1 geothermal heat pumps a - z session 1 understanding geothermal heat pumps and their value to...

1

Geothermal Heat Pumps A - ZSession 1

Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities

2012 Illinois Geothermal ConferencePeoria, IL

February 28, 2012

Paul BonyDirector Of Residential Market Development

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster

2

Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP)

Subjects to be covered• The history of GSHP• How GSHPs Work• Why GSHPs are of Value to Electric

Utilities

ClimateMaster

3

Earth Energy – It’s Not New

• Earth energy system was first patented in Switzerland in 1912

• Residential system installed in Canada in 1950

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

ClimateMaster

4

Heat Pump Systems are ReliableMr. Bill Loosley installed geothermal system in his home in Burlington, ON in 1950

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergyClimateMaster

5

Mr. Loosley’s System:

Belt drive compressor

Air coil in old oil furnace

Desuperheater added to hot water

tankCourtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

ClimateMaster

6

Heat Pump Systems are Reliable

Compressor was initially powered by hand crank diesel motor… changed to electric motor (still being used!!) in 1953 when his wife couldn’t start it.

Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

ClimateMaster

7

GSHP Basics

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster8

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water

using proven technology…

… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective

space-conditioning system”(according to U.S. EPA 1993)

9

Geothermal System Components

• Heat pump• Ground loop

ClimateMaster

10

Heat Pumps Are All Around Us

Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside

Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen

HEAT

BB

B

HEAT

ClimateMaster

11

Heat Pump Components

Compressor Refrigerant reversing valve Fluid heat exchanger – ground loop (Coax) Metering device – TXV Air heat exchanger – air coil Electrical Controls

ClimateMaster

12

Option

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster13

Simple Concept

Water moves energy better than air does Water in the ground provides renewable energy

13

Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment

14

47% of the solar energy falling on our planet is absorbed by the Earth’s surface…

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster15

… maintaining a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground

16

Earth is a better Energy Source

ClimateMaster

17

The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter…

Outdoor air design temperature:-5°F72°F

50°F

A geothermal heat pump transfers underground heat into the building to provide heating

ClimateMaster

18

…and an Efficient Place to Reject or Store Heat in Summer…

Outdoor air design temperature:95°F74°F

50°F

A geothermal heat pump transfers heat from the building into the ground to provide cooling

ClimateMaster

…using Heat Pump Technology

ClimateMaster19

Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth

20

Geothermal System Components

Ground loopThree basic designs

Horizontal

Open Loop

Vertical

ClimateMaster

21

Vertical Closed-Loop Installation

DrillingPipe LoopInsertion

Heat Fusing

InsideConnection

ClimateMaster

22

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency

1 unit of energy from the grid

Plus:3-5 units of “free” energyfrom the earth

Yields:4-6 units of energy for the building

400-600% Efficient ClimateMaster

24

Geothermal Equipment

• The equipment keeps getting better• “COP’s” (% efficiency) are reaching 5 (500%)• Hybrid units can greatly reduce installation costs

• Fits load control and peak time pricing • Can be tied to a gas furnace for load control• Water to water units can support thermal storage

for expanded peak clipping

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster 25

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Self-containedheating, cooling and hot water

ClimateMaster26

Geothermal Heat Pumpsare one of the Most Effective

and Deployable Technologies…

… producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies

(EPA, 1993)

ClimateMaster27

ClimateMaster28

“Ground Source Heat Pumps offer the greatest potential for

energy efficiency of any existing technology”

(EPRI Dec 2009)

ClimateMaster29

Buildings Dominate U.S. Energy Use and Carbon Emissionswith Heating, Cooling, and Water Heating being the Largest Contributors

Thermal Loads

Heating 9.2%

Cooling 4.3%

Hot Water 3.8%

Total 17.3%

~ 20% of all U.S. Carbon Emissions

ClimateMaster30

HVAC Energy Use ComparisonsReduces energy consumption by 50%

Conventional HVAC - Home

Geothermal HVAC - Home

ClimateMaster31

Ordinary Furnace Efficiency

5 - 30% of Energy Lost (unusable energy)

