1 alternative communication systems: odpem and ict ronald jackson director general (actg.) office of...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1
ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS:
ODPEM AND ICTODPEM AND ICT
ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS:
ODPEM AND ICTODPEM AND ICT
Ronald JacksonDirector General (Actg.)Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management
Ronald JacksonDirector General (Actg.)Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management
LEADERS 2006 COURSE
International Course on Development and Disasters with a Special Focus on Health November 30 – December 1, 2006
2
Outline Outline Upon completion of this module, participants will be Upon completion of this module, participants will be aware of the following:aware of the following:
The Importance of Communication in Disaster The Importance of Communication in Disaster ManagementManagement
Be aware of the various methods of information Be aware of the various methods of information communication systems used by ODPEMcommunication systems used by ODPEM
Be exposed to some examples of these sources in Be exposed to some examples of these sources in use at ODPEM use at ODPEM
Challenges Experienced in the utilization of ICT Challenges Experienced in the utilization of ICT Systems Systems
Ongoing Development at ODPEMOngoing Development at ODPEM
Upon completion of this module, participants will be Upon completion of this module, participants will be aware of the following:aware of the following:
The Importance of Communication in Disaster The Importance of Communication in Disaster ManagementManagement
Be aware of the various methods of information Be aware of the various methods of information communication systems used by ODPEMcommunication systems used by ODPEM
Be exposed to some examples of these sources in Be exposed to some examples of these sources in use at ODPEM use at ODPEM
Challenges Experienced in the utilization of ICT Challenges Experienced in the utilization of ICT Systems Systems
Ongoing Development at ODPEMOngoing Development at ODPEM
3
IntroductionIntroduction
Unplanned SettlementsThe global experience Increased
occurrences in natural disastersSignificant Damage in billions of
dollarsThe Challenge is therefore to predict,
forecast and manage hazards to reduce threat to life and property
Communication is therefore essential to the process of risk reduction
Unplanned SettlementsThe global experience Increased
occurrences in natural disastersSignificant Damage in billions of
dollarsThe Challenge is therefore to predict,
forecast and manage hazards to reduce threat to life and property
Communication is therefore essential to the process of risk reduction
4
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Communication the process of sharing information a form of social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and language.
In a simplistic form information is sent from a sender or encoder to a receiver or decoder.
Communication the process of sharing information a form of social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and language.
In a simplistic form information is sent from a sender or encoder to a receiver or decoder.
5
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
Communication:"Any act by which one person gives to or
receives from another person information about that person's needs,
desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may
involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or
nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes."
Communication:"Any act by which one person gives to or
receives from another person information about that person's needs,
desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may
involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or
nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes."
6
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
Information Communication Technology (ICT): is concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing and communicating information
Information Communication Technology (ICT): is concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing and communicating information
7
Communication facilitates situational awareness at all stages of the Disaster Cycle
Communication facilitates situational awareness at all stages of the Disaster Cycle
Preparedness
DISASTER
Mitigation
Response
Planning
ReconstructionRehabilitation
Recovery
GIS
8
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management? Raises awareness of the hazards Provides a means of alert and early warning To take preventive measures to avert
disasters Provides data for:
integration and analysis of spatial and temporal disaster data
modeling and simulation disasters more precisely.
Allows for real-time decision making and enhance emergency response capabilities.
Raises awareness of the hazards Provides a means of alert and early warning To take preventive measures to avert
disasters Provides data for:
integration and analysis of spatial and temporal disaster data
modeling and simulation disasters more precisely.
Allows for real-time decision making and enhance emergency response capabilities.
9
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?Allows for vulnerable population
and disaster management persons to be aware of the details of their vulnerability
Allows for mitigation decisions to be made
Builds support for programmes and activities which support mitigation
Allows for vulnerable population and disaster management persons to be aware of the details of their vulnerability
Allows for mitigation decisions to be made
Builds support for programmes and activities which support mitigation
10
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?Allows for planners to have an in
depth understanding of vulnerable population, vulnerable areas, hazards and sectors at risk
Allows for appropriate planning measures to be put in place
Allows for planners to have an in depth understanding of vulnerable population, vulnerable areas, hazards and sectors at risk
Allows for appropriate planning measures to be put in place
11
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management?
