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© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 1
Presented By: Dr Kelvyn Youngman
Date: June 2012, Chicago
MarsJupiter
Saturn
Sun
Venus
Moon
Earth
Mercury
The Systemic Cloud And The Layers Of Resistance - Hiding In Plain Sight
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 2
Introduction
I want to show that there are 4, and only 4, fundamental layers of resistance buried within the cloud in a structured and systematic way and that this knowledge allows us to interrogate a problem, its solution, and the implications, in a way that we have been unable to in the past. It has considerable impact on all of our areas of activity
I also want to show, with examples, that the cloud and the change matrix together form a graphical toolset, a cookie-cutter if you like, that allows us to put a complete analysis onto one page; necessity in the cloud and sufficiency in the matrix. We have not been able to do this before
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 3
Introduction
I will use the Copernican Revolution to illustrate this process because it also serves as is a direct analogy to Theory of Constraints and it is the one that I use in introducing people to Theory of Constraints. It shares with Theory of Constraints a contradiction of our senses.
I will also reiterate the process for building systemic clouds because all of our major problems are systemic and I will use a “fundamental” cloud to describe the Copernican Revolution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 4
Introduction
On the Shoulders of Giants Process
Step 1: Identify a “giant” not a chupchickStep 2: Identify the enormity of the area not addressedStep 3: Get on the giant’s shoulders – the historical perspectiveStep 4: Identify the conceptual difference between the reality that was improved and the area left untouchedStep 5: Identify the wrong assumptionStep 6: The full analysis
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 5
Introduction
Step 1: Identify a “giant” not a chupchick
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 6
Introduction
Step 1: Identify a “giant” not a chupchick
The Thinking Processes is the giant;
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 7
Introduction
Step 1: Identify a “giant” not a chupchick
The Thinking Processes is the giant; and in particular the role of the layers of resistance within the structure of the systemic cloud. It is relevant to all Theory of Constraint applications and processes
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 8
The Systemic Cloud
Step 2: Identify the enormity of the area not addressed
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 9
The Systemic Cloud
Step 2: Identify the enormity of the area not addressed
The existence of a systemic cloud means that the layers of resistance have not yet been overcome – otherwise the cloud would not exist. Therefore the layers of resistance must, somehow, lie buried within the cloud.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 10
The Systemic Cloud
Step 2: Identify the enormity of the area not addressed
The existence of a systemic cloud means that the layers of resistance have not yet been overcome – otherwise the cloud would not exist. Therefore the layers of resistance must, somehow, lie buried within the cloud. But where are they?
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 11
The Systemic Cloud
Step 2: Identify the enormity of the area not addressed
The existence of a systemic cloud means that the layers of resistance have not yet been overcome – otherwise the cloud would not exist. Therefore the layers of resistance must, somehow, lie buried within the cloud. But where are they?
If we know where they are, then we can communicate with one another so much better, remove the resistance, evaporate the cloud and hence, resolve the core conflict.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 12
The Systemic Cloud
B
C
A
D’
D
In 2011 at New York I presented an interpretation of how and why systemic clouds work
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 13
The Systemic Cloud
Local
B
C
A
D’
D
Global
Essentially these are local/global clouds with an overarching common objective
Objective
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 14
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
They can also be viewed as a nested subset, set, and superset relationship
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 15
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
All within a larger socio-technical context
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 16
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
In the sense of Ackoff, our clouds are open systemsthey are environment-full, they are not environment-free
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 17
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
I also mentioned that there were two fundamental clouds that I use, and I would like to use one of these today
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 18
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
I would like to use it along with the Copernican Revolution to