1 passive design for climate - tb-ipcp.co.za€¦ · presentation content this course has been...

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

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2012/07/19

Passive design for climate Building Design and Engineering Approaches to Airborne Infection Control

Dr. Dirk Conradie 19 June 2012 email: dconradi@csir.co.za

Presentation Content

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 2

• Aim of research • Precedent classifications • Köppen-Geiger classification • Integration of precedents • Climate change • Responsive design approaches

Aim of research (1)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 3

Aims • To design energy efficient buildings using the optimum combination of passive design strategies such as isolation, thermal mass and natural ventilation it is necessary to understand the particular climate very well. Methodology • An accurate climate classification was created (Köppen-Geiger) • Compared with precedent standards and climatic maps such as SAWS and SANS 204-2. • Available weather files investigated. • Quantified, scenario based climate change for R.S.A. investigated. • Appropriate response for climatic regions using Givoni-Milne.

Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Aim of research (2)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 4

Outcomes • First time that passive design strategy has been mapped to a Köppen classification. • Implication that weather change can be factored into synthetically created weather files. • Validity of weather files for predictive simulations can now readily be checked against Köppen classification.

Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Precedent climatic classifications (1)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 5 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

1. Northern Arid bushveld 2. Central Bushveld 3. Lowveld Bushveld 4. South-eastern Thornveld 5. Lowveld

Mountain Bushveld 6. Eastern Coastal Bushveld 7. KwaZulu-Natal Central Bushveld 8. Kalahari Bushveld 9.

Kalahari Hardveld Bushveld 10. Dry Highveld Grassland 11. Moist Highveld Grassland 12. Eastern Grassland

13. South-Eastern Cost Grassland 14. Eastern Mountain grassland 15. Alpine Heathland 16. Great and Upper

Karoo 17. Eastern Karoo 18. Little karoo 19. Western Karoo 20. West Coast 21. north-Western Desert 22.

Southern Cape Forest 23. South-western Cape 24. Southern Cape

Precedent climatic classifications (2)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 6 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Precedent climatic classifications (3)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 7 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Climatic classification (Protea Caffra) (1) 2012/07/19 8 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Climatic classification (2)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 9 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Climatic classification (3)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 10 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Köppen-Geiger 1931 map 2012/07/19 11 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Köppen-Geiger 1954 map 2012/07/19 12 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Köppen-Geiger map (CSIR 2010) 2012/07/19 13 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Pretoria climate 2012/07/19 14 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Bsk

Cwa

Cwb

Bsh

Western Cape (Boland) 2012/07/19 15 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Csb

Csa

Bsh

Bwk

Cfb

Bsk

Bsh

Climatic classification 2012/07/19 16 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Desciption Köppen-Geiger Classification

Area in km² Percentage (%)

Equatorial climates (0.2% of area)

Aw 2296.00 0.20

Arid climates (70.89% of area)

Bsh 192269.00 16.59

Bsk 275927.00 23.81

Bwh 188784.00 16.29

Bwk 164629.00 14.20

Warm temperate climates (28.91% of area)

Cfa 42918.00 3.70

Cfb 93405.00 8.06

Cfc 84.00 0.01

Csa 5120.00 0.44

Csb 18395.00 1.59

Cwa 31162.00 2.69

Cwb 140405.00 12.11

Cwc 3564.00 0.31

Total 1158958 100.00

Integration of precedents with CSIR work 2012/07/19 17 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Climate change (A1FI scenario) 2001 -2100

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 18 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Climate change (A1FI scenario) 2001 -2100 2012/07/19 19 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

A1 is a world with quick economic growth

and with a quick launch of new and

efficient technologies. A1FI is a fossil fuel

intensive scenario.

(Largest shifts)

B1 is a world without materialism and

the launch of clean technologies.

(Smallest shifts)

Climate change (A1FI scenario) 2001 -2100 2012/07/19 20 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

A1FI 2001-2025

A1FI 2026-2050

A1FI 2051-2075

A1FI 2076-2100

Responsive design approaches (Watson & Labs) Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Responsive design approaches (Olgyay chart) Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

300 ft/min (1.524 m/s) wind or 8 grains (1.144 g/kg) of moisture/ pound of air

1 grain = 64.79897 mg 1 grain of H2O per lbm = 0.143 grams of water per kg of dry air. 1 ft/min = 0.3048 m

Responsive design approaches (Givoni & Milne) 23

Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Responsive design approaches (Ecotect for Pretoria) Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Responsive design approaches

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 25 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Responsive design approaches (Wind Pretoria) 26

Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Responsive design approaches (Thermal mass vs. insulation)

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 27 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Annual space cooling demand in six cities in KWh (Tichaona Kumirai, 2011)

Responsive design approaches (Thermal mass vs. insulation)

2012/07/19 28 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

Annual space heating demand (KWh) (left) and space cooling demand (KWh) (right) in six regions (Tichaona Kumirai, 2011)

Some useful links

This course has been supported by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) through Centers for Disease Control &Prevention (CDC) under the terms of U2G/PS002710-02

2012/07/19 29 Aim of research, Precedent classifications, Köppen-Geiger, Integration, Climate change, Responsive design approaches

1) Climate Consultant 5: http://www.energy-design-tools.aud.ucla.edu/ 2) Munters Psychrometric chart: http://www.handsdownsoftware.com/ 3) Australian Your Home Technical Manual: http://www.yourhome.gov.au/technical/index.html 4) De Dear, R., Brager, G., Cooper, D. 1997. Developing an Adaptive Model of Thermal Comfort and Preference. Final Report ASHRAE RP-884.