0001 nishi

KPCOFGS

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Kids Playing

Catch On

Freeways

Get Smashed

Binomial nomenclature

Classification System

5 Kingdom

Monera

Animalia

Protista

Plantae

Fungi

R.H.Whittaker (1969)

Differences among Kingdoms The 5 Kingdoms we use today.

Monera: single celled, prokaryote organisms

• Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Protista: single celled, contains nucleus and internal subdivisions

• Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans

Fungi: multicellular, chitinous cell wall, no chloroplasts, heterotrophic, nutrition by absorption,

• Mushrooms

Plantae: multicellular, cell wall, cellulose, chloroplasts, autotrophic

Animalia: multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophs

Protista: single celled, contains nucleus and internal subdivisions

• Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans

Animalia: multicellular, no cell wall, heterotrophs

Differences among Kingdoms

Which Anatomical Features Mark BranchWhich Anatomical Features Mark Branch Points on the Animal Evolutionary Tree?

• Lack of Tissues Separates Sponges from All Other Animals

• Animals with Tissues Exhibit Either Radial or Bilateral Symmetry– Radially Symmetrical Animals Have Two

Embryonic Tissue Layers; Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals Have ThreeAnimals Have Three

– Bilateral Animals Have Heads

Radial symmetry

central axis

Bilateral symmetry

plane ofsymmetry

anterior

plane of symmetry

posterior

Body symmetry and cephalization

7

Kingdom - Protista

Phylum - Protozoa

Four

Major

Groups

of

Protozoa

It is aquatic in habitat.

Body is unicellular, irregular in shape.

Body is covered by plasma membrane or

plasmalemma.

Pseudopodia are projected from different

parts of body surface.

Body cytoplasm is differentiated into outer

ectoplasm and inner endoplasm.

In endoplasm Nucleus, Contractile

vacuole, Food vacuole and other

organelle are present.

Amoeba

P- Protozoa

C- Rhizopoda

O- Lobosa

G- Amoeba

S- proteus

Kingdom- Animalia

1.Porifera

2.coelenterata

3.Platyhelminthes

4.Aschelminthes

5.Annelida

6.Mollusca

7.Arthropoda

8.Echinodermata

9.Chordata

(Sponge Diversity)

Yellow Tube

Sponge

Black-ball sponge

Erect Rope

Sponge

Porifera

OSCULUM

COLLAR

OSCULAR FRINGE

OSTIA

SPICULES

SUBSTRATUM

BASE Sycon

Phylum Porifera•Sessile stays in one place•Sessile-stays in one place

•Most simple multicellular organismMost simple multicellular organism

•No tissues or organs

•Central body cavity

•Osculum- large opening(s) at top

f i•Pores for incurrent water

Poriferan Structure 3

Poriferan body plans

Sycon

P- Porifera

C- Calcarea

O- Heterocoela

G- Sycon

S- gelatinosum

Hydra (Hydrazoa) MOUTH

GASTROVASCULAR

CAVITY GASTRODERMIS

MESOGLEA

ECTODERM

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

Maamaamaamaa

TENTACLE

HYPOSTOME

BASAL DISC

TESTIS

OVARY

Budding Hydra

Hydra

P- Coelenterate

C- Hydrozoa

O- Hydroidea

G- Hydra

S- viridis

Phylum PlatyhelminthesPhylum Platyhelminthes

•Diffusion is used in place of important body systemsDiffusion is used in place of important body systems.

•No real vision only senses light with eyespots

•Examples:Flukes and Tapeworms

•Reproduce asexually by fission

•Reproduce sexually by cross fertilization

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Flatworm

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/platyhelminthes/platyhelminthes.html

Fun Fact: Tapewormsp

http://www.micrographia.com/specbiol/helmint/platyhel/cest0100.htm

In the 1920’s ingesting tapeworms was a method of weight loss.The more intake of nutrients in the body; the longer the tapeworm becomes in the intestine.

75 mm long 30 mm long

MOUTH

GONOPORE

ACETABULUM

ORAL SUCKER

(surrounds mouth)

EXCRETERY PORE

(Fasciola)

Fasciola hepatica “The Sheep Liver Fluke”

Because sheep are the

normal definitive host.

In places where sheep

are not raised can be

found in cattle.

Humans can become

infected!

30 mm long

Asian Liver Fluke (Clonorchis sinensis)

Habitat: live in the duct system of the liver!

Fascioloides magna “Giant Deer Fluke

or Giant Liver Fluke”

Found in deer, moose,

and elk.

Sometimes in cattle,

bison, sheep, goats,

llamas, and pigs.

Never found in people!

100 mm long!

