05874691
Post on 01-Mar-2018
221 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/25/2019 05874691
1/10
Lighting systems to save energy
in educational classrooms
Luigi Martirano IEEE memberUniversity of Rome Sapienza
DIAEE Electrical Engineering AreaRome! Italy
luigi"martirano#uniroma$"it
Abstract
In educational buildings
a significant component
of the energy used is
spent in illuminating the
interior of the building.
As the energy costs rise,increasing effort has
gone into minimizing the
energy consumption of
lighting installations.
This effort could follow
three basic directions:
new more efficient
equipment (lamps,
control gear, etc.),
utilization of improed
lighting design practices
(localised tas! lighting
systems), improements
in lighting control
systems to aoid energy
waste for unoccupied
and daylight hours. "y
controlling the lighting
in such a way that the
lighting leel is always
accurately matched to
the actual need allows to
sae on the energy costs
and to improe the
human comfort and
efficiency. #stablishing
an integrated lighting
control concept is a ery
important part of thelighting design process.
The paper describes two
different smart control
systems designed
according the same
concept but with
different components,
for the lighting systems
in two classrooms at the
#ngineering $aculty of
the %niersty of &ome
'apienza. The
installations are realized
according to a researchproect about the
assessment of the impact
of lighting control
systems in electrical
energy consumption and
energy commitments.
The results are useful to
compare the two
different control
approaches
(switching and
dimming) and the
two different !ind of
actions (with or
without luminaries
upgrade) in order to
analyze costs, energy
consumption and
comfort.
The two different
control technologies
are compared with
respect to a third
classroom without
smart control, used
as reference for
ealuations.
Keywords lighting
systems; lighting
controls; building
automation; energy
management
I"I%&R'DU(&I'%
In educational
buildings asignificantcomponent of theenergy used isspent inilluminating theinterior of the
building" In recentyears the EuropeanUnion EU hasactively promoted
political campaignsto)ard energy
efficiency *$+" Anenergeticmanagement
program could befollo) three basicdirections, ne)more efficiente-uipment .lamps!
control gear! etc"/!utilization of improved lightingdesign practices.localised tas0lighting systems/!improvements inlighting controlsystems to avoidenergy )aste forunoccupied anddaylight hours"1uildingAutomation and(ontrol systems.1A(S/ allo)
pursuit ofintelligent energymanagement2 they
provide comple3and integratedenergy savingfunctions based onthe actual use of a
building! dependingon the user4s realneeds to avoidunnecessary energyuse" &he 0ey todesign anintegrated lightingsystem is theelectric lighting
control strategy" Anappropriate lightcontrol systemimproves theoperating efficiencyof a
-
7/25/2019 05874691
2/10
building by combining
the electric lighting
)ith daylighting and
real presence of
personnel"
Several lighting control
strategies are availableto manage lightingenergy use in buildings,scheduling! occupancy!daylighting andluminance control arethe most significant" Anappropriate electriclighting control conceptfor a daylight5buildingconsists of a group ofcomponents coherentand integrated in a
certain se-uence" &het)o main componentsare, the integratedlighting control zonesand the control strategyfor each zone" &his
paper concentrates onidentifying theintegrated lightingcontrol strategy ineducational classrooms!ta0ing intoconsideration the
available daylight andthe actual occupancy of
persons in each zone ofthe classroom"&he main strategies ofthe concepts are,
1) to subdivide theclassroom in differentzones )ith differentuses .i"e corridor zone!teacher zone andscholars zone/ and )ithdifferent lu3 values
.zoning strategy/2
2) to schedule thegeneral '%6'77s)itch by a remotecontroller.schedulingstrategy/2
3) to integrate theelectric lights )ithavailabledaylighting in theroom .daylightingstrategy/2
4) to s)itch '77automatically thelights according thereal occupancy ofthe different zones.occupancystrategy/2
5) to organizefi3ed scenariosactivate d bymanual push
buttons .i"e"teaching!
pro8ection! etc"/&he designer has toarrange the controlgroups in order tosatisfy thestrategies abovementioned" In
particular the lightshave to subdivided,a/ in control groups9( according tothe zones2
b/ in regulationgroups 9R constituted by ro)s
parallel respect the)indo)s"&he concept could
be implemented int)o different )ays,
5 by adoptingnormal ballasts and
s)itching mode!useful in cheaprestoration cases25 by adoptingelectronic controlgear and dimmingmode! useful forne) installations ordeep restorations"&he author arranged thelighting controlconcept in t)oclassrooms )ithsame e3tension andsame e3position
but adopting thet)o different )aysmentioned in order
to analyze theinstallation costsand the energeticimpact" A thirdclassroom is usedas benchmar0 value" &he systemis completed byelectrical energymeters andsupervisory systemto monitor thehours of utilization
of classrooms! theelectricityconsumed by thelights and therelated energysavings achieved"&he pro8ect could
be offer helps toorganize referenceguides for futureinstallations andactions ineducational
buildings in orderto save energy"
:;==5"??
