today we are going to investigate diseases which interfere with the quality of people’s lives. ...

Differentiate between communicable and chronic

diseases.

Statement of objectives Today we are going to investigate diseases

which interfere with the quality of people’s lives.

The two major categories are communicable and chronic.

By the end of the lesson, you will be able to tell the difference between the categories and identify ways to reduce the transmission of those considered communicable.

Disease

DefinitionCondition that affects the proper functioning of the body or mind

Communicable Diseseases

A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment, often through “contaminated” (unclean or polluted) water.

Another term for these diseases are “contagious” (they can be caught from others)

What Causes Communicable Diseases?

Pathogen: also know as germs Four Main Classes

1. Viruses- tiny, nonliving particles that invade and take over

healthy cells Examples – AIDS, immune disorder, hepatitis Also – common cold, flu, and measles

Classes of Pathogens

2. Bacteria – extremely small, single-celled organisms with no cell nucleus

Examples – strep throat and Lyme disease

3. Protozoa – single-celled organisms that have a nucleus

Parasites – attach to healthy cells and rob nutrients

▪ Example – Malaria which is spread by mosquitos

Classes of Pathogens

4. Fungi – single-celled or many celled organisms that cannot make their own food

Breakdown other living organisms and absorb their nutrients

Examples – athlete’s foot and ringworm

Noncommunicable/Chronic Disease

Also referred to as “non-communicable” because these diseases can’t be spread from one living organism to another.

An illness which is ongoing. These diseases are also referred to a “degenerative” because they break down organs.

They may be “progressive”, meaning the person will continue to get worse unless there is medical care.

Noncommunicable Diseases

Also known as chronic (long lasting) Causes

Poor health habits Lack of physical activity Being overweight Eating foods high in fat Person’s environment (Lung disease) Heredity (allergies) Some chronic diseases are present at birth

Communicable OR Chronic??

Are the following diseases Communicable or Chronic?

1. Food Poisoning 11. Lyme Disease2. Diabetes Type II 12. Influenza 3. Asthma 13. Rabies4. Chicken Pox 14. Cold5. Tetanus 15. Alzheimer’s Disease6. Heart Disease 16. Skin Cancer7. Polio 17. Smallpox8. High Blood Pressure 18. Osteoporosis9. Mononucleosis 19. Bronchitis10. Arthritis 20. Lung Cancer

AnswersCommunicable Chronic

Food poisoning Diabetes type IILyme disease Asthma Influenza Heart diseaseChicken pox High blood pressureSmallpox Arthritis Tetanus Alzheimer’s diseaseRabies Skin cancer Polio Osteoporosis Cold BronchitisMononucleosis Lung cancer

How Germs are Spread

Direct physical contact (shaking

hands)

Indirect contact (travels through the

air)

Eating contaminated food or water

(food poisoning)

Contact with animals or insects

How Diseases Spread, How to PreventNote-taking Guide

Examples of Spread of Illness

• Stepping on a nail and getting tetanus

An unborn child getting infected from mother during pregnancy

An animal bite or scratch

Direct ContactHow to Prevent

Receive tetanus shots and keep cuts clean

Extra precautions taken by women who are pregnant

Avoid animals unknown to you; seek medical care for animal bite

How Diseases Spread, How to PreventNote-taking Guide

Examples of Spread of Illness

1. Contaminated objects Sharing school materials with another child, touching doorknobs or desktops touched by someone who is ill.

2. Other organism (vectors) Being bitten by mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, or flies. Diseases include malaria, hantavirus, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Indirect ContactHow to Prevent

Avoid touching your face or rubbing your eyes.

Stay home when sick. Avoid others who are sick. Get sufficient rest and sleep. Wash hands often (especially before

eating food and after using restroom).

Check body and clothing for parasites such as ticks when coming in from outside.

Report the bite of any insect to an adult.

How Diseases Spread, How to PreventNote-taking Guide

3. Contaminated food Happens when food is improperly handled or stored or not cooked well enough. Diseases include salmonella, botulism, ecoli.

4. Contaminated water Drinking water from unclean sources or eating food prepared in unclean water. Hepatitis A is an example.

Indirect Contact Wash hands before eating or

preparing food. Keep cold food cold and hot

food hot. Do not eat perishable foods not

been refrigerated for two hours.

Wash foods before eating. Be certain water source is not

contaminated. Do not drink from creeks, rivers

or lakes.

How Diseases Spread, How to PreventNote-taking Guide

Examples of Spread of Illness

Pathogens for flu and tuberculosis are spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes; can travel 10 feet.

Airborne TransmissionHow to Prevent

Stay away from sick people. Have a flu shot yearly. Stay home when you are

sick.

Body’s Defense Against Communicable Diseases

Body’s Natural Barriers Skin, tears, saliva, mucous, and stomach

acid Infection – result of pathogens or germs

invading the body Body temperature rises to kill the germs

Immune System – group of cells, tissues, and organs that fight disease white blood cells and antibodies