सुस्वागतम - ips 2018 2013 presentations/day-2 at pmi... · 200 mw coal based...
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1
सुस्वागतम ्
Willkommen zu allen
2
NEWS CLIPPINGS
• 1-APRIL 3 -2012 - Scarcity of water for thermal power projects is likely to affect electricity generation in Maharashtra in summer. The dipping lake levels might force the Maharashtra State Power Generation Company Limited (MahaGenco) to shut down a 250 mega watt (MW) set at the Paras thermal Power station in May.
• 2-In April 2010, lack of sufficient water in the Erai dam, which supplies water to the 2,340MW Chandrapur super thermal power station, had led to the partial shutdown of the plant, which had further compounded the power crisis in the state during summer
3
OVER HEATING: Financial Risks from Water Constraints on
Power Generation in Asia India, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
WRI – HSBC Climate change
centre of Excellence Report
4 WRI – HSBC Report
5
Global Water Scenario-2025
6
SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER
IN THERMAL POWER
GENERATION
Presentor-D Paul, AGM-MTP NTPC-UNCHAHAR
Coauthor-Himanshu Chaturbedi, DGM-EEMG NTPC-UNCHAHAR
7
Outlines
Introduction-Sustainability
Global Water Scenario
Indian Water Scenario
Use of water in thermal power plant
Methods of water conservation in power plant
New technology for reduction of Fresh Water
Initiatives for Water Conservation at NTPC Unchahar
Roadmap for Water Sustainability
Conclusion
8
Sustainability
The earth, the air, the land and the water are not an inheritance from our fore fathers but on loan from our children. So we have to handover to them at least as it was handed over.. There is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but not for man’s greed..
Mahatma Gandhi
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (WCED, 1987).
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Sustainable Development
Diagram indicating the relationship between the three pillars of sustainability suggesting that both economy and society are constrained by environmental limits
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is at the confluence of three constituent parts
12
Achieving sustainability will enable the earth to
continue supporting human life as we know it.
Sustainable Development
13
Sustainability It should not be like this
14
Sustainability It should be
15
Water Sustainability
Water sustainability’ by which water resources and water services are able to satisfy the changing demand placed on them, now and into the future, without system degradation (ASCE, 1999)
16
Falkenmark Water Stress Index (m³ per Person per Year)
India is likely to face Water Stress by 2025
and Water Scarcity by 2050
S No Condition Range
1 Vulnerable 1700 - 2500
2 Water Stressed 1000 - 1700
3 Water Scarcity 500 - 1000
4 Absolute Scarcity 0 - 500
17 Declining Per Capita Water availability In
India
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1951 1955
1991 2001
2025 2050
Po
pu
lati
on
W
ate
r C
on
s
YEAR
1951 1955 1991 2001 2025 2050
18
Global Water Scenario
19
Global Water Distribution
20
GLOBAL WATER AVAILABILITY
21
GLOBAL WATER AVAILABILITY
• 70% Earth Surface covered with water • Total water reserves: 1400 m Km³ • 97.5% Water is salty • 2.5% Water is fresh: (35 m Km³)
22 GLOBAL POPULATION (GP)
vs. FRESHWATER RESERVES
(FWR)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 %
Asia Africa Australia, Oceania South America North America
% of GP 60 13 1 6 8
% of available FWR 36 11 5 26 15
23
CURRENT WATER USAGE
Usage
(%)
World Europe Africa India
Agriculture 69 33 88 85
Industry 23 54 5 9
Domestic 8 13 7 6
24
Industrial Water Productivity
Country Industrial Water
Use( Billion
Cubic Meters)
Industrial
Productivity(
Million US$)
Industrial Water
Productivity( US
$ /Cubic meter )
Argentina 2.6 77171 30.0
Brazil 9.9 231442 23.4
India 15 113041 7.5
S Korea 2.6 249268 95.6
Norway 1.4 47599 34.0
Sweden 0.8 74703 93.3
Thailand 1.3 64800 49.8
U K 0.7 330097 471.5
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INDIAN WATER SCENARIO
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WATER RESOURCES IN INDIA
Description Av. Annual Rainfall 1170 mm
Total Available Water 4000 Billion m³
Water Losses 1047 Billion m³
Net Available Water 1953 Billion m³
- Surface water 1521 Billion m³
- Ground water 432 Billion m³
Net Utilisable Water 1123 Billion m³
- Surface water 728 Billion m³
- Ground water (Repl ) 395 Billion m³
27
Industrial Water Consumption in India
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WATER DEMAND PROJECTION
Projected Water Demand
( Billion m³ )
MoWR standing sub committee
NCIWRD
2010 2025 2050 2010 2025 2050
Irrigation 688 910 1072 557 611 807
Domestic 56 73 102 43 62 111
Industry 12 13 63 37 67 81
Energy 5 10 130 19 33 70
Other 52 72 80 54 70 111
Total 813 1093 1447 710 843 1180
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Future Water Demand of Power Sector
30
Water Use in Thermal Power Plant