Fasciola

P- Platyhelminthes

C- Trematoda

O- Digena

G-Fasciola

S- hepatica

Phylum Nematoda

•Roundworms are found everywhere

•In one cubic meter millions can live

•Some Nematodes are parasitic

•Trichinella is a muscle parasite found in pig meat

•Hookworms are intestinal and drink blood of stomach

p p g

•Filarial Roundworms infect lymphatic system cause Elephantiasis

Phylum Nematoda

http://www.cbv.ns.ca/mchs/diversity/aduo2.jpg

HookwormHookworm

MALE PENIAL SETAE

ANUS

GENITAL PORE

LATERAL LINE

EXCRETORY

PORE

MOUTH

Ascaris

Adult worm of A. lumbricoides

ElephantiasisElephantiasiscaused by Roundworms.T itt dTransmitted by a vectorby a vector such as amosquito or biti flhttp://elephantiasis.freeyellow.com/blackleg.jpg

biting fly.

Elephantiasisd bcaused by

RoundwormsRoundworms.Transmitted by a vector

hsuch as amosquito ormosquito or biting fly.g y

http://elephantiasis.freeyellow.com/legs.jpg

A mass or bolus of

Ascaris lumbricoides.

Ascaris Worms in Intestine

Ascaris

P- Aschelminthes

C- Nematoda

O-Ascaroidea

G- Ascaris

S-lumbricoides

Phylum Annelida•Segmented worms are capable of more complex movementsg p p

•Have a closed circulatory system

•Have five pairs of “hearts”

•Pharynx draws in food

•Crop stores food

•Gizzard grinds food up

•Then it is passed into the intestine where nutrients is absorbed

•And out the anus

Phylum Anneliday

Segmented worms

http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Annelida&contgroup=animals

Oligochaeta (earthworms)

Earthworm MOUTH

PROSTOMIUM PERISTOMIUM CLITELLUM

FEMALE

GENITAL PORE 14,15,16

17 18

19

MALE

GENITAL PORE

ANUS

GENITAL-

PAPILLAE

Earthworm

P- Annelida

C-Oligochaeta

O- Megadrilli

G- Pheretima

S-posthuma

Phylum Arthropoda

•Most dominant animals on Earth

•Exoskeleton “suit of armor” made of chitin

•Efficient gas exchange allows rapid supply of oxygen to muscles

•Well developed sensory system

•Well developed nervous system•Well developed nervous system

•Well developed circulatory system

Phylum Arthropoda

Scorpionhttp://www.bushveld.co.za/scorpion.htm

Scorpion

Arachnids

Phylum Arthropoda

Hypsosinga rubens

http://www.marion.ohio-state.edu/spiderweb/SpiderPictures/Araneidae/Hypsosinga%20rubens.htm

(Orbweaver)

Phylum ArthropodaPhylum Arthropoda

Rock Crab

Crustacean

Phylum Arthropoday p

The Rock Crab’s Grandpa

CrustaceanThe Rock Crab s Grandpa

10th

11th

MOUTH

ANTERIOR SUCKER

MALE GENITAL PORE

FEMALE GENITAL PORE

POSTERIR SUCKER

6th-22nd

NEPHRIDIOPORE

Leech

Leech

P- Annelida

C- Hirudinea

O- Gnathobdellida

G- Hirudo

S- medicinalis

Phylum Mollusca

•Shell made of Calcium Carbonate

•Open circulatory system except for Cephalopods

•Mantle lays down the shell

Open circulatory system except for Cephalopods

•Radula tongue made of chitin used to scrape for food

•Bivalve named for number of shells

•In some the shell is internal

Mollusca

(Soft bodied animals)

Phylum Mollusca

Clamhttp://www.cabiota.com/cabiota/mollusca.htm

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Bivalveshttp://www.manandmollusc.net/beginners_intro/pelecypoda.html

