states international organizations intergovernmental organizations global, regional...

The Basics

System Actors States International organizations

• Intergovernmental Organizations Global , regional

• Nongovernmental Organizations Global, regional, national, local

Multinational corporations (MNCs) Nations Religious groups Terrorist networks Leaders, prominent individuals¤

Global Institutions MNCs IGOs

• IMF• WB• GATT WTO• OECD• G8 now G20

NGOs• Representation by GS• Representation on behalf of GS

Global DivideGlobal North Advanced Industrialized Countries ~ 33 countries

Global South ~162 countries = 83 % of world Very diverse

• Emerging Economies• Countries in Transition (CITs)• Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)¤

Global North

Global North Source: IMF

Australia Sweden San Marino

Germany Canada United Kingdom

Malta Iceland Denmark

South Korea Norway Italy

Austria Switzerland Singapore

Greece Cyprus United States

Netherlands Ireland Finland

Spain Portugal Japan

Belgium Luxembourg Slovakia

Slovenia Czech Republic France

New Zealand Israel Estonia

*Hong Kong, Taiwan

5 Categories of the

Global South

Emerging Markets• Who are they?• Growth• Greater % of people =middle class(>$10/day)

http://www.economist.com/world/international/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15172941

Emerging Economies Source: IMF

Brazil Poland Hungary

Mexico South Africa Mexico

Chile China Colombia

Argentina Bulgaria Indonesia

Malaysia Morocco Pakistan

Peru Philippines Romania

Russia Thailand Turkey

Czech Republic

Slovakia

United Arab Emirates

Estonia Latvia, Lith,

Countries in Transition (CITs)

2. Countries in Transition (CITs)• Central and Eastern European (East bloc

Soviet satellites)• Former Soviet Republics (FSRs)• Growth rates differ

Countries in Transition (CITs)6= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Russia)

5 Categories of GS Countries

3. Quasi-states• Not self-sufficient• 138 of 194 states= 71% are quasi-states

http://geocurrents.info/economic-geography/a-global-northsouth-division-in-the-demic-framework

LLCs, HIPCs4. Least Developed Countries (LLDCs)

• US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$46,500 • Average GDP per capita of LLDCs at $750

Burundi , Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita

5. Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs)• 40 countries, with 29 of those located in sub-Saharan

Africa • Debt relief- HIPCs qualify

36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B• Reliance on single cash crops

Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Source: WB

Afghanistan Benin Bolivia Burkina Faso

Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic

Republic of Congo

Dem. Rep. of Congo

Ethiopia The Gambia Ghana

Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras

Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali

Mauritania Mozambique Nicaragua Niger

Rwanda Sao Tome Principe

Senegal Sierra Leone

Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia

Chad Comoros Cote d’Ivoire Guinea

Eritrea Somalia Sudan

Global North Global SouthIndustrialized Few industrialized

Donors of foreign aid Rely on foreign aid

Well-developed physical infrastructure

Poorly developed physical infrastructure

Exporters of technology Rely on technology imports

Economic diversity: merchandise & service

Rely on primary resources

Extract resources Rely on GN to process raw goods

Well-developed civil institutions

Poorly-developed institutions

Transnational Issues Political Security Economic Socio-cultural Environmental Health Energy¤

Zero v. Positive Sum Outcomes

Zero-sum Outcome• Win/lose

Positive-sum Outcome• Win/win

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