1 4-3 industrial cramond & carreras optical acr flash protection
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Optical Arc Flash Protection: Real World Experience
Authors:
James Cramond P.E., Yale University
Angel Carreras, ABB Inc.
Texas A&M University65th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers
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One line diagram of the Yale’s existing electrical system
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Arc flash relays
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Yale University Optical Arc Flash fiber optic runs and relaylayout
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Arc Flash System
•Three master units and one extension unit were used for each bus.
•Each master unit has one fiber optic sensor port, a three Phase
current input and 2 high speed output that will send a trip signal
within 2.5 ms when both a current and light signal are detected
simultaneously.
•The extension unit has one fiber optic sensor port, 2 high speed
output and one RJ45 input and one RJ45 output ports that are used
to connect to the master unit.
•The three fiber optic sensors, one from each master unit, were
routed through the breaker, bus and cable compartments of the
switchgear. The extension unit’s fiber optic sensor was routed
through the tie breaker compartment.
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Arc Flash System Cont.
•Each master unit monitored the three phase currents from one
of the incoming source; and its high speed output contact was
wired to the incoming source breaker. The extension unit’s
high speed output contact was wired to the tie breaker.
•When the arc flash occurred in cubicle 19 the overcurrent and
light signals were activated and the master and extension units
open their prospective breaker thereby isolating andextinguishing the arc flash immediately (2.5 ms + 3 cycle
breaker speed approx. 48 ms) resulting in minimal damage to
the switchgear and no injuries to personnel.
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Main-tie-main lay-out with event as bolt
13.8 kV Bus A 13.8 kV Bus B
13.8 kV Bus C 13.8 kV Bus D
1536 1527
2221
1525
1 2
1528
U.I. U.I.
11
Tie
GT-1 GT-2
19
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Yale Medical Campus Power Outage
First Fault occurred on August 9, 2010
30 cycle UI Fault
Contributed to Bus Bar insulation degradation
Second Fault occurred on August 16, 2010
UI Fault during a Line splice
Concluded with Arc Flash between Bus Bar and CT
shielded cable.
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Sequence of Events on August 16, 2010
At 10:42 am on 8/16/10 UI feeder breakers 1527(position22) and1536(position 21) on SPP 13.8K B-Bus as well as both GT
Breakers tripped, causing a campus wide power outage.
SPP was in low load configuration at the time of the fault, with
B-Bus UI feeders in service and the Tie breaker closed.
Representatives from Engineering, High Voltage Maintenance,
Physical Plant personnel were immediately dispatched to SSP.
Upon examination, instrumentation indicated a very large
electrical fault but not in the Yale Substation.
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Sequence of Events on August 16, 2010 Cont…
Yale called UI Dispatch to see if an event had occurred on their
system. According to UI a feeder fault had occurred on feeder
1529, which is a feeder serving another customer out on the Water
St. Substation and is the same bus as feeder 1527 and 1536. It was noted by UI that a contractor working on a line splice
caused the fault. At this time UI had not cleared the fault and Yale
requested that UI notify us when fault was cleared.
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Sequence of Events on August 16, 2010 Cont…
Based on the information provided to us by UI on what cause the
event, the “A-B” Bus Tie breaker was opened and then the A-Bus UIfeeder(numbers 1525(position 1) and 1528(position 2)) were closed
in and placed into service around 11 AM, Thus restoring partial
power to some to the campus buildings(those that were fed from the
A-Bus at the time.
Our HV group was immediately dispatched to begin transferring all
campus buildings from B-Bus to A-Bus to restore power.
All building emergency generators were started and remained
operational through the day. They were turned off one by one until
the last one was turned off line at 3 PM.
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Sequence of Events on August 16, 2010 Cont..
At approximately 11 AM Yale received a call from UI stating that
they had isolated feeder 1527 and 1536. During the entire eventfeeders 1527 1nd 1536 (those serving B-Bus) remained live and did
not trip at the Water St. substation.
At around 11:30 AM Yale reset the lockout and protection relays on
the two UI feeder breakers(1527 &1536) along with the two GT
breakers. With breakers reset, an attempt was made to close in on
the tie breaker to fully restore the campus.
When the tie was closed an arc flash was immediately detected by
the newly installed arc flash system which opened the Tie breaker
and did not allow the arc flash to evolve into a catastrophic event.
(Bus Differential protection never detected the fault due to fast
response of the Arc Flash protection system.)
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Sequence of Events on August 16, 2010 Cont..
In conclusion, it appears that the utility fault caused the
Yale system to back feed significant current on two phases
which compromised components within our switchgearand generators. When Yale attempted to close the13.8 kV
“A” and “B” bus tie breaker, the compromised components
failed causing an arc and subsequent damage to sections of
the switchgear and internal devices.
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Recorded event of the first fault caused by utility thatinitiated the events on 8/16/2011
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Graph of the actual Arc Flash event
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Yale Sterling Substation ARC Flash
Arc flash occurred in Cubicle 19 of the B-Bus
Detected by Master units-1B,2B,3B and a trip signal was
sent from Master unit to extension unit via RJ45 extension
cable to open Tie Breaker. Fault clearing time(breaker open) – approximately 50.5ms
Current and light detection time was < 2.5ms
Breaker speed was 3 Cycles- approximately 48ms
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Results of the Arc Flash system installation
No personnel were injured.
More than 6 Yale and UI personnel were within close proximity
of the Sterling Switchgear when the Arc flash Occurred.
Minimal damage to switchgear and equipment
Bus section, CT shielded cable, 2 CT and fiberglass barrier
replaced
Minimal down time – < 12 hours
Section of Bus was fabricated and installed, new CTs andshielded cables installed, and fiberglass barriers fabricated;
switchgear commissioned and put back in service with 12
hours.
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Sterling Switchgear Cubicle 19 Arc Flash Damage
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Sterling Switchgear Cubicle 19 Arc Flash Damage
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Sterling Switchgear Cubicle 19 Arc Flash Damage
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Sterling Switchgear Cubicle 19 Arc Flash Damage
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Benefits to Using Light and Current Arc Flash MitigationSystem
Fastest Arc Flash detection system.
Can mitigate Level 4 PPE down to Level 2 & 1
Detects Arc (light) and Overcurrent and initiates trip to breaker
in less than 2.5 ms.
Can be retrofitted easily into existing switchgear
Is secure, and reliable.
Will trip only if an over current and light are detected
simultaneously
Has internal diagnostics and alarming to detect fiber loop
failure, optolink fiber failure or RJ45 extension cable failure.
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Benefits to Using ABB REA Arc Flash Mitigation System Cont.
Provides Arc Flash Protection 24/7- Always On
High ROI
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In Summary
Highly recommend the current and light sensing arc flashprotection system for arc flash mitigation.
Yale personnel including myself who were in close proximity of
the Sterling switchgear during the arc flash incident were not
injured as a direct result of the arc flash protection systembeing installed.
Yale Switchgear equipment sustained minimal damage and
down time.
Yale has installed the same Arc Flash protection system in its
Sterling and the Central substation’s 13.8 KV switchgear.
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