1 izaskun astondoa pirotecnia astondoa,s.a.'s manager and afape's president guillermo...
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Izaskun AstondoaPirotecnia Astondoa,S.A.'s Manager andAFAPE's President
Guillermo Rodriguez-BronchúPIROVAL and AFAPE's Manager
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Consumer fireworks of categories 1, 2 and 3 are those small firework items intended for personal use and which can be purchased over-the counter in many states.
The retail value of fireworks in Spain is about €100m and has grown steadily over the last years.
This activity is, normally, more supervised and regulated than manufacture or storage because all countries want to guarantee the proper and safe functioning of fireworks.
Introduction
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Pyrotechnics Directive
With the advent of the common market in 1993, the EC started preparing for a proposed Pyrotechnics Directive. Previosly, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) was in hand on the preparation of a series of standards for individual types of fireworks.
There were obvious differences between the countries present in the committee.
29 standards has been published, 7 more has been withdrawn due to no interests of more than 3 members or due to safety reasons.
The last time the committee hold a meeting was in 2005.
Introduction
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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The availability of fireworks to consumers varies among European countries.
Policies and legislation control their sale and use, the types of fireworks legally available, quantities consumed and the times when they are set off, reflecting the historical-cultural differences that exist between member sates.
In this paper we would like to compare the current situation of countries. There are profound differences between north-european and Mediterranean countries, e.g. where the north-european countries consider noise as an inconvenience and limit the sound level of the fireworks or restrict their use, but south european countries try to make compatible traditions with a sensible use of them. We will compare the following countries: United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands and Spain.
Pyrotechnics Directive
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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1. Policies Analysis
Regulated by the Explosives Act 1875 and the Explosives (Age of Purchase) Act 1976. The Fireworks Act 1951 (containing powers to order the destruction of any fireworks
considered to be dangerous when in the possession of the public). The Fireworks (Safety) Regulations 1986 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987 . Local Authority Trading Standard Officers have the authority under the Consumer
Protection Act to test fireworks for safety in the hands of consumers. Bristish Standard BS 7114 issued in 1988 covers the classification, specification,
labelling, and methods for testing fireworks. The Fireworks Act 2003, Fireworks Regulations 2004 (amendment), Fireworks
Regulations (Safety) 1997 (amendment).
United Kingdom
Belgium
Fireworks legislation is laid down by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Explosives Department, Article 265, 7 03.09.58 updated 07.01.66, list of permitted fireworks 03.11.58, explosives fireworks definition 26.01.66..
The sale and use of fireworks is governed by the Statutory Order of Parliament 24th May 1972, and the recent amendment by the Statutory Order of 23rd October 1992.
Denmark
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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France
The sale and use of fireworks is covered by Decree nº 90-897 1 October 1990.
Germany
The sale and use of fireworks in Germany is governed by the law on explosives, issued by the Ministry of the Interior.
Netherlands
The sale and use of fireworks is governed by the Fireworks Law 2002; regulation further requirements consumer fireworks 2004
Spain
The basic law is the Explosives Law (Reglamento de Explosivos RD 230/1998) which lists requirements for manufacture, classification and transport, as well as sale.
1. Policies
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Classification Characteristics Comments
1. N
2. E . Data not available
1. Category 1
“Indoor”
Suitable for use inside domestic buildings
2. Category 2 “Garden”
Suitable for outdoor use in relatively confined areas
• Safety distance 5m.• Debris less than 3m
3. Category 3 “Display”
Suitable for outdoor use in large open spaces
• Safety distance 25m.• Debris less than 20m• Sound level (23h– 7h) 120 dB (AI)
2. Classification
United Kingdom
Belgium
1. Normal Available to the public.
2. Display Require special permission from the local authority.
• Require professional pyrotechnicians for shells greater than 50mm (diameter).
Denmark
France
1. Group K1 Minimum risk.
2. Group K2 Firing instructions must be available
3. Group K3 Medium risk fireworks Clear instructions must be adhered to
Sound pressure level < 161dB (lin)
Fuse burning shall be 3,0s to 6,0s
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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2. Classification
Germany
1. Class 1
“Toy Fireworks”
• Max of 3g net explosive content • Max height up to 20cm• Max of 2,5mg of silver fulminate or 0,5g of collodion
cotton (with no more than 12,6% of nitro cellulose) • Max noise level of 120 dB (AI) at a distance of
0,5m.
2. Class 2
“Small Fireworks”
• Max of 50g net explosive content (single item). Batteries and combinations 200g (with second fuse)
Fireworks with a report • Max of 6g of black powder; rockets may content up
to 20g (explosive content <10g)
• Max noise level of 120 dB (AI) at a distance of 8m.• No debris >8m
Classification Characteristics Comments
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Netherlands
Spain
The classification will mostly be the UN, Fireworks, 47, 1.4 according to ADR legislation.