To Outdoors Through the Chimney

Only 70 - 95% of Energy Purchased Gets Into the Home

(usable energy)

1 Unit

Of Fuel Used To

Generate Heat

(Purchased)

ClimateMaster32

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency

1 unit of energy from the grid

Plus:3-5 units of “free” energyfrom the earth

Yields:4-6 units of energy for the building

400-600% Efficient

ClimateMaster 33

Geothermal Heat Pumps

Demonstrated Residential Savings…

1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home

Energy Savings - Residential

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

kWh

per

M2

Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07 Jul-07 Aug-07 Sep-07 Oct-07 Nov-07 Dec-07

Geothermal Gas Furnace w A/C

ClimateMaster 34

Habitat for HumanityHabitat for HumanityAverage of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007

47% Site Energy Savings47% Site Energy Savings

ClimateMaster35

Demand Impacts

Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE)

Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER

Residential (Electric Program)• Over 10 million residential consumers• Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation• 10,000 MW demand reduction

ClimateMaster36

Demand Impacts

GHP SummarykW/ton at 85 F Outside Air Temperature

EER GHP

#1

GHP

#2

GHP

#3

Average *Difference vs13 SEER AC

15.1 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.85 0.45

16 0.85 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.48

17 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.52

*Assumes 13 SEER AC at 105° F outside air temperature is about 1.3 kW/tonGHP EER of 15.1 is our minimum standard for rebate

GHPValue.5 kW/ton

ClimateMaster37

Demand Impacts

ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers.

Austin TX model results

ClimateMaster38

Demand Impacts

4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado

Avg. of 2.1kw savings

ClimateMaster 39

Energy Savings - Commercial

Demonstrated Commercial Buildings Savings

ClimateMaster40

A Tale of Two Buildings

Palo Alto, CA Oklahoma City, OK

PROJECT RESULTS FROM:PROJECT RESULTS FROM:

A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs.

Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings.

ClimateMaster41

Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings

Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987

Conventional Roof Top VAV Building

GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in 1997

40 boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe

16 Ceiling Mounted Units

ClimateMaster42-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

kB

tu p

er

Sq

uare

Fo

ot

VAV System Geothermal

Total

Electricity

Gas

Garrett Office BuildingsActual Metered Annual Energy Use

2006-2007

47% Site Energy Savings47% Site Energy Savings

ClimateMaster43

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06 Jan-07 Feb-07 Mar-07 Apr-07 May-07 Jun-07

Watt

s p

er

Sq

uare

Fo

ot

VAV System

Geothermal

Garrett Office BuildingsMonthly Peak Demand 2006-2007

35% Peak Demand Reduction35% Peak Demand Reduction

ClimateMaster44

Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average)

ClimateMaster45

Palo Alto, California Buildings

ClimateMaster46

2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings

Two Stories

10,000 sq ft each

Built in the 1960s

ClimateMaster47

Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs

construction

ClimateMaster48

Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/06

ClimateMaster49

Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk - 1994

Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62)ORNL/CON-460 @ www.ornl.gov/sci/ees/etsd/btric/ground-source.shtml

Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)

Buried phone line to nearest pedestal

Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter

New recording watt meter, modem,

and phone line

To recorder

Army’s existing meter

ClimateMaster50

Geothermal Heat Pumps

The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings.

300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!)