Bivalves

Phylum MolluscaPhylum Mollusca

Octopus

Gastropoda

OPERCULUM

APEX PENULTIMATE

WHORL SUTURE

BODY WHORL SUPRAMARGINAL GROOVE

FIRST TENTACLE

HEAD

EYE

SECOND TENTACLE

Snail

Gastropod Anatomy

Snail

P- Mollusca

C- Gastropoda

S.C-Prosobranchiata

O- Taenioglossa

G- Pila

S-globosa

Malacostraca/Decapoda

Crayfish dissection

ROSTRUM

ANTENNULE

EYE

CARAPACE

CHELATE LEG

NON CHELATE LEG

PLEOPODS

TELSON

UROPOD

Prawn ANTENNA

Prawn P- Arthropoda

C- Crustacea

S.C- Malacostraca

O- Decapoda

G- Palaemon

S- malcolmsonii

Insecta/Orthoptera

FEMALE MALE

EYE

ANTENNA

HEAD

PROTHORAX

MESOTHORAX

METATHORAX

LEG

ANAL STYLE

WING

Cockroach

ANAL CERCI

Cockroach

P- Arthropoda

C- Insecta

O- Dictyoptera

G- Periplaneta

S- americana

Silk worm in Cocoon

Silk worm/Moth

EYE

ANTENNA

HEAD

PROTHORAX

WINGS

Silk Moth

Silk worm/Moth P- Arthropoda

C- Insecta

S.C- Pterygota

Division- Exopterygota

O- Hymenoptera

G- Bombyx

S- mori

Insecta/Hymenoptera

Insecta/Diptera

Honey Bee

P- Arthropoda

C- Insecta

S.C- Pterygota

P- Exopterygota

O- Hymenoptera

G- Apis

S- indica

Phylum Echinodermata

•The name echinoderm is Greek for “hedgehog skin”

•Use a water-vascular system for locomotion, respiration, and food capture

•Lack a circulatory system

•Have regenerative capabilities

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata

Star fishhttp://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/Sea%20Star%2002_jpg.htm

Star fish

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata

Sea UrchinSe U chttp://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/SeaCucumberUrchins_jpg.htm

Phylum EchinodermataPhylum Echinodermata

Sea UrchinSea Urchinhttp://www.inhissaddle.com/Scuba%20Pictures%20Album/pages/BandedSeaUrchin02_jpg.htm

Starfish

MOUTH

MANDREPORTE

ARM

AMBULACRAL

GROOVE

ANUS

Starfish

Starfish P- Echinodermata

S.P- Eleutherozoa

C- Asteroidea

O- Forcipulata

G- Pentaceros

S- reticulatus

Phylum Chordata

•Deuterostome development-anus formed first

•Characteristics of Chordates:

1. Notochord

2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

3 Pharyngeal gill slits / Respiratory Openings3. Pharyngeal gill slits / Respiratory Openings

4. Post-anal tail

adapted from

http://gideon.k12.mo.us/teachers/j

swilley/htdocs/Classification%20of

%20Animals.ppt

Animals With Backbones

MAMMAL

FISH

REPTILE BIRD

AMPHIBIAN

Rohu

Bony Fish

Meera

SNOUT

NOSTRIL

EYE

OPERCULUM

DORSAL FIN

PECTORAL FIN

PELVIC FIN ANAL FIN

LATERAL LINE

TAIL SCALES

CAUDAL FIN

Rohu

MOUTH

Rohu(Bony Fish)

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Teleostomi

O- Cypriniformes

G- Labeo

S- rohita

Frogs

EXTERNAL NARE SNOUT

UPPER EYE LID NICTITATING MEMBRANE

LOWER EYE LID TYMPANUM

FORE LIMB

HIND LIMB WEB DIGIT

CLOACAL APERTURE

Frog

Frog

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Amphibia

O- Anura

G- Rana

S- tigrina

EYE

NOSTRIL

HEAD

SPECTACULAR

MARK

HOOD

TRUNK

TAIL

Indian Cobra

Cobra

Indian Cobra

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Reptilia

O- Squamata

S.O-Serpentes

G- Naja

S- naja

Grass snake

Eggs usually laid in manure/compost

Common Krait

HEXAGONAL

SCALE

HEAD

NOSTRIL

EYE MOUTH

TAIL

BAND

TRUNK

Common Krait

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Reptilia

O- Squamata

G- Bungarus

S- caeruleus

Banded

Krait

MID DORSAL PLATE

BANDS

EYE

HEAD

TRUNK

TAIL

NOSTRIL Banded Krait

Banded Krait

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Reptilia

O- Squamata

G- Bungarus

S- fasciatus

Animals – Vertebrate Classes

Aves

Pigeon

HEAD EYE

NECK

CERE BEAK

WING

LEG

TAIL FEATHER

CLAWED

TOES

Pigeon

Pigeon

P- Chordata

S.P.- Vertebrata

C- Aves

O- Cicontiformes

G- Columba

S- livia

EYE NOSTRIL

VIBRISSAE

HEAD PINNA

FORE LIMB

HIND LIMB

TAIL

Rat

Rat

P- Chordata

S.P.- Gnathostomata

C- Mammalia

O- Rodentia

G- Rattus

S- rattus

Comparison of the Major Animal Phylap j y

Questions?

1.To which phylum these organism include ?

a)Sycon, b) pila, c) prawn, d) amoeba

2.Match the followings:

a)Mammalia, b) nemathelminthes, c) insecta,

d) annelida, e) echinodermata, f) teleost

1) Banded krait 2) leech 3) rat 4) round worm

5) rohu 6) all marine species 7) honey bee

3. Name the followings (biological).

Earhworm,silk worm , liver fluke, pigeon, toad.