1. all organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics: ◦ multicellular ◦...

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All organisms in this kingdom have these common characteristics:

◦Multicellular ◦Eukaryotes◦No cell wall- unlike fungi, plants, bacteria

◦Heterotrophs– consumer not decomposer

◦Have Specialized Cells- unlike protists

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Invertebrates-No Vertebral Column with spinal cord

Vertebrates- Have a Vertebral Column with spinal cord

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Animals must have= Oxygen and Glucose

The process they must complete to get energy or ATP=Cellular Respiration

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Skeletal Support and Protection Digestive Extracts energy and

nutrients from food Nervous Coordinates response

and behavior Respiratory Exchanges Oxygen

and Carbon Dioxide Circulatory Transport of Gases,

Nutrients and Waste

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Asymmetry - No symmetry=Sponges

Radial symmetry - can cut in equal halves-more than one way=Cnidarians and Echinoderms

Bilateral symmetry - Head/Brain area present with senses.

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7Asymmetry

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*Usually more complicated organisms

*Usually simpler

organisms

Background: different types of body symmetry

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They all have a headarea with sense

organs

Ectoderm develops into skin and nervous tissue

Endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and organs associated with digestion

In some animals mesoderm forms

Mesoderm is the third layer and develops into muscles, circulatory, excretory, and respiratory systems

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Acoelom- do not have a body cavity, organs are imbedded in tissues

Pseudocoelom -(partial) a body cavity partly lined with mesoderm

Coelom- a body cavity totally lined with medosderm that provides space for the development of internal organs

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*Background: types of coelomes (body cavities)

Advantages: 1.Protection2.Prevents water loss on land

(waxy layer)Disadvantages:

1.Heavy-cannot grow big2.Growth requires molting-

may be killed by predators

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An internal skeleton that provides support inside the body

Advantage: Organisms can grow larger with skeleton inside

Is this possible???? Of course not!!!

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Echinoderms

All Vertebrates

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What is different about Sponges? Asymmetrical or no symmetry

Simplest Animals-Only Simple Cells, no tissues

They can remain motionless because they Filter feed with Collar Cells

Sessile-Do not move around

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Oxygen comes in through Diffusion

Filter Feeds as an adult with collar cells

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Hermaphroditism – Most common means of reproduction. Sponges have sperm AND eggs to increase the odds of reproduction.

Asexual Reproduction-Fragmentation also possible

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Sea Anemone

(Polyp)Jellyfish

(Medusa)

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Evolution of Radial Symmetry starts with

Cnidarians

Advantage: Can Extend tentacles equally in all directions (increase food uptake)

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Basic digestive system-gastrovascular cavity

Also basic nervous system (nerve net) O2 still enters by diffusion

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Reproduces sexually and asexually

Skeleton-none present

Coral are calcium carbonate remains from previously living Cnidarians

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Planarian – not parasitic

Tapeworm – parasitic

Acoelom

Bilateral symmetry

No digestive system: sugar are absorbed by diffusion in host’s intestine

Reproduction-most are hermaphrodites

No respiratory system-Oxygen absorbed by diffusion through the body

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See full-size image.

Fresh Water PlanariaUses Pharynx to obtain food

Salt Water Flatworms

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•Example hookworm – parasitic

•Hookworms can burrow through skin (walking around barefoot)•Also enters through contaminated food

Bilateral symmetry Pseudocoelom Complete digestive system with mouth

and anus Sexual reproduction/hermaphrodites Oxygen enters body by diffusion

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Hookworms, Pinworms, and Tapeworms that were removed from a Brazilian boy treated on a Rockefeller foundation mission (early 1900’s)

These parasites still affect people all over the globe.

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Food safety inspections

Good sanitation

Medication widely available

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RoundwormsRoundworms

Dirofilaria is a roundworm that causes heartworm disease in

dogs.

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Ascaris: a parasitic

roundwormOther Roundworms

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Elephantiasis results when a roundworm

blocks the lymphatic system, causing severe swelling

The roundworm is

carried by mosquitoes in tropical Africa

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Hookworms attached to the intestines

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leech Earthworm

Bilateral symmetry

True Coelom (full range of motion, complex organs inside)

Complete digestion system

Most are hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction

Obtain oxygen by diffusion thru skin

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Giant Earthworm

Regular Earthworm

Swallow dirt, filter out food

Loosen soil, helps to aerate soil for plants

Also fertilizes plants with castings (poop)

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Two chemicals in saliva to help it take blood from hosts

1. Anesthetic (blocks pain)2. Anti-coagulant (prevents

blood clotting)

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Clam – 2 shells

Bivalves

Snail – 1 shell

Gastropods

Squid – no shell

Bilateral symmetry

Getting food – filter feeders (clams), grazers (snails), predators (slugs)

Getting O2 – gills in aquatic mollusks, primitive lung in snails

Both Open or closed circulatory system

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Open

•No blood vessels

•Blood surrounds body’s organs, delivers O2

•Smaller animals

Closed

•Blood in vessels

•Larger animals

Hermaphrodites

Aquatic – release sperm and eggs into water

Land – meet and swap sperm, fertilize eggs inside

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Four main classes within this HUGE phylum:

1.Arachnids

2.Crustaceans

3.Centipedes /millipedes

4.Insects

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Black widow Brown recluse

Chigger (flea)

Tick

Scorpion

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Crab

Barnacles

Lobster

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CentipedeMillipede

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Fire ants

Wasp

Grasshopper

Most successful of all animal phyla

Exoskeleton

Bilateral symmetry

Segmented body

True Coelom

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•In Terrestrial arthropods-Oxygen enters by spiracles and then into tracheal tubes in some arthropods.

• Reproduction- Internal fertilization (mating) in land arthropods

Open circulatory system

Uses special jaws called mandibles

Use Pheromones (chemical signals) for communication and mating

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Sophisticated sensory / motor control

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Compound eye of a fruit flyCompound eye of a fruit fly

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sea star

sea urchin

sea cucumber

Bilateral symmetry in larvae

Radial symmetry in adults (live on ocean floor)

Coelom with organs

Endoskeleton

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Food – variety of diet (some eat clams, some eat algae, some filter feed)

Water vascular system (water instead of blood to carry Oxygen)

Reproduction Sexual

Regeneration possible in some

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Lancelet

Tunicates

Have notochord –This is a rigid rod in the dorsal area which gives support.

In vertebrates it becomes the vertebral spinal column

There are two groups that do not develop the vertebral spinal column-lancelets and tunicates

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Chordates have 3 subphylums◦ Tunicates◦ Lancelets

◦Vertebrates

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lancelet tunicate

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Each of these is a Class in the Phylum Chordata