ClimateMaster51

Tri State Market

Kansas City, MO Vs. Louisville, KY

Kansas City– 4,750 heating degree days– 1,325 cooling degree days

Louisville– 4,610 Heating degree days– 1,443 cooling degree days

ClimateMaster52

Tri State Market

US DOE Build America model home– 2,400 sq. feet– 6 tons of heating & cooling– Gas water heater

GSHP with Desuperheater (TTS) Vs. Packaged Single Zone Unit with Gas

Furnace – 10 SEER central AC– 78 AFUE gas furnace

ClimateMaster53

Tri State Market

Electric (kWh) Geo ConventionalSpace Cool 2,392 6,389 Heat Reject. - - Refrigeration - - Space Heat 6,489 - HP Supp. - - Hot Water - - Vent. Fans 3,110 832 Pumps & Aux. 1,510 - Ext. Usage - - Misc. Equip. 9,770 9,770 Task Lights - - Area Lights 2,643 2,643 Total 25,913 19,634

ClimateMaster54

Tri State Market

Gas (kBtu) Geo Conventional

Space Cool - - Heat Reject. - - Refrigeration - - Space Heat - 174,696 HP Supp. - - Hot Water 4,273 17,523 Vent. Fans - - Pumps & Aux. - - Ext. Usage - - Misc. Equip. 2,753 2,753 Task Lights - - Area Lights - - Total 7,025 194,972

ClimateMaster55

Tri State Market

Combined Electric & gas savings (site Btu)– Geo

25,913 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 88,441,069 Btu 7,025,000 gas Btus 95,466,069 annual Btus

– Conventional gas & AC 19,634 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 67,010842 Btu 194,972,000 gas Btus 261,982,842 annual Btus

63.6 % annual savings – site Btu

ClimateMaster56

Tri State Market

Electric Demand (kW) Geo Conventional

Space Cool 3.1 7.6Heat Reject. 0.0 0.0Refrigeration 0.0 0.0Space Heat 0.0 0.0HP Supp. 0.0 0.0Hot Water 0.0 0.0Vent. Fans 0.7 0.4Pumps & Aux. 0.2 0.0Ext. Usage 0.0 0.0Misc. Equip. 1.8 1.8Task Lights 0.0 0.0Area Lights 0.1 0.1Summer peak 5.9 9.8

4.5 kW /.8 kW/ton

4kW/.7 kW per ton

40% peak demand reduction

ClimateMaster57

Tri State Market

GSHP with Desuperheater HVAC System AC & Gas FurnacePeak Time Max kw Peak Time Max kw

1/4/10 19:00 7.74 1/4/10 19:00 3.082/20/10 23:00 7.56 2/20/10 20:00 2.913/25/10 22:00 7.17 3/25/10 21:00 2.754/1/10 22:00 5.42 4/28/10 18:00 7.06

5/17/10 18:00 4.30 5/17/10 18:00 6.776/27/10 18:00 5.34 6/27/10 18:00 8.437/19/10 18:00 5.80 7/23/10 18:00 9.258/5/10 18:00 5.86 8/4/10 18:00 9.85

9/25/10 18:00 4.59 9/25/10 18:00 7.0510/14/10 18:00 4.85 10/14/10 18:00 7.7011/28/10 19:00 6.16 11/28/10 19:00 2.9912/17/10 20:00 8.18 12/17/10 19:00 3.17

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Different Peak Time

ClimateMaster58

Tri State Market

ClimateMaster59

Tri State Market

GSHP with Desuperheater Gas Furnace & ACPeak Time Max kw Peak Time Max kw

1/4/10 19:00 7.74 1/4/10 19:00 3.082/20/10 20:00 7.38 2/20/10 20:00 2.913/25/10 21:00 7.17 3/25/10 21:00 2.754/28/10 18:00 4.44 4/28/10 18:00 7.065/17/10 18:00 4.11 5/17/10 18:00 6.776/27/10 18:00 4.99 6/27/10 18:00 8.437/23/10 18:00 5.48 7/23/10 18:00 9.258/4/10 18:00 5.61 8/4/10 18:00 9.85

9/25/10 18:00 4.14 9/25/10 18:00 7.0510/14/10 18:00 4.53 10/14/10 18:00 7.7011/28/10 19:00 6.16 11/28/10 19:00 2.9912/17/10 19:00 8.07 12/17/10 19:00 3.17

Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time

ClimateMaster60

Tri State Market

ClimateMaster61

Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005

Gas – 13.1millionElectric – 1.3 millionPropane – 1.1 millionHeat Pump – 800kOil – 700kOther – 700k

Gas – 5.3 millionElectric – 1.0 millionPropane – 800kHeat Pump – 400kOil – 200kOther – 200k

Gas – 5.7 millionElectric – 4.3 millionPropane – 800kHeat Pump – 900kOther – 400k

EIA 2005 ResidentialEnergy Consumption Survey

ClimateMaster62

Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential

CO2 – 10.0 MMTSummer Peak – 1.9 GWWinter Peak– 0.3 GWElectric – 6.8 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.14 quad Btu

Geo Units – 1.0 millionCost - $10 to $14 billionSavings - $2.7 billion / yr

Assumed Market Penetration:25% of homes without access to natural gas

CO2 – 8.4 MMTSummer Peak – 1.2 GWWinter Peak– 0.8 GWElectric – 6.3 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.12 quad Btu

Geo Units – 0.6 millionCost - $6 to $8 billionSavings - $1.6 billion / yr

CO2 – 14.4 MMTSummer Peak – 3.1 GWWinter Peak– 9.7 GWElectric – 25.4 Billion kWhPrimary – 0.21 quad Btu

Geo Units – 1.5 millionCost - $15 to $21 billionSavings - $3.3 billion / yr

ClimateMaster63

Geothermal Heat Pumpsare the Most Efficient way to convert

Green Energy into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating

Making the most effective use of this precious resource

No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating

ClimateMaster65

The payback on Geothermal Systemsis many times faster

than solar PV

But….Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required

66

Market Growth

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster 67

0,000

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09

North American Geothermal Industry Shipments

Single Family Residential - 63% of Total

Continued Growth Despite a Slow Economy

68

GHP Market Growth

Since their introduction in the 1980’s, over 1.5 million geothermal heat pumps have been

installed in the united states

ClimateMaster

69

Geothermal Heat PumpDOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal

1 Million GHPs Annually by 2017 (39% CAGR)

Results in 3.3 million cumulative GHP installations by 2017 26 MMT annual CO2 reduction 520 MMT lifecycle CO2 reduction over 20 yr GHP life

Creates 100,000 new jobs

Conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually

ClimateMaster

70

Why All the Interest?

ClimateMaster

ClimateMaster71

Proven Technology •Millions of units installed world-wide in commercial and residential applications

Most Energy-Efficient and EnvironmentallyFriendly HVAC System Widely Available

•Water is a better heat transfer medium than air•Heat exchange loops tap the renewable energy of the Earth

ClimateMaster72

No Fossil Fuel•Improves safety•Eliminates service lines, flues, outside air intakes•No site emissions

Long Equipment Life•Factory sealed systems•Indoor installation – no exposure to the elements•Moderate compressor loading vs. air-source systems

Self Contained Compact Units•Hidden within attics or installed in closets

•No vandalism or theft concerns•Up-flow, horizontal, or down-flow single-package units•Split system and water-to-water units available

•If outdoors •Better aesthetics•No noise

ClimateMaster73

Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump is Equivalent to

Planting an Acre of Trees

ClimateMaster74

The payback on Geothermal Systemsis many times faster

than solar PV

ClimateMaster75

Geothermal Systems can be Classified as:

SolarGeothermalRenewableAlternative

Demand-SideConservation

Energy-EfficiencyZero-Ozone Depleting

Environmentally Responsible

76

Heat Pump Energy EfficiencyTake -aways

• Geothermal is the most efficient method of heating and cooling a home

• Geothermal is both a renewable and energy efficient technology

• Geothermal reduces utility peaks and improves load factor

• There is no question – IT DOES WORK!

ClimateMaster

77

Thank You For Your Attention!Questions?

Paul Bony

paulsbony@yahoo.com

970-249-8476

If you ever need a hand you can reach me at:

ClimateMaster