Importance of Communication In Disaster
Management? Short Term
Early Warning Pre-impact
activities Evacuation
Long Term Land use
Planning Building
Community Resilience
Relocation
Short Term Early Warning Pre-impact
activities Evacuation
Long Term Land use
Planning Building
Community Resilience
Relocation
Medium Training Public
Awareness Shelter Program Contingency
Planning Structural
Mitigation Reconstruction
Medium Training Public
Awareness Shelter Program Contingency
Planning Structural
Mitigation Reconstruction
12
FLOOD-THREAT RECOGNITIONFLOOD-THREAT RECOGNITION
The goal of the flood-threat recognition system is to enable early identification, location, and degree of potential flood situations. The system consists of activities and arrangements, of which the primary elements are:
The goal of the flood-threat recognition system is to enable early identification, location, and degree of potential flood situations. The system consists of activities and arrangements, of which the primary elements are:
Monitoring
•Observation and recording
•Data transmission
•Data assembly and display
Forecasting
•Data processing and analysis
•Forecast preparation
•Validation and updates
13
WARNING DISSEMINATIONWARNING DISSEMINATION
Warning dissemination is the mechanism by which local officials and the effected public are informed that a flood threat condition exists.
Warning methods may include:
audio alarms, beeper systems to call key officials, the use of public radio and television Door- to-door warning sirens and public address systems.
Warning dissemination is the mechanism by which local officials and the effected public are informed that a flood threat condition exists.
Warning methods may include:
audio alarms, beeper systems to call key officials, the use of public radio and television Door- to-door warning sirens and public address systems.
14
What can be communicatedWhat can be
communicated
WHERE IS THE INCIDENT?
WHERE IS THE INCIDENT?
15
Map 5: Road Networks Impacted by Hurricane Dennis
What can be communicatedWhat can be
communicatedWHAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED?WHAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED?
16
3D MODEL OF PORT MARIA SHOWING THE HURRICANE ALLEN STORM SURGE BOUNDARY3D MODEL OF PORT MARIA SHOWING THE HURRICANE ALLEN STORM SURGE BOUNDARY
17
ODPEM and ICTODPEM and ICT
ODPEM currently utilizes a myriad of systems to aid communication.
Use dates back to the early 1980’sBuilt on rudimentary methods and
systems previously employed by the community
ODPEM currently utilizes a myriad of systems to aid communication.
Use dates back to the early 1980’sBuilt on rudimentary methods and
systems previously employed by the community
18
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION TOOLS USED AT ODPEM
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION TOOLS USED AT ODPEM
19
•Electronic Message Handling System (EMHS)
Communication Tools Utilized at ODPEM
Communication Tools Utilized at ODPEM
20
Other ICT’s currently in use Other ICT’s currently in use
Sensors
GIS
Sensors
GIS
21
GISGIS
GIS allows you to spatially represent areas at risk and the level of Risk associated with a particular Hazard.
This in turn guides decision making as to possible Mitigation measures
GIS allows you to spatially represent areas at risk and the level of Risk associated with a particular Hazard.
This in turn guides decision making as to possible Mitigation measures
22
What are sensors?What are sensors?
Physical device (most are electrical) that detects a signal suggesting a change in the normal state
Links directly/indirectly through a computer, so that the value sensed becomes human readable;
Physical device (most are electrical) that detects a signal suggesting a change in the normal state
Links directly/indirectly through a computer, so that the value sensed becomes human readable;
23
Examples in JamaicaExamples in Jamaica
Met Services Weather stations Radar Rainfall Gauges
ODPEM/WRA Telemetric Early Warning Systems and Community
Flood Warning systems Stream Flow Gauges
Seismic Unit Ground Acceleration Stations Seismic subsystem Sea-level subsystem
Met Services Weather stations Radar Rainfall Gauges
ODPEM/WRA Telemetric Early Warning Systems and Community
Flood Warning systems Stream Flow Gauges
Seismic Unit Ground Acceleration Stations Seismic subsystem Sea-level subsystem
24
CASE STUDIESCASE STUDIES
Rio Cobre, St. CatherineCave River, St. AnnPedro River, St. AnnNorth and South Gully (Montego
Bay)Annotto Bay/Fort George, St. MaryRio Grande, PortlandRio Minho, Clarendon
Rio Cobre, St. CatherineCave River, St. AnnPedro River, St. AnnNorth and South Gully (Montego
Bay)Annotto Bay/Fort George, St. MaryRio Grande, PortlandRio Minho, Clarendon
25
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
RIO COBRE Floods of June 1986 cost the country
J$415 mil. In losses Prompted the implementation of a flood
damage reduction programme: Flood Plain Mapping Improvement of flood control methods Development of Community Flood Warning
Systems Island wide Installation of Automatic Flood Warning
Systems Flood Hazard Maps
RIO COBRE Floods of June 1986 cost the country
J$415 mil. In losses Prompted the implementation of a flood
damage reduction programme: Flood Plain Mapping Improvement of flood control methods Development of Community Flood Warning
Systems Island wide Installation of Automatic Flood Warning
Systems Flood Hazard Maps
26
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
RIO COBREProject developed to improve
accuracy and reliability of predictions for flooding
Using advanced hydrologic and meteorological automated Flood Warning System
Public Awareness ProgrammesTraining in communications,
warnings and evacuation procedures
RIO COBREProject developed to improve
accuracy and reliability of predictions for flooding
Using advanced hydrologic and meteorological automated Flood Warning System
Public Awareness ProgrammesTraining in communications,
warnings and evacuation procedures
27
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
RIO COBRE The system collects rainfall and stream
flow data at sites in the upper watershed.
