mp5aa mp5aa homework: “i am adam lanza’s mother” by liza long
Post on 31-Dec-2015
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DOCUMENTARY: THE MIND OF RAMPAGE KILLERS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGo
5H9Mp5aA
HOMEWORK: “I am Adam Lanza’s Mother” by Liza Long
CRIMINOLOGY What is criminology?
Criminology refers to the study of the nature, causes, and means of dealing with crime
CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY Classical theories on criminology came
out of the chaos of justice in the 18th and early 19th centuries
Some key thinkers:
Cesare Beccaria Jeremy Bentham
CESARE BECCARIA (1738-1794)
Famous for writing On Crimes and PunishmentHumans are driven by self-interest, but are rational in their decisionsGovernment should act on behalf of all
citizensCitizens are prepared to give up some
freedoms in exchange for protectionExistence of law should act as sufficient
deterrentPunishment should be proportionately
greater than enjoyment received by disobeying
JEREMY BENTHAM (1748-1832) Based his view on theory of
utilitarianismLaw should ensure the greatest good for the
greatest number of peopleSocial contract between government and
people, each with clear responsibilities Government to make clear what was illegal and what punishment would arise Citizens to follow laws as created
1. POSITIVIST CRIMINOLOGY Began in late 19th century Focused on biological and psychological
factors to explain criminal behaviour Based on the idea that criminals are
born, not madenature trumps nurture
Generally discredited today
POSITIVIST CRIMINOLOGY Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909)
Studied cadavers of criminalsArgued that criminals had distinct physical
features
XYY TheoryChromosomal abnormalities may explain
criminal behaviourDebunked when researchers proved idea
incorrect
concentrated on external physical and environmental factors as major contributors to criminal behaviour
Theory of Anomie Proposed by Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)Argued that as society moved from rural to
urban, traditional values and bonds that regulated behaviour were weakened
People would turn to crime living in a big city, no longer restrained by norms of societyCalled this state of isolation “anomie”
2. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Ecological SchoolArgued that criminal
behaviour was encouraged or fostered in certain environments
Communities that suffered from high rates of poverty and social disintegration were more likely to condone criminal activity than affluent areas
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Consensus Theory Consensus theorists
assume there is a universal definition of right and wrong and that criminal law reflects this consensus
Argue that criminal laws prohibit behaviours that society agrees are harmful
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY
Argues that people commit crimes when they believe they cannot achieve their desires and goals through legitimate means.
The stress of goals of acquiring wealth (success and power), and the means to achieve these goals (education, economic resources) are denied to the economically disadvantaged
SOCIOLOGY- STRAIN THEORY
Suggests the key influences leading to criminal behaviour are found in upbringing, peer groups, and role models
SOCIOLOGY- SOCIALIZATION
Argues that some human traits such as intelligence, personality, chemical and genetic makeup may predispose people to engage in criminal behaviour
Research suggests that the following can cause a person to become a criminal Poor diet (“Twinkie Defense”) Influence of hormones (androgens) Exposure to drugs/alcohol in the
womb
BIOLOGICAL TRAIT THEORY
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