RPF may Dirty RPF may
scrub out scrub out elemental Hg elemental Hg when samplingwhen sampling
High zeros during High zeros during desorbdesorb
PyrolyzerPyrolyzer
High blanksHigh blanks Ensure that only Ensure that only
minimal quartz minimal quartz wool is usedwool is used
Should not extend Should not extend into tail areainto tail area
Tail isn’t heated hot Tail isn’t heated hot enough to ensure enough to ensure self cleaningself cleaning
PyrolyzerPyrolyzer
High blanksHigh blanks Ensure that only Ensure that only
minimal quartz minimal quartz wool is usedwool is used
Should not extend Should not extend into tail areainto tail area
Tail isn’t heated hot Tail isn’t heated hot enough to ensure enough to ensure self cleaningself cleaning
23
Contamination PointsContamination Points
¼” Coupling tubing¼” Coupling tubing
High BlanksHigh Blanks May receive May receive
depositsdeposits Particularly Particularly
noticeable with noticeable with Model 1130 onlyModel 1130 only
Volatilized KClVolatilized KCl
¼” Coupling tubing¼” Coupling tubing
High BlanksHigh Blanks May receive May receive
depositsdeposits Particularly Particularly
noticeable with noticeable with Model 1130 onlyModel 1130 only
Volatilized KClVolatilized KCl
Heated LineHeated Line
High Blanks & ??High Blanks & ?? Heated line may Heated line may
scavenge Hgscavenge Hg00
May be responsible for May be responsible for cartridge “skunking” cartridge “skunking” effect in some caseseffect in some cases
Clean line as part of Clean line as part of normal maintenance normal maintenance cyclecycle
Heated LineHeated Line
High Blanks & ??High Blanks & ?? Heated line may Heated line may
scavenge Hgscavenge Hg00
May be responsible for May be responsible for cartridge “skunking” cartridge “skunking” effect in some caseseffect in some cases
Clean line as part of Clean line as part of normal maintenance normal maintenance cyclecycle
24
Contamination PointsContamination Points
SodalimeSodalimeHigh BlanksHigh Blanks
Change often with Change often with fresh soda limefresh soda lime
Do not buy large Do not buy large containers of the soda containers of the soda limelime
Always keep tightly Always keep tightly sealed in dry areasealed in dry area
May also scavenge HgMay also scavenge Hg Preferably heated Preferably heated
above the dew point of above the dew point of sample airsample air
SodalimeSodalimeHigh BlanksHigh Blanks
Change often with Change often with fresh soda limefresh soda lime
Do not buy large Do not buy large containers of the soda containers of the soda limelime
Always keep tightly Always keep tightly sealed in dry areasealed in dry area
May also scavenge HgMay also scavenge Hg Preferably heated Preferably heated
above the dew point of above the dew point of sample airsample air
2537A Filter2537A Filter
High BlanksHigh Blanks Sample filter should Sample filter should
be replaced as part be replaced as part of normal of normal maintenance cyclemaintenance cycle
2537A Filter2537A Filter
High BlanksHigh Blanks Sample filter should Sample filter should
be replaced as part be replaced as part of normal of normal maintenance cyclemaintenance cycle
25
Contamination PointsContamination Points
Water in CanistersWater in CanistersHigh BlanksHigh Blanks
Problems can occur if canisters become Problems can occur if canisters become waterlogged. waterlogged. (TN-311)(TN-311) Only occurs if: Only occurs if:
Warm humid air outdoorsWarm humid air outdoors Air conditioning indoorsAir conditioning indoors
Condensation can actually cause corrosion of Condensation can actually cause corrosion of canisters!canisters!
Probably responsible for passivation after desorb Probably responsible for passivation after desorb cyclecycle
Use driest ambient air availableUse driest ambient air available Use air dryer if requiredUse air dryer if required
Water in CanistersWater in CanistersHigh BlanksHigh Blanks
Problems can occur if canisters become Problems can occur if canisters become waterlogged. waterlogged. (TN-311)(TN-311) Only occurs if: Only occurs if:
Warm humid air outdoorsWarm humid air outdoors Air conditioning indoorsAir conditioning indoors
Condensation can actually cause corrosion of Condensation can actually cause corrosion of canisters!canisters!