Information transferred electronically to a base station.
Alarm system would be used if levels were exceeded.
Locating the gauges allowed for lead time in evacuation.
Stations would be manned 24 hours.
RIO COBRE The system collects rainfall and stream
flow data at sites in the upper watershed.
Information transferred electronically to a base station.
Alarm system would be used if levels were exceeded.
Locating the gauges allowed for lead time in evacuation.
Stations would be manned 24 hours.
28
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
Cave River
Initiated due to recurrent and extensive flooding since 1900
Program implemented in two parts – 1982 and 1986
The project was seen as a pilot project that if successful could be implemented in other such affected communities.
Cave River
Initiated due to recurrent and extensive flooding since 1900
Program implemented in two parts – 1982 and 1986
The project was seen as a pilot project that if successful could be implemented in other such affected communities.
29
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
Cave River
A total of 21 caves and sinkholes between Cave Valley to Aenon Town
12 of which exist in Aenon Town alone Town is a part of well interconnected
sinkhole system, controlled by faults and fractures
Caves and sinkholes have a high capacity for receiving flood waters
Cave River
A total of 21 caves and sinkholes between Cave Valley to Aenon Town
12 of which exist in Aenon Town alone Town is a part of well interconnected
sinkhole system, controlled by faults and fractures
Caves and sinkholes have a high capacity for receiving flood waters
30
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND
CAVE RIVER
The project included a hydrologic simulation study
Hydraulic Analysis used to define 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 year floods.
Implementation of a Flood Management Program Cleaning of the sinkhole Strong public awareness component
stressing maintenance responsibility Mapping
CAVE RIVER
The project included a hydrologic simulation study
Hydraulic Analysis used to define 100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 year floods.
Implementation of a Flood Management Program Cleaning of the sinkhole Strong public awareness component
stressing maintenance responsibility Mapping
31
Challenges of the use of Sensors
Challenges of the use of Sensors
Reliability (e.g. incomplete information needs to be detected);
Performance: guarantees efficiency;
Maintenance and training: in-house capability;
Cost: benefit/profitable;
Security (e.g. hostile environment);
Technological upgrade;
Supporting infrastructure to maximize use of technology
Reliability (e.g. incomplete information needs to be detected);
Performance: guarantees efficiency;
Maintenance and training: in-house capability;
Cost: benefit/profitable;
Security (e.g. hostile environment);
Technological upgrade;
Supporting infrastructure to maximize use of technology
32
Information ChallengesInformation Challenges
Credibility of DataAvailability (data exists but are not
easy to locate or difficult and costly to acquire)
StandardizationMaximizing the utility of available
information Interoperability
Credibility of DataAvailability (data exists but are not
easy to locate or difficult and costly to acquire)
StandardizationMaximizing the utility of available
information Interoperability
33
Value of FEWS to communityValue of FEWS to community
The few respondents who felt the system was unreliable felt so because:
It cannot stop floodingThe system needed an alarmIt needed someone stationed theirThere was lack of communication
with ODPEM
The few respondents who felt the system was unreliable felt so because:
It cannot stop floodingThe system needed an alarmIt needed someone stationed theirThere was lack of communication
with ODPEM
34
General ValueGeneral Value
Knowing the dangerPersonal preparationEvacuation Planning with ODPEM”s
AssistanceHazard location
Knowing the dangerPersonal preparationEvacuation Planning with ODPEM”s
AssistanceHazard location
35
Success/Value of FEWSSuccess/Value of FEWS
Rio Cobre Telemetric System
Rain gauges operational since 1993 Biannual preventative maintenance since 2000 Daily television broadcast of rainfall measures
for public information since 1993 Five years of daily rainfall data providing
knowledge base for flood studies Continuous operation of one base station since
1993 Timely closure of major roadway during flood
events
Rio Cobre Telemetric System
Rain gauges operational since 1993 Biannual preventative maintenance since 2000 Daily television broadcast of rainfall measures
for public information since 1993 Five years of daily rainfall data providing
knowledge base for flood studies Continuous operation of one base station since
1993 Timely closure of major roadway during flood
events
36
Success/Value of FEWSSuccess/Value of FEWS
Rio Cobre Community Flood WarningSystem Community ownership and interest,
community participation despite political barriers
Community Awareness of causative factors of flooding
Community mobilization Cave River Community Flood Warning
System
Rio Cobre Community Flood WarningSystem Community ownership and interest,
community participation despite political barriers
