1- ch09 inventory edit altaf ringkas.pdf
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Pembelajaran Usai UTS
Pengantar Akuntansi
Memahami Akuntansi Persediaan (bag-1)
Dituturkan oleh Ali Tafriji Biswan
(altaf)
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Fokus Pembelajaran
• Mereview jenis2 usaha/bisnis
• Pentingnya persediaan (inventories)
•
Metode dalam persediaan• Asumsi arus biaya persediaan (cost flow
assumption)
• Pencatatan persediaan
• Penilaian persediaan selain at cost
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Jenis2 Usaha/Bisnis
• Tipe/jenis usaha:
– Service concern
– Merchandise concern
– Manufacture concern
• Bagaimana tipe persediaannya?
• Bagaimana perolehan pendapatannya?
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Why is Inventory Control Important?
Inventory is a significant asset and for manycompanies the largest asset.
Inventory is central to the main activity ofmerchandising and manufacturingcompanies.
Mistakes in determining inventory cost cancause critical errors in financial statements.
Inventory must be protected from externalrisks ( such as fire and theft) and internal
fraud by employees.
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Receiving
report
Purchase
order
Invoice
AGREE
JOURNAL
DescriptionNov. 9
Post.
Ref.Date
Inventory 1 222 00
Accounts Payable--XYZ Co. 1 222 00
Purchased merchandise on
account.
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LIABILITIES
OWNER’S
EQUITY
REVENUES
ASSETS
COSTS &
EXPENSES
Effect of Inventory Errors on
Financial Statements
Merchandise
Inventory
Cost of
Merchandise Sold
If merchandise inventory is . . . . . . .Cost of merchandise sold is . . . . . .
Gross profit and net income are . . .
Ending owner’s equity is . . . . . . . . .
overstated
understated
overstated
overstated
Net Income
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Asumsi Arus (Fisik) Persediaan
Purchased
goodsSold
goods
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Inventory Costing Methods
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
43%
34%
19%
4%
Fifo Lifo Average Other 8
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Item 127B
Purchases Cost of Mdse. Sold Inventory Balance
Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total
Date Qty. Cost Cost Qty. Cost Cost Qty. Cost Cost
Jan. 2 10 20 2004 7 20 140 3 20 60
10 8 21 168 3 20 60
8 21 168
FIFO Perpetual
Inventory Account
22 3 20 60
1 21 21 7 21 147
28 2 21 42 5 21 105
30 10 22 220 5 21 105
10 22 220
Totals 18 $388 13 $263 15 $325
INVENTORY: ITEM 127B UNITS COST PRICE
Jan. 2 Inventory 10 $20
4 Sale 7 $30
10 Purchase 8 21
22 Sale 4 31
28 Sale 2 32
30 Purchase 10 22
Of the four units sold, three are from the first units in(fifo) at a cost of $20.
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Item 127B
LIFO Perpetual
Inventory Account
Purchases Cost of Mdse. Sold Inventory Balance
Unit Total Unit Total Unit Total
Date Qty. Cost Cost Qty. Cost Cost Qty. Cost Cost
Jan. 2 10 20 2004 7 20 140 3 20 60
10 8 21 168 3 20 60
8 21 168
22 4 21 84 3 20 60
4 21 8428 2 21 42 3 20 60
2 21 42
30 10 22 220 3 20 60
2 21 42
10 22 220
Totals 18 $388 13 $266 15 $322
ITEM 127B UNITS COST PRICE
Jan. 2 Inventory 10 $20
4 Sale 7 $30
10 Purchase 8 21
22 Sale 4 31
28 Sale 2 32
30 Purchase 10 22
10
$ $
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Fifo Periodic
200 units @ $9
300 units @ $10
400 units @ $11
100 units @ $121,000 units available
for sale during
year
$10,400
= $1,800 Jan. 1
= 3,000 Mar. 10
= 4,400 Sept. 21
= 1,200 Nov. 18
Sold these 200
Sold these 300
Sold 200 of these200 units @ $11
= $ 0 Jan. 2
= 0 Mar. 10
= 2,200 Sept. 21
$ 3,400
Ending inventory
Hitung fisik 31 Des: 700 unit
terjual. FIFO: Unit pertama
yang dibeli itu yang pertama
dijual. Dimulai 2 Jan.
unit per unit $ Total $
200 9 1.800 Jan-02
300 10 3.000 Mar-10
400 11 4.400 Sep-21
100 12 1.200 Nov-18
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia 10.400
utk dijual
Terjual separuh?