Probably responsible for passivation after desorb Probably responsible for passivation after desorb cyclecycle
Use driest ambient air availableUse driest ambient air available Use air dryer if requiredUse air dryer if required
26
Mechanical ProblemsMechanical Problems
27
Pump Hunts during DesorbPump Hunts during Desorb
Not a problem as long as zero air Not a problem as long as zero air keeps flowing to impactorkeeps flowing to impactor
Increase Zero flow setpointIncrease Zero flow setpoint Increase BPR settingIncrease BPR setting
28
Oven is Slow to HeatOven is Slow to Heat
Oven exhaust vent flapper is openOven exhaust vent flapper is open Ensure that flaps are free swinging and Ensure that flaps are free swinging and
are operating properlyare operating properly Ensure that 1130/35 are mounted Ensure that 1130/35 are mounted
perfectly upright!perfectly upright! Low line voltageLow line voltage
Get CVT (at least 1.5 kVA rating!) for Get CVT (at least 1.5 kVA rating!) for 1130 or 11351130 or 1135
Defective heaterDefective heater Check & replaceCheck & replace
29
GFI Trips - AGFI Trips - A
Moisture inside of caseMoisture inside of case Check & replace door sealCheck & replace door seal Check top access door of 1135Check top access door of 1135 Ensure mounting board is absolutely flat Ensure mounting board is absolutely flat
(Warped board may twist case)(Warped board may twist case)
Ensure door locks seal properlyEnsure door locks seal properly If blowing rain or snow is being sucked If blowing rain or snow is being sucked
in, you may need to cover case inlet in, you may need to cover case inlet ventvent
30
GFI Trips - BGFI Trips - B
Heater may be shortingHeater may be shorting Usually only a problem with earlier Usually only a problem with earlier
generation heatersgeneration heaters T/C may be shorting to heating coilsT/C may be shorting to heating coils Heating coils may be shorting to groundHeating coils may be shorting to ground Replace heaterReplace heater
31
Freezing of Zero Air LineFreezing of Zero Air Line
The only available solution here is to The only available solution here is to use dry outside air as zero air sourceuse dry outside air as zero air source
Even if the internal line was moved, Even if the internal line was moved, insulated, etc., the air would frost up insulated, etc., the air would frost up somewheresomewhere inside external zero air inside external zero air componentscomponents
Must purge zero canisters of Must purge zero canisters of moisture when moving them from moisture when moving them from temperate to arctic conditionstemperate to arctic conditions
32
Analytical ProblemsAnalytical Problems
33
Cartridges Skunked after Desorb - ACartridges Skunked after Desorb - A
Ensure sufficient line voltage to Ensure sufficient line voltage to analyzer (> 115 VAC/230 VAC)analyzer (> 115 VAC/230 VAC)
Check voltage to analyzer Check voltage to analyzer during during heatingheating
Use Voltage stabilizer or high quality / Use Voltage stabilizer or high quality / capacity UPScapacity UPS
Check heater screws (8) for tightnessCheck heater screws (8) for tightness
34
Cartridges Skunked after Desorb - BCartridges Skunked after Desorb - B
Add sodalime trap Add sodalime trap (TN-304)(TN-304)
Wet or corroded zero air canisters Wet or corroded zero air canisters (TN-311)(TN-311) Replace canister(s) periodicallyReplace canister(s) periodically Install 1130 plumbing fix Install 1130 plumbing fix (TN-313)(TN-313)
Purge with dry gas to dry interior fill materialPurge with dry gas to dry interior fill material Use driest available ambient air sourceUse driest available ambient air source Use gas drier (being evaluated by Tekran Aug, Use gas drier (being evaluated by Tekran Aug,
2004)2004)
Add Tenax trap Add Tenax trap (TN-310)(TN-310)
35
Sodalime problemsSodalime problems
Replace soda lime Replace soda lime May have batch that has gone badMay have batch that has gone bad
36
SummarySummary
These are the most common These are the most common problems that have been problems that have been experienced with the 1130/35 under experienced with the 1130/35 under field conditionsfield conditions
Appear to be resolvable in most Appear to be resolvable in most casescases
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