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Water Requirement in Thermal
Power Plants
1. Cooling water for condenser and plant aux
2. Ash Handling system
3. Power cycle make up
4. Equipment cooling system
5. AC and ventilation system
6. Coal dust separation system
7. Service water system
8. Potable Water system
9. Gardening
10. Evaporation from raw water reservoir
32
Typical Range of Sp Water
Consumption in Power Plant
Power Plant Type Range ( M3 /MW) Gas based power plants 1.7 -2.0
200 MW coal based thermal power plants 4.5-5.0
660MW coal based super thermal power plants 4.0-4.5
200 MW coal based power plants with ash water recycling
3.5-4.0
660 MW coal based super thermal power plants with ash water recycling
3.0-4.0
110 MW coal based old power plants 7.0-8.0
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Water Use by Typical Sub Critical plant in India and
Australia
Sl No Water Consumption Water Consumption ( m3/Hr/MW)
1 Majority of coal plants(old) operating in India
5.0-7.0
2 Some more recent coal plants in India
3.5-4.0
3 Typical Australian coal plant 1.9
34 USE OF WATER IN THERMAL POWER GENERATION
Area Consumption (m3/MW) Water use(%)
Cooling Towers 3.45 86.25
DM water 0.12 3.00
Drinking &service Water 0.25 6.25
Coal Dust suppression 0.07 1.75
Clarifier sludge etc 0.11 2.75
Total 4 100
*Ash Handling 13
*Water for Ash handling is tapped from CW blow down water and not
considered in consumptive water
35
IMPACT ON BOTTOM LINE
Source : NTPC Annual Reports
36
Methods of Water
Conservation in
Power Plant
37
1.Modification of Process & Parameters
2.Re-use
3.Regeneration & Reuse
4.Regeneration & Recycling
5.Other Methods
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
38
1.Modification of Processes and Parameters
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
A - Once through to closed loop cooling system
39
B - Increasing Cycle of Concentration ( COC) -Normally designed for a COC of around 3.
- COC of even 10 can be reached
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant 1.Modification of Processes and Parameters
40
C -Dry or Hybrid cooling technology -Can be used in water scarce areas -There is a increase in capital costs and decrease of performance
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant 1.Modification of Processes and Parameters
41
New Air-Cooled Power Plants Worldwide
200 180
160
140
120 93
100
80 60 33
18 11
68 Number of New
Plants Built with Dry
Cooling
1980-1984 1985-1989 1990-1994 1995-1999 2000-2004 2004-2009 2010-2014
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D -Dry Ash Evacuation system
- Use of High Conce Slurry Disposal (HCSD) for fly ash
-Wet ash handling through slurry can also be shifted to dry ash handling by use of ‘hydro bins’ where water is separated from the ash slurry within the plant and the dry lumps are conveyed to the ash dykes through conveyer belts
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
1.Modification of Processes and Parameters
43
E- Optimizing Ash Water ratio
Typical design of ash water ratios are around 1:5 for fly ash and 1:8 for bottom ash. However, the actual combined ash water ratios are found to be around1:20 or even more.
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
1.Modification of Processes and Parameters
44
Wastewater can be re-used directly in other operations provided the level of contamination from the previous process does not interface with the subsequent process
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
2-Reuse of water
45
By Regeneration contamination can be removed partially
and this water can be reused in other processes.
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
3-Regeneration and Reuse
46
Regeneration Recycling refers to the situation where water
is re-used in an operation through which it has already passed. In this case, the regeneration step must be capable of removing contaminants which build up in the system .
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant 4- Regeneration and Recycle
47
Reducing drinking water consumption
• The per capita water consumption in township 600-
800 liter/day/person
• WHO norms of 115 liter/day/person
• A luxury in majority of the colonies.
• Lack of awareness.
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
5-Other Methods
48
Reducing leaks and over flows
Leakages from valves, taps, fire fighting hoses, underground fire fighting lines, cooling tower basin, gardening hoses area also a source of water loss. Overflows from cooling towers of AC plants, and overhead tanks due to non-functioning of float systems are also a common feature in thermal power plants. There lies a possibility of reducing the water consumption by plugging the leakages
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
5-Other Methods
49
Waste water recycling
The installation of wastewater treatment plants will enable recycling 60-80 per cent of the wastewater generated which can be used for purposes like gardening, green belt development, dust suppression and fire fighting.