Community Awareness of causative factors of flooding
Community mobilization Cave River Community Flood Warning
System
37
Success/Value of FEWSSuccess/Value of FEWS
Cave River Community Flood Warning System
Community ownership and interest, community participation despite political barriers
Community awareness of causative factors of flooding
Community mobilization Attracted Parish Council financing for the
clearing of debris to minimize the impacts of flood events
Attracted environmental projects supporting flood disaster mitigation
Cave River Community Flood Warning System
Community ownership and interest, community participation despite political barriers
Community awareness of causative factors of flooding
Community mobilization Attracted Parish Council financing for the
clearing of debris to minimize the impacts of flood events
Attracted environmental projects supporting flood disaster mitigation
38
Challenges of FEWSChallenges of FEWS
Rio Cobre Telemetry Flood Warning System
Collaboration of three government agencies under the portfolio of two Ministries without a formal agreement or framework
System upgrade Institutional roles and capacities “Ground truthing” of transmitted
observations during flood events Allocation and disbursement of government
funds Implementation of forecast capability Cost of maintaining system
Rio Cobre Telemetry Flood Warning System
Collaboration of three government agencies under the portfolio of two Ministries without a formal agreement or framework
System upgrade Institutional roles and capacities “Ground truthing” of transmitted
observations during flood events Allocation and disbursement of government
funds Implementation of forecast capability Cost of maintaining system
39
Challenges Challenges
Rio Cobre Community Flood Warning System
Threats of violence affecting maintenance and monitoring
Solid waste collection inefficient resulting in dumping in rivers
Radio telecommunications is localized and not maintained which has affected the communication between cooperating agencies and community groups during an event
Sustainability of community participation and interest
Mechanism for the collection, central storage and review of flood levels need to be put in place
Getting the local authorities to realize their stake in the system
Rio Cobre Community Flood Warning System
Threats of violence affecting maintenance and monitoring
Solid waste collection inefficient resulting in dumping in rivers
Radio telecommunications is localized and not maintained which has affected the communication between cooperating agencies and community groups during an event
Sustainability of community participation and interest
Mechanism for the collection, central storage and review of flood levels need to be put in place
Getting the local authorities to realize their stake in the system
40
Challenges Challenges
Cave River
Radio Telecommunications system is localized and not maintained which has affected the communication of rainfall and flood levels between cooperating agencies and the community
Mechanism for collection, central storage and review of rainfall and flood levels needs to be put in place.
Prediction table needs to be reviewed and updated Sustainability of community involvement
Getting the local authorities to realize their stake in the system
Cave River
Radio Telecommunications system is localized and not maintained which has affected the communication of rainfall and flood levels between cooperating agencies and the community
Mechanism for collection, central storage and review of rainfall and flood levels needs to be put in place.
Prediction table needs to be reviewed and updated Sustainability of community involvement
Getting the local authorities to realize their stake in the system
41
Ongoing DevelopmentOngoing Development
Real Time Information Exchange among partners before, during and after a disasters
Develop Community Vulnerability Ranking System (e.g. community boundaries, population density, hazard history);
Network Analysis and modeling: shortest path, nearest facilities, evacuation planning, simulation;
Real Time Information Exchange among partners before, during and after a disasters
Develop Community Vulnerability Ranking System (e.g. community boundaries, population density, hazard history);
Network Analysis and modeling: shortest path, nearest facilities, evacuation planning, simulation;
42
Ongoing DevelopmentOngoing Development
Web-mapping (report information, development of 4 ODPEM applications);
Re-establish telecommunications facilities
Link GIS with Electronic Message Handling System
Use of GIS to conduct Modelling
Instituting SMS Texting
Web-mapping (report information, development of 4 ODPEM applications);
Re-establish telecommunications facilities
Link GIS with Electronic Message Handling System
Use of GIS to conduct Modelling
Instituting SMS Texting
43
Thank YouThank You
Office Of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management
Tel: 876-928-5111 Fax: 876-9285503Email: rjackson@odpem.org.jm
url: http://www.odpem.org.jm
Office Of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management
Tel: 876-928-5111 Fax: 876-9285503Email: rjackson@odpem.org.jm
url: http://www.odpem.org.jm
top related