1 mis, chapter 7 ©2014 cengage learning the internet, intranets, and extranets chapter 7 hossein...
Post on 11-Jan-2016
251 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
THE INTERNET, INTRANETS, AND EXTRANETS
CHAPTER 7
Hossein BIDGOLI
MIS
2MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
LO1 Describe the makeup of the Internet and World
Wide Web.
LO2 Discuss navigational tools, search engines, and directories.
LO3 Describe common Internet services.
LO4 Summarize widely used Web applications.
LO5 Explain the purpose of intranets.
l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s
3MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
LO6 Explain the purpose of extranets.
LO7 Summarize new trends in the Web 2.0 and 3.0 eras.
l e a r n i n g o u t c o m e s (cont’d.)
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
4MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web
• Internet– Worldwide collection of millions of computers
and networks– Derived from the term internetworking– No one actually owns or runs the Internet – Started in 1969 as a U.S. Department of
Defense project called Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
– Evolved into the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) in 1987
5MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)
• Internet backbone – Foundation network linked with fiber-optic
cables – Can support very high bandwidth
• Several private companies operate their own Internet backbones – Interconnect at network access points (NAPs)
• World Wide Web (WWW, or “the Web”) – Graphical interface to the largely text-based
Internet in 1989
6MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet and the World Wide Web (cont’d.)
• Hypermedia– Documents can include embedded references
to audio, text, images, video, and other documents
• Hypertext– Embedded references in hypermedia
documents – Links users can click to follow a particular
thread
7MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Domain Name System
• Domain names– Unique identifiers of computer or network
addresses on the Internet – IBM.com or whitehouse.gov
• Internet Protocol (IP) address– 208.77.188.166 – Assigned by the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
• Domain Name System (DNS)– Domain names are converted to IP addresses
8MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Domain Name System (cont’d.)
• Uniform resource locators (URLs)– Identify a Web page, the address of a
document or site on the Internet – Suffix indicating the top-level domain (TLD) it
belongs to
• TLD– Organizational (gTLDs)– Country-code (ccTLDs)
• Understand the parts of a URL – http://www.csub.edu/~hbidgoli/books.html
9MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Table 7.1 Generic Top-Level Domains
10MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
What Is HTML?
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Language used to create Web pages
• Structure for an HTML document:<HTML> <HEAD> (Enter the page’s description.) </HEAD> <BODY> (Enter the page’s content.) </BODY> </HTML>
11MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Types of Internet Connections
• Symmetric DSL (SDSL)– Up to 1.5 Mbps in both directions
• Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)– Upstream rates 3.5 Mbps– Downstream rates typically 24 Mbps
• Very High Speed DSL (VDSL)– Downstream/upstream transmission rate up to
100 Mbps over short distances
• T1 or T3 lines– Equivalent of 24 conventional telephone lines
12MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Navigational Tools, Search Engines, and Directories
• Navigational tools – Used to travel from site-to-site or to “surf” the
Internet
• Search engines – Allow you to look up information on the Internet by
entering keywords related to your topic of interest
• Directories – Indexes of information based on keywords in
documents – Allow search engines to find what you’re looking
for
13MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Navigational Tools
• Graphical Web browsers – Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox,
Google Chrome, and Apple Safari, and Opera – Menu options– View browsing history– Bookmarking– Setting viewing preferences
14MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Search Engines and Directories
• Search engine– Google.com, Bing.com or Ask.com– Information system that enables users to
retrieve data from the Web by using search terms
• Three step process– Crawling the Web– Indexing– Searching
15MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Search Engines and Directories (cont’d.)
• Directories– Organize information into categories – Types:
• Automated (crawler-based)• Human powered
• Crawler-based directories: based on index terms– Some search engines, in addition to their
index-term-based directory, offer directories based on popular categories
16MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Internet Services
• Most services made possible by the TCP suite of protocols:– Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Post Office Protocol (POP)
• Popular services– E-mail, newsgroups, discussion groups,
Internet Relay Chat, instant messaging, and Internet telephony
17MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
• One of the most widely used services on the Internet
• Main types– Web-based e-mail– Client-based e-mail
• E-mail programs include:– Folders for organization– Address books and distribution groups– Spell checkers– Delivery notification
18MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Newsgroups and Discussion Groups
• Discussion groups – Formed for people to exchange opinions and
ideas on a specific topic – Group members post messages or articles that
others in the group can read
• Newsgroups – Typically more general and can cover any topic – Allow people to get together for fun or for
business purposes
19MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Instant Messaging
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC) – Enables users in chat rooms to exchange text
messages with people in other locations in real time
• Instant messaging (IM) – Service for communicating with others via a
private “chat room” on the Internet– Many IM applications available: Windows
Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger, and Google Chat
20MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Internet Telephony
• Internet telephony – Using the Internet rather than the telephone
network to exchange spoken conversations
• Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)– Requires high-speed Internet connection and
microphone or headset – International and other long-distance calls are
much less expensive – Used to route traffic starting and ending at
conventional PSTN phones – Call quality has been improving
21MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Web Applications
• Services and products for a wide range of customers at more competitive prices and with increased convenience
• Can be used with minimum costs
22MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Tourism and Travel
• Travel Web sites allow customers to book tickets for plane trips and cruises, etc.
