1 directorate-general energy and transport / air transport directorate market opening &...
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1Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Market Opening & Corollary issuesTowards a Common Aviation Area
EUROMED AVIATION PROJECTAIR TRANSPORT SEMINAR
Amman (Jordan), 17–18 October 2007
2Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Euro Mediterranean Aviation Agreements
Areas of cooperation Areas of cooperation
under a possible EUROMED global under a possible EUROMED global aviation agreementaviation agreement
3Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Economic regulationEconomic regulation
Traffic rights:Traffic rights:- First and second - First and second
- Third and fourth- Third and fourth- Fifth- Fifth- Other rights?- Other rights?
Scheduled/Non-ScheduledScheduled/Non-ScheduledPassenger/cargoPassenger/cargo
4Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Ownership and control: Ownership and control: increased possibilities for increased possibilities for investment in air carriersinvestment in air carriers
Economic regulationEconomic regulation
5Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Competition Competition - Mergers- Anti-trust- Exemption of airline alliances
• State aidState aid - Regulatory convergence: principles,
procedures, consultation- Security costs
Economic RegulationEconomic Regulation
6Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Highest possible standardsHighest possible standards
• Mutual recognition (certificates, Mutual recognition (certificates, crew licences, maintenance)crew licences, maintenance)
• Exchange of data on Exchange of data on accidents/incidents/SAFAaccidents/incidents/SAFA
Aviation SafetyAviation Safety
7Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Cooperation with EASACooperation with EASA
• List of unsafe airlinesList of unsafe airlines
Aviation SafetyAviation Safety
8Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Regulatory convergenceRegulatory convergence
• Eventually Mutual recognition Eventually Mutual recognition leading toleading to „one-stop” security „one-stop” security
• Cooperation in developing Cooperation in developing technology and researchtechnology and research
• Cooperation towards other Cooperation towards other countriescountries
Aviation SecurityAviation Security
9Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• Single Sky frameworkSingle Sky framework
• Single Sky CommitteeSingle Sky Committee
• Functional Airspace BlockFunctional Airspace Block
• InteroperabilityInteroperability
• EurocontrolEurocontrol
Air Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management
10Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
• SESARSESAR
• MaintenanceMaintenance
• ResearchResearch
Industrial cooperationIndustrial cooperation
11Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
International organisationsInternational organisations
Cooperation in international Cooperation in international organisationsorganisations
ICAO: safety, security, economic ICAO: safety, security, economic regulation, cooperation projects etc.regulation, cooperation projects etc.
ECACECAC
WTOWTO
etc.etc.
12Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Phased approach Duration and milestones agreed by the
Parties Agreed Calendar must be complied with
(phases are not optional)(phases are not optional) Safeguard clausesSafeguard clauses
Phases
13Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Technical co-operation important:Ensure level playing fieldPromote common high regulatory standardsEU industrial interests – all EU stakeholders should
work together (as “EU Inc.”) Technical co-operation/assistance should:
Drive and support general policySupport regulatory convergence and removal of
obstacles ATM, safety, security, “doing business”, airports
Lead towards mutual recognition of practices and standards
Technical Co-Operation An Important Tool
14Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Corollary Issues
Other Areas of cooperation Other Areas of cooperation
15Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
10 years after the full entry into force of the “third package”, the Commission wished to take stock of the application of the package.
Some measures have become obsolete, while others are poorly applied or need to be clarified.
Simplify and consolidate legislation. Ensure homogeneous application of Community
legislation, especially with regard to the monitoring of the operating licence.
Ensure consistency between the internal aviation market and its external dimension.
Revision of the “Third Package”
16Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Proposal presented 18th July 2006
Council General Approach adopted 8th June 2007
European Parliament first lecture 11th July 2007
Proposal still under discussion
Revision of the “Third Package”
17Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
General Principle: freedom to combine air-services or General Principle: freedom to combine air-services or to enter into code-share arrangementsto enter into code-share arrangements
But under a strict principle of reciprocity: Member But under a strict principle of reciprocity: Member States can introduce restrictions if carriers licenced States can introduce restrictions if carriers licenced by them have no access to similar commercial by them have no access to similar commercial opportunitiesopportunities
Rev. 3rd Package:Code-sharing
18Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Community air carriers should not be "excessively Community air carriers should not be "excessively dependent on using wet-leased aircraft".dependent on using wet-leased aircraft".
Lease agreements subject to prior approval by the Lease agreements subject to prior approval by the national civil aviation authority. national civil aviation authority.
Wet-leasing aircraft registered in a third county, Wet-leasing aircraft registered in a third county, conditions:conditions: a) meeting safety standards equivalent to Community and
national requirements; b) Three possibilities:
exceptional economic needs (7 months renewable once), seasonal capacity needs (renewable without restrictions), or operational problems (approval may be granted for limited duration).