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Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400
Less ending inventory 3,400
Cost of merchandise sold $ 7,000
Fifo Periodic
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Jan. 1
200 units at $9
Summary of Fifo Periodic
Mar. 10
300 units at $10
Sep. 21
400 units at $11
Nov. 18
100 units at $12
$1,800
$3,000
$4,400
$1,200
Purchases
Merchandise
Availablefor Sale$1,800
$3,000
$2,200
Cost ofMerchandise
Sold200 units at $9
$10,400$2,200
$1,200
$7,000
MerchandiseInventory
$3,400
300 units at $10
200 units at $11
200 units at $11
100 units at $121,000 units
700 units
300 units
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it it $ T t l $
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200 units @ $9
300 units @ $10
400 units @ $11
100 units @ $121,000 units available
for sale during
year
Lifo Periodic
Sold these 100
Sold these 400
Sold 200 of these100 units @ $10
= $1,800 Jan. 1
= 3,000 Mar. 10
= 4,400 Sept. 21
= 1,200 Nov. 18
$10,400
0
0
1,000
Ending Inventory
$2,800
unit per unit $ Total $
200 9 1.800 Jan-02
300 10 3.000 Mar-10
400 11 4.400 Sep-21
100 12 1.200 Nov-18
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia 10.400
utk dijual
Hitung fisik 31 Des: 700 unit
terjual. LIFO: Unit terkini
yang dibeli itu yang pertama
dijual.
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Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400
Less ending inventory 2,800
Cost of merchandise sold $ 7,600
Lifo Periodic
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Jan. 1
200 units at $9
Summary of Lifo Periodic
Mar. 10
300 units at $10
Sep. 21
400 units at $11
Nov. 18
100 units at $12
$1,800
$3,000
$4,400
$1,200
$1,800
$1,000
Cost ofMerchandise
Sold
200 units at $9
$10,400
$4,400
$1,200
$2,800
$7,600
100 units at $10
200 units at $10
400 units at $11
100 units at $12
$2,000
700 units
1,000 units
300 units
Purchases
Merchandise
Availablefor Sale$1,800
Cost ofMerchandise Sold
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unit per unit $ Total $
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Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400Less ending inventory ($10.40 x 300) 3,120
Cost of merchandise sold $ 7,280
atau 700 unit terjual x $10.40 =
$7,280.
Average Cost Periodic
unit per unit $ Total $
200 9 1.800 Jan-02
300 10 3.000 Mar-10
400 11 4.400 Sep-21
100 12 1.200 Nov-18
Jumlah 1.000 unit tersedia 10.400
utk dijual
The average cost periodic method is
based on the average cost of identical
units.... $10.400/1.000 = $10.40 per unit
Hitung fisik 31 Des:
700 unit terjual
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Valuation of Inventory at
Lower-of-Cost-or-Market
A 400 $10.25 $ 9.50 $ 4,100 $ 3,800 $ 3,800
B 120 22.50 24.10 2,700 2,892 2,700
C 600 8.00 7.75 4,800 4,650 4,650
D 280 14.00 14.75 3,920 4,130 3,920
Total 15,520 15,472 15,070
Unit Unit
Inventory Cost Market Total Total Lower
Item Quantity Price Price Cost Market C or M
The market decline based on individual items
($15,520 – $15,070) = $450
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Metro-Arts
Balance SheetDecember 31, 2013
Assets
Current assets:
Cash $ xx
Accounts receivable $xx
Less allowance for
doubtful accounts xx xxMerchandise inventory
at lower of cost (first-in,
first-out method) or market xx
Presentation of Merchandise Inventory
on the Balance Sheet
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Tugas 1
20
Hitung nilai persediaan akhir Juni dan HPP dengan asumsiFIFO, LIFO baik dengan pencatatan perpetual maupun periodik(unit akhir 1,200)!
June 02 Beginning inventory: 600 units @ $5 each
June 10 Sales: 400 units @ $12 eachJune 11 Purchases: 1,600 units @ $6
June 15 Sales: 1,000 units @ 12.50
June 20 Purchases: 1,000 units @ $6.50
June 27 Sales: 600 units @ $13.50
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