1 children, women, and water in the sahel region of africa solomon a isiorho dept. of geosciences...
Post on 28-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
11
Children, Women, and Water Children, Women, and Water in the in the
Sahel region of AfricaSahel region of Africa
Solomon A IsiorhoSolomon A IsiorhoDept. of GeosciencesDept. of Geosciences
Indiana – Purdue University Ft. Wayne (IPFW)Indiana – Purdue University Ft. Wayne (IPFW)&&
Edna O Isiorho, RNEdna O Isiorho, RNAllen Superior CourtAllen Superior Court
Allen County Juvenile CenterAllen County Juvenile CenterFort Wayne, IndianaFort Wayne, Indiana
22
IntroductionIntroductionLocationLocation
33
Hydrologic CycleHydrologic Cycle
44
Presentation outlinePresentation outline
IntroductionIntroduction Problem(s)Problem(s) Nature of Lake Chad Nature of Lake Chad Sources of water Sources of water DiseasesDiseases SolutionSolution ConclusionConclusion
55
ProblemsProblems Global climatic changeGlobal climatic change
66
ProblemsProblems Global climatic changeGlobal climatic change
Population growthPopulation growth
77
ProblemsProblems Global climatic changeGlobal climatic change Population growthPopulation growth
IrrigationIrrigation
88
ProblemsProblems Global climatic changeGlobal climatic change Population growthPopulation growth IrrigationIrrigation
EducationEducation
99
ProblemsProblems Global climatic changeGlobal climatic change Population growthPopulation growth IrrigationIrrigation EducationEducation
One major source of water…LakeOne major source of water…Lake
1010
Nature of Lake ChadNature of Lake Chad
WatershedWatershed ProductivityProductivity SizeSize DepthDepth ShorelineShoreline
1111
Lake Chad BasinLake Chad Basin
1212
ProductivityProductivity Fish & OthersFish & Others
1313
Nature of Lake ChadNature of Lake ChadSize & depthSize & depth
1414
Shoreline Shoreline (Dec. 2002)(Dec. 2002)
1515
WaterWater ““Water is indispensable for life, not only for drinking Water is indispensable for life, not only for drinking
water, but also for raising crops for food. Fishing water, but also for raising crops for food. Fishing provides a major source of protein for much of the provides a major source of protein for much of the world's population. Throughout history, cities and world's population. Throughout history, cities and villages have grown up near sources of water, for villages have grown up near sources of water, for drinking, sustenance, and transportation. drinking, sustenance, and transportation.
… … Water-bourne diseases remain a significant Water-bourne diseases remain a significant source of mortality in many developing countries.”source of mortality in many developing countries.”
1616
Health Crisis Health Crisis
““Advances in health, sanitation, and nutrition have more than Advances in health, sanitation, and nutrition have more than doubled longevity worldwide. The major causes of death doubled longevity worldwide. The major causes of death throughout history -- smallpox, flu, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, throughout history -- smallpox, flu, cholera, tuberculosis, malaria, plagues, and measles -- have been virtually eliminated as serious plagues, and measles -- have been virtually eliminated as serious threats in industrialized nations. Yet, influenza, HIV-AIDS, diarrhea threats in industrialized nations. Yet, influenza, HIV-AIDS, diarrhea diseases, tuberculosis, measles, and malaria remain primary diseases, tuberculosis, measles, and malaria remain primary killers in Africa and other developing regions. Many of these killers in Africa and other developing regions. Many of these diseases are related to poor environmental practices, including diseases are related to poor environmental practices, including land and water use. land and water use.
Water-bourne diseases are estimated to cause Water-bourne diseases are estimated to cause 5 million deaths a year, particularly affecting 5 million deaths a year, particularly affecting children and the elderly. Schistosomiasis is children and the elderly. Schistosomiasis is believed to have arisen in the last few decades believed to have arisen in the last few decades because of irrigation practices in hot climates.”because of irrigation practices in hot climates.” Environmental Literacy CouncilEnvironmental Literacy Council
1717
Health Crisis ContdHealth Crisis Contd
““Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing a serious Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing a serious health crisis. It is currently one of only two health crisis. It is currently one of only two regions in the world in which longevity is regions in the world in which longevity is declining (the other is Russia). One million declining (the other is Russia). One million people die of malaria each year; ninety percent people die of malaria each year; ninety percent of these deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. In of these deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. In fact, five percent of all children in this region fact, five percent of all children in this region die of malaria. Seventy percent of all cases of die of malaria. Seventy percent of all cases of HIV-AIDS occur in Sub-Saharan Africa.” HIV-AIDS occur in Sub-Saharan Africa.”
Environmental Literacy CouncilEnvironmental Literacy Council
1818
WaterWater Who does the water fetching?Who does the water fetching?
1919
WaterWater Who does the water fetching?Who does the water fetching?
DistanceDistance Several kilometers (~5 miles…up to Several kilometers (~5 miles…up to
5hrs5hrs
Load/workLoad/work 50 lbs of water50 lbs of water
2020
WaterWater Who does the water fetching?Who does the water fetching? DistanceDistance
Several kilometers (~5 miles…up to 5hrsSeveral kilometers (~5 miles…up to 5hrs Load/workLoad/work
50 lbs of water50 lbs of water
Nature of waterNature of water SafetySafety
2121
Sources of WaterSources of Water
SurfaceSurface Rain …May to SeptemberRain …May to September Rivers…Chari/Lagone, ElBeidRivers…Chari/Lagone, ElBeid Lakes…Lake ChadLakes…Lake Chad Ponds…Ponds…
GroundwaterGroundwater ShallowShallow DeepDeep
2222
HydrographHydrograph
YearsYears Max. Levels Max. Levels Max. discharge Max. discharge Total AnnualTotal Annual
(cm)(cm) (cm (cm33/s)/s) 101099mm33
1983/841983/84 525525 19121912 16.5416.54 1984/851984/85 302302 779779 6.72 6.72 1985/861985/86 565565 21602160 16.8116.81 1986/871986/87 501501 17701770 15.1715.17 1987/881987/88 416416 13101310 9.56 9.56 1988/891988/89 756756 34603460 28.3428.34 1989/901989/90 489489 17001700 15.7515.75 1990/911990/91 411411 12901290 11.4811.48 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Flood peaks and flow volume of Chari River at N'Djamena (Irivboje, Flood peaks and flow volume of Chari River at N'Djamena (Irivboje,
1991)1991)
2323
HydrographHydrograph
2424
DiscussionsDiscussions
2525
Drought conditionDrought condition
2626
Drought conditionDrought condition
2727
Lake serves as political Lake serves as political boundaryboundary
2828
Conflict?Conflict?
2929
Wasting WaterWasting Water
3030
Water testingWater testing
3131
Education?Education?
3232
EducationEducation Management strategyManagement strategy
interpretation and dissemination of interpretation and dissemination of informationinformation
eliminate water wasting projectseliminate water wasting projects involve stakeholdersinvolve stakeholders conjunctive surface & ground water useconjunctive surface & ground water use
3333
ConclusionsConclusions
Water borne diseases still continue to Water borne diseases still continue to plaque developing nations with plaque developing nations with children and women bearing the children and women bearing the brunt of the procurement problembrunt of the procurement problem
Education and involvement of all Education and involvement of all stakeholders necessary to address stakeholders necessary to address the issues of children, women and the issues of children, women and water in the Sahel region of Africawater in the Sahel region of Africa
top related