Methods of Water Conservation in
Power Plant
5-Other Methods
50
Latest Technology For reduction of Fresh Water In
Power Plant
51
Innovation in Water Use in Thermal Power Plant
- Water Recovery From Flue Gas
A-Innovative Water Reuse and Recovery
52
Innovation in Water Use in Thermal Power Plant
A-Innovative Water Reuse and Recovery
- Use of Coal Drying to Reduce Water Consumed
53 Innovation in Water Use in Thermal Power Plant
Improvement to Air2Air® Technology to Reduce
Freshwater Evaporative Cooling Loss
B-Advanced cooling technology
54
Initiatives for Water Conservation at NTPC Unchahar
55
Sustainable Use of Water at NTPC Unchahar
• Replacement of Compressor Open Cycle Cooling System with Closed Cycle System
Saving of Clarified water - 130 T/Hr.
56
Reuse of stage – II Crusher Cooling water
Sustainable Use of Water at NTPC Unchahar
Saving of Clarified water - 40 T/Hr.
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Reuse of AHP, ACC & Birla cooling water
Sustainable Use of Water at NTPC Unchahar
BEFORE
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Reuse of AHP, ACC & Birla cooling water
Sustainable Use of Water at NTPC Unchahar
AFTER
Saving of Clarified Water -450 Ton /Hr
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New Initiative at
NTPC Unchahar
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NEW INITIATVE AT UNCHAHAR
Rain Water Harvesting
-NTPC Unchahar falls under the area where average
rainfall is ~ 800 mm per year
-Commissioned first rainwater harvesting project three
years back at administrative building.
-In the process of implementing two new rain water
harvesting project
61
NEW INITIATVE AT UNCHAHAR
Replacement of outlived underground water lines
-Underground leakages in fire and water lines
-These lines are being replaced under R &M
LWTP ( Liquid Waste Treatment Plant)
-Functional since June 2011
-Presently ~ 350 M3 / hr drain water for approx six hours is being treated and utilized in stage – III Ash Handling Plant
62
NEW INITIATVE AT UNCHAHAR
AWRS System
-AWRS of ST-2 has been commissioned in 2012 and is under stabilization
-AWRS of ST-I is under construction and expected to be commissioned in 2013-14
-When these AWRS system will be fully operational further water use will be around 4.2 M3 / MW
63
TREND OF WATER CONSUMPTION REDUCTION AT NTPC UNCHAHAR
5.48
5.09 5.02 4.96
4.51 4.41Appox
4.2
4.87
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Aug-08 Dec-08 Jul-09 Jun-10 Nov-10 Dec-11 Mar-12 Mar-14
YEAR
WA
TE
R C
ON
SU
MP
TIO
N (
Cu
sec)
64
Road Map for Water Sustainability
65
Road Map for Sustainability (Actionable )
• Once through cooling system should be changed to closed cycle system
• Wet ash handling system should be changed to dry system.
• Overflows should be recycled, leakages plugged,
and wastewater reduced.
• Firefighting water must not be used for any other
purpose.
• Township water supply has to be rationalized and supply and tariff norms to be set
66
• For zero water discharge ,wastewater is to be treated and recycled.
• Automation for flow measurement and water quality for MIS.
Road Map for Sustainability (Actionable )
67
Roadmap for Sustainability (Policy)
• Water audit should be made mandatory .Because
“ What is not measured ,can not be controlled”
• To improve water-use efficiency across industry, a central monitoring agency, viz., Bureau of Water Efficiency is to be set up in line with BEE. Agency should train and certify water auditors
• Water use standards for thermal power plant
must be established considering economic and social viability
• Independent Water Regulators are to be appointed for water consumption and pricing in different sectors
68
CONCLUSION
69
CONCLUSION
• Freshwater resources and reliable electrical energy are inextricably linked. Thermoelectric generation requires a sustainable, abundant, and predictable source of water. Power plants will increasingly compete for freshwater with the domestic, commercial, agricultural, & other industrial consumers.
• Due to capacity addition and size of NTPC , current technology needs should be further leveraged with state-of-the-art systems for recycling , reuse and reduction of water.
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CONCLUSION • After tax audits & mandatory corporate social
responsibility norms, the government is set to introduce mandatory water audit and yearly water footprint disclosures in annual reports. This will encourage Indian companies to adopt the best International practices on water use efficiency for Sustainable Growth.
• Access to water and water availability remains a key factor in ensuring the sustainable development of India. The efforts by NTPC UNCHAHAR to use this precious resource more efficiently are an integral part of the top management’s commitment to sustainable development
71
THANK YOU
D Paul AGM MTP
dpal@ntpc.co.in
Himanshu Chaturvedi DGM EEMG himanshuchaturvedi@ntpc.co.in
NTPC
UNCHAHAR
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