Sound pressure 153 dB (lin)
2. Classification
Classification Characteristics Comments
• Class 1 •Very low risk; suitable for indoor and outdoor use in relatively confined areas • Fuse burning shall be 2,0s to 12,0s
• Not sound level limit
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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• Clase 2 • Low risk; suitable for outdoor use in relatively confined areas.
• Flash bangers (max 0,5g nec)
• Rockets max 40g nec (report 5g)
• Fuse burning shall be 3,0s to 12,0s (either
friction or flame ignition)
• Not sound level limit
• Clase 3 • Medium risk; suitable for outdoor use in large open spaces
• Flash bangers (max 3g nec)
• Rockets max 250g nec (report 20g)
• Fuse burning shall be 3,0s to 12,0s (either
friction or flame ignition)
• Not sound level limit
Spain
2. Classification
Classification Characteristics Comments
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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3. Sale and Use
United Kingdom
Belgium
Sale and Use Comments
Voluntarily restricted to:
November 5th (October 15th to November 10th).
New Year’s Eve (December 26 to 31)
Chinese New Year (and three more days).
Diwali (and three more days).
However, and for private use, fireworks may be purchased direct from the manufacturers throughout the year or retails outlets (categories 1-3).
July 21st, New Year’s Eve and Private Use.
Denmark
France
New Year’s Eve.
On sale all year around.
Class 1 : all year around.
Class 2: December 29th to 31st.
Class 3:
Set off between 6pm(31st) and 6am (January 1st).
Private use require local council approval .
Organised displays.
Germany
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Sell to consumers only on 29th, 30th and 31st of december (working days). Class 1 all year around
Consumers are allowed to use fireworks only on 31th december and 1st of january (10am-2am).
3. Sale and Use
Sale and Use Comments
Netherlands
Spain
Fireworks are mostly used during summer months .
Special dates 19th march (San José), 24th june (San Juan), New years Eve.
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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UK Belgium France Germany Netherlands SpainDenmark
4. Age Restrictions
10
12
14
16
18
20
Age
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5. Prohibitions
• Fireworks of erratic flight• Mini rockets• Report batteries• Report combinations• Flash bangers
United KingdomBelgium
Denmark
Germany
• Roman candles >12mm.• Shells >30g nec.• Bangers with more than 2g of black powder.
• Rocket> 400g weight, and head of 60mm.• Hand-held fireworks• Friction ignited fireworks• Fireworks of erratic flight• Report fireworks
Netherlands Spain
• Nec > 200g• Fireworks without an external visibly burning fuse• Fuse burning not between 3,0s to 6,0s
• Friction bangers• Flash bangers
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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6. Special safety measures
Denmark
France
• Some fireworks (heksehyl) must have a green safety fuse.
• Large fireworks articles (>150g) must have firing instructions
K1• No confusion with toys or food
K2 • Min height for shells and rockets 12m
K3 • Min height for shells and rockets 20m
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Part
3 Aerial wheels
4 Bangers and banger batteries
6 Bengal flames
7 Bengal matches
8 Bengal sticks
9 Crackling granules
10 Double bangers
12 Flash bangers and batteries
13 Flash pellets
15 Fountain
17 Ground spinner
Published Standards
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) 1993-2005
Part
18 Hand-held fountains
19 Hand-held sparklers
20 Jumping crackers
22 Mines
23 Non-hand-held sparklers
24 Novelty matches
27 Rockets
28 Roman Candles
29 Serpents
34 Table bombs
35 Throwdowns
36 Wheels
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Due to: (a) no interests of more than 3 members. (b) safety reasons
Part
11 Electric igniters
14 Flying squibs
16 Friction ignited flash bangers
26 Percussion caps
30 Shells
32 Snaps
37 Whistlers
Withdrawn standards
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Part
4 Banger and banger batteries
12 Flash banger and fb batteries
15 Fountains
19 Hand held sparklers
23 Non-hand-held sparklers
27 Rockets
34 Table bombs
A-deviations
6
1
Published standards
6
2
1
4
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Conclusions
The harmonisation of basic safety requirements for certain types of pyrotechnic articles, as well as for all those that can be used by non-specialist end users, would imply a high degree of safety in the use of these articles. However, the draft of the directive fails to comply with the fundamental
requirement regarding the free circulation for goods in the internal market.
This will result in articles with CE marking that comply with minimum safety requirements, in an internal market of free circulation, but which will be impossible to commercialise or use in northern European countries.
We will be able to manufacture products that are safe but undesirable in some countries and yet, these products are manufactured in countries of the Mediterranean region, Italy, Portugal and
Spain.
Europe Normalization: Utopía?
9th International Symposium on Fireworks Berlín, Germany April 3-7, 2006.
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Thank you very much !We apology for all the mistakes you may have found in this paper
Izaskun Astondoaizaskun@astondoapiroteknia.com
Guillermo Rodríguez-Bronchúcontacto@afape.org.es
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