• InfoHub.com (http://infohub.com/)– Specialty travel offered
• Other examples of sites that offer all types of tourism and travel services:– Expedia.com, Travel.com, Travelocity. com,
Priceline.com, Hotels.com, Google.com/flights/, and Yahoo! Travel
23MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Publishing
• Major publishers in the United States and Europe offer Web sites with:– Descriptions of forthcoming books – Sample chapters– Online ordering– Search features
24MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Higher Education
• Most universities have Web sites offering:– Information about departments, programs,
faculty, and academic resources– Virtual tours of the campus
• Online degree programs – Possible for students who cannot attend school
otherwise to enroll in classes
25MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Real Estate
• Real estate Web sites – Provide millions of up-to-date listings of homes
• Buyers can – Review neighborhoods, schools, and real estate prices
• Customers can – Find realtors and brokerage firms and learn home-
buying tips
• Major real estate Web sites:– Remax (www.remax.com), Century 21
(www.century21.com), Prudential (www.prudential.com), and ERA (www.era. com).
26MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Employment
• Services available:– Expert advice and tools for managing your career – Resume assistance, tools for creating resumes – Job search tutorials – Posting and distributing resumes – Job alerts – Searches by company, industry, region, or
category – Announcements of job fairs – Career tests to see what career is right for you – Salary calculators
27MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Financial Institutions
• Online banking services • E-mail to communicate with customers
and send account statements and financial reports
• Helps banks reduce the time and costs of communicating via phone
• Consumer acceptance has been slow• Banking services available via the Internet
28MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Software Distribution
• Vendors distribute software on the Internet as well as drivers and patches – Antivirus updates– Fast, and easy to download
• Large programs not distributed via Internet
• Online copyright-protection schemes
29MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Healthcare
• Store patient records on the Internet – Accessible from one central location – Potential problems with information privacy,
accuracy, and currency
• Telemedicine– Enables medical professionals to conduct
remote consultation, diagnosis, and conferencing
• Telepresence surgery • Online prescription drugs
30MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Politics
• Most political candidates now make use of Web sites – Announcing platforms– Publicizing voting records– Notices of appearances and debates– Fundraising
• Possible use for legislators voting online– Security issues
31MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Intranets
• Network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies for collecting, storing, and disseminating useful information that supports business activities
• Also called corporate portals• For internal use by employees
– Many companies also allow trusted business partners to access their intranets
• Different from a LAN • Define and limit access carefully
32MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Table 7.2 The Internet versus Intranets
The Internet versus Intranets
33MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Applications of an Intranet
• Human resources management• Sales and marketing• Production and operations• Accounting and finance• Help organizations move from a calendar-
or schedule-based document-publishing strategy to one that’s based on events or needs – Reduce the costs and time of document
production
34MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Extranets
• Secure network – Uses the Internet and Web technologies to
connect intranets of business partners
• Type of interorganizational system (IOS)– Electronic funds transfer (EFT) – Electronic data interchange (EDI)
• DMZ– Refers to the demilitarized zone, an area of the
network that’s separate from the organization’s LAN
35MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Extranets (cont’d.)
• Advantages of extranets– Coordination– Feedback– Consumer satisfaction– Cost reduction– Expedited communication
36MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
New Trends: The Web 2.0 and 3.0 Eras
• Web 2.0– Trend of Web applications that are more
interactive than traditional Web applications – Collaboration or e-collaboration
• Web 3.0, “the Semantic Web” – Provides personalization that allows users to
access the Web more intelligently – Focuses on “intelligent” Web applications using
various applications of artificial intelligent technologies
37MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Table 7.4 Web 1.0 Versus Web 2.0
38MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Blogs
• Short for “Weblog”• Journal or newsletter that’s updated
frequently and intended for the general public
• Many sites offer free space for blogs and even include posting photos – Blogger.com
• Blogs on Web sites dedicated to a particular topic or organization – Updated with the latest news and views
39MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Wikis
• Allows users to add, delete, and sometimes modify content
• Online encyclopedia Wikipedia• Information user can also be an
information provider• Issue with quality of information• Wikis have caught on at many companies
40MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Social Networking Sites
• Broad class of Web sites and services that allow users to connect with friends, family, and colleagues online
• Popular social networking sites:– Facebook, Twitter
• LinkedIn: professional networking site– Popular for business use
• Twitter– Response or comment no longer than 140
characters
41MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
RSS Feeds
• “Really simple syndication”• Fast, easy way to distribute Web content in
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format• XML
– Flexible method for creating common formats for information
– Tags represent the kind of content being posted and transmitted
– Defines data with a context
42MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Podcasting
• Electronic audio file posted on the Web for users to download to their mobile devices
• Has a specific URL and is defined with an XML item tag
• Usually collected by an “aggregator”– iTunes or iPodder
• Users can subscribe to a podcast
43MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet2
• Collaborative effort involving more than 200 U.S. universities and corporations to develop advanced Internet technologies and applications – For higher education and academic research
• Gigapop– Local connection point-of-presence – Main function is the exchange of I2 traffic with a
specified bandwidth
• Relies on the NSFNET and MCI’s very high-speed backbone network service
44MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet2 (cont’d.)
• Applications of Internet2 include:– Learningware– Digital Library– Teleimmersion– Virtual laboratories
45MIS, Chapter 7
©2014 Cengage Learning
Chapter 7 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
Summary
• Overview and brief history of the Internet and the World Wide Web
• Navigational tools, search engines, directories
• Internet services– E-mail, newsgroups, and instant messaging
• Web applications and the service industry• Intranets and extranets• Web 2.0 and Web 3.0• Internet2
top related