Rev. 3rd Package: Aircraft Leasing
19Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
The approval for wet-leasing non-EU aircraft may be The approval for wet-leasing non-EU aircraft may be refused if the third country where the aircraft is refused if the third country where the aircraft is registered does not provide reciprocity as regards wet registered does not provide reciprocity as regards wet leasing.leasing.
Member States concerned by operations of wet-leased Member States concerned by operations of wet-leased non-EU aircraft must be informed.non-EU aircraft must be informed.
Rev. 3rd Package: Aircraft Leasing
20Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Community law applicable to Airports already exists (slots, groung-handling, SES/SESAR)
Context is evolving: Rapid growth of traffic; Capacity v. Demand; Economic changes (Airlines / Airports)
Facing the ”capacity crunch”: 2025 could see up to 2.5 times the 2003 traffic In 2025, 60 airports could be heavily congested, and the top 20
airports could be constrained 8-10 hrs. per day Only 25% of airport would have a possibility to add new
runways in the next 20 years
Airport Charges
21Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Air Carriers complain about: High airport charges Monopolistic airports Lack of transparency Lack of consultation “Take-it-or-leave-it” attitude
Competition rules of EU Treaty difficult to apply: difficult to establish proper cost basis for every EU airport.
Commission proposals in 1990 and 1997 were not successful.
Airport Charges
22Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Airport Charges
Communication: An action plan for airport capacity, efficiency and safety in Europe
Five principal measures to accommodate traffic growth in an environmentally sustainable manner to optimise the use of existing capacity; to provide a coherent approach to air safety operations at
aerodromes; to promote "co-modality"; to improve the environmental capacity of airports and the
planning framework of new airport infrastructure; and to develop and implement cost efficient technological
solutions. 2007 Proposal for a directive on airport charges
23Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Council Directive 96/67/EC of 15 October 1996Council Directive 96/67/EC of 15 October 1996 First step in gradual opening of access to First step in gradual opening of access to
groundhandling marketsgroundhandling markets Opens up groundhandling services unless specific Opens up groundhandling services unless specific
constraints of space or capacity exist in an airportconstraints of space or capacity exist in an airport At the larger EU airports access to the market by suppliers of
groundhandling services is free for certain categories of services the number of suppliers may
be no fewer than two for each category of service At least one of these suppliers should be entirely independent
of the airport or the dominant air carrier at that airport Similar provisions exist with regard to self-handling,
Groundhandling
24Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
The Commission is engaging in a revision process of The Commission is engaging in a revision process of the Directivethe Directive
Stakeholders expressed the need for:Stakeholders expressed the need for: Simplification Clarification
Possibility to further market opening and some Possibility to further market opening and some regulation (insurance, quality standards)regulation (insurance, quality standards)
Groundhandling
25Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Regulation (EEC) 95/93 as amended by Regulation 794/2004: technical modifications.
2004: Study by NERA on “Commercial slot allocation mechanisms”.
2004: Consultation paper by the EC - Responses by stakeholders.
Options: Secondary trading between air carriers Primary trading of new slots Primary trading of withdrawn slots
Aim: More efficient use of airport capacity – not higher costs for air
carriers.
Revision of the Slots Regulation
26Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
State Aid
financing of airports and start-up aid financing of airports and start-up aid to airlines departing from regional to airlines departing from regional airportsairports
2005 Guidelines (not legally binding, 2005 Guidelines (not legally binding, but explain how State Aid rules are but explain how State Aid rules are applied to Airports)applied to Airports)
Aids limited in time, targeted, for Aids limited in time, targeted, for smaller airportssmaller airports
27Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Environmental issues:Environmental issues:The EU ApproachThe EU Approach
To fight against climate change is on the top of To fight against climate change is on the top of political agendapolitical agenda
Need for a comprehensive approach including:Need for a comprehensive approach including:
Better use of existing infrastructure Research & Development ATM / SES Market-based measures (ETS)
Within a global frameworkWithin a global framework
28Directorate-General Energy and Transport / Air Transport Directorate
Technical AssistanceTechnical Assistance
The EC is willing to provide any technical The EC is willing to provide any technical assistance that may be neededassistance that may be needed
The assistance is generally provided on The assistance is generally provided on bilateral basisbilateral basis
But assistance of regional basis also existsBut assistance of regional basis also exists Importance of the Neighbourhood Importance of the Neighbourhood
frameworkframework The contents can be agreed, initiative on The contents can be agreed, initiative on
the part of the MEDA Countrythe part of the MEDA Country Key objective in air transport: Key objective in air transport:
Reinforcement of the capacities of the CAAReinforcement of the capacities of the CAA
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