1. editing
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What is Editing?
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Editing refers to how shots are put
together to make up a film.
The selecting and joining together of
shots in the way they will appear on
the screen. The work progresses
from assembly to rough cut and thenfine cut, at which point the sound
editor is usually brought in.
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The process of arranging,
assembly or excluding images
text and sound to produce acompleted media product.
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EDITOR HAS FOURMAJOR SENSES:
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A person who obtains or improves
material for a publication.
A person, responsible for themaking decisions about shots,
continuity (content and action) and
giving the final shape to the film.
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A sound editor, a person
responsible for the flow and choice
of music, voice and sound effects
and recording.
A computer programme that is
used by humans to efficiently make
changes to files of a particular type.
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FOUR CATEGORIES OFEDITING:
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I. Chronological Editing
This type of editing follows the
logic of a chronological narrative,and it is very close to continuity
editing. One event follows
naturally on from another.
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Time and space are logically and
unproblematically represented.
Beginnings and endings of
sequences are clearly demarcated.In the end of a sequence safely
indicates where and when the
narrative will get picked up in thefollowing sequence.
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This type of editing is mostly associated
with classical Hollywood cinema and isone which produces a very linear text.
This linearity or chronological ordergets broken only when there is a
flashback or a cross-cutting to a parallel
sequence.
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II. Cross-Editing/Cutting:
Cutting between different sets
of action that can be occurring
simultaneously or at different
times.
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IIa. Parallel Editing/Cutting:
In this style of editing two actions
happen simultaneously at two
different place but at same time.
Different
Actions
Same
Time
Different
Places
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Parallel editing helps in building up
suspense. It also emphasize on therelationship of characters, action and
time and also how a story progress by
revealing suspense.
Parallel editing is such a tool which
helps editor in locking up the tensionand suspense which result in audience
excitement.
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Though, parallel technique of
editing or cutting is almost similar tocross cutting (cutting back and
forth), but to achieve parallel editing
one needs to do lot of planning.
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SCENE 1 SCENE 2
Shot 1
Shot 3
Shot 6
Shot 4
Shot 2
Shot 5
Shot 9
Shot 7 Shot 8
Shot 10
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III. Deep Focus Editing:
The technique of deep focus isdependent on a wide depth of field.
With deep focus all planes within the
lenss focus are in sharp focus thusbackground and foreground are both
in focus. Deep focus is a technique
which uses fast wide angle lensesand fast film to preserve as much
depth of field as possible.
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Orson Welles who is credited as the first
to use the effect in Citizen Kane (1941).
Andr Bazin was the first to qualify thistype of editing as objective realism.
Shooting in deep focus means that less
cutting within a sequence. So the
spectator is less manipulated and more
free to read the set the set of shots.
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IV. Montage:
Montage editing came out of the soviet
experimental cinema of the 1920s. it
was Lev Kuleshov who first thought ofthe concept of montage. But it is
primarily associated with Sergei
Eisenstein director of Strike,BattleShip Potemkin and October.
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Eisenstein adapted Kuleshovs
fundamental theory that collision orconflict must be inherent to all
visual signs (semilogy) in film.
Juxtaposing shots makes themcollide and it is from the collision
that meaning is produced.
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Principles of Montage:
Fast editing and unusual camera
angles.
Is a rapid alternation between sets
of shots whose signification occursat the point of their collision.
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His editing style indicated a
privileging of the image over
narrative and characterization.Montage creates a third meaning
through the collision of two
images.
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