B>?$$ IEEE
II"(LASSR''MS
&he t)o classrooms used for
the installations are the
number ; and the number < of
the first floor of the
Enginnering 7aculty of the
University of Rome"
7igure $"
-
7/25/2019 05874691
3/10
(lassroom ; and ! 9($" are for zone
$2 9(> is for zone >2 9( is for
zone "
1- Ad8usted in flu3 emittedaccording to the naturalavailable lighting in theclassroom .daylightingstrategy/" At this aim theluminaries )ill be divided in< regulation groups .9R$59R and $? lu3 forone "
2- (onstantly ad8usted only forthe room number ;.luminance control strategy/according to the averagemaintained luminancevalues above mentioned"
window
GR1
GR3 GR2
GR4
GR3
GR5GR4
GR6
GR5
GR7
GR6
GR8 GR7
GR8
7ig" " (lassroom
-
7/25/2019 05874691
5/10
&he automatic! manual and
scenario modes could be
enabled by the general
supervisory system located in
the security entrance bo3"
IN" LI9G&I%9('%&R'LAR(GI&E(&URE
&he control is organizedaccording to the G1ESstandards .E% ?$$?/ adoptinga %F system" G1ES systemsare )ith OdistributedintelligenceO as each device is
properly programmed! it has anOaddressO uni-ue in the )holesystem needed to be recognizedas the recipient of the message!scheduled to ma0e an accuratefunction! according to ae3pected mode! )ith anothercomponent of the systemestablished by the program"&he system is programmable
by a H( soft)are system .E&Smode/" &he operation of thesystem is independent of the
presence of a H( or asupervisory system andtherefore it ensures high
reliability" In fact! eachcomponent of the system haselectronic elements in )hichcontains all informationrelevant to the very functioningof the device" In this )ay it isnot necessary to have a central.industrial HL(/ to coordinatecommunication bet)eendevices and for managing theentire operation of the system"&he lac0 of a central element isan undoubted advantage for the
continuity of service2 anyfailure on a device only createsthe inefficiency of the device in-uestion! )hile the rest of the
plant continues to operatenormally"&he system thus created ise3pected to support the systemfor manual control by localcontrol .generic buttons/ orremote controls .buttons ortouch screen/ and a manual orautomatic programmed
scenarios described above"&he system )ill consist of,
1- po)er supply %Fsystem and other %Fdevices2
2- input devices asinterfaces of sensors and %Fsystem and output device
.actuators/ to s)itch theluminaries2
3- occupancy sensors anddaylighting sensors interfaced)ith the %F system using theinput devices"
&he line bet)een %F devicesis provided by a simple t)isted
pair cable"
Classroom number 8 '
")*C+),- %./0
In the classroom number < thetotal flu3 emitted by the systemis regulated by s)itching thesingle ballasts .E(9$ andE(9>/ of each luminaries.switching mode/ in order toguarantee different values of
light, ?P! ?P! $??P .fig"=/"&he control system consists in,
1- > lu3 sensors
2- $ %F input device for thelu3 sensors
3- presence sensors.double technologyinfrared andmicro)ave )ithspecial detector area2
4- $ %F input device for thepresence sensors
5- = %F actuators )ith 3 year/ +
&able II sho)s the LE%I
evaluated for classrooms ; and
< according to the standard
U%I$$:! before and after theactions proposed"
&able II Energetic impact ofactions in classroom ; and ??"
[3] E%$$:Y$ JEnergyperformance of buildings Energyre-uirements for lighting 5 part $,Lighting energy estimationK!March >??"
[4] E% $>==5$ JLight andlighting 5 Lighting of )or0 places 5Hart $, Indoor )or0 placesKStandard >??>
[5] L" Martirano! 9" Harise!Ecodesign of lighting systems!
Industry Applications Magazine!
March5April >?$$! pages $=5$:"
uigi *artirano .StM4:/received the M"S" and Hh"D"degrees in electrical engineeringfrom the University of Rome JLaSapienzaK! Italy! in $::< and >??>!respectively" Ge discussed a HhDthesis on JElectric Ho)er Systems(ircuit HrotectionK" In >???! he8oined the Department of ElectricalEngineering of the University ofRome OLa SapienzaO )here he iscurrently an Assistant Hrofessor"Ge is the author or coauthor ofmore than =? technical publishedpapers and a co inventor of one
international patent" Gis researchactivities cover po)er systemsdesign! planning! safety! home andbuilding automation! protectionand coordination! lighting systems"Ge is a member of the IEEEIndustry Applications Society! ofthe AEI& .Italian Association of
-
7/25/2019 05874691
10/10
Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers/ and of the (EI .ItalianElectrical (ommission/ &echnical
(ommittees (&>? and S($$1"Ge has been RegisteredHrofessional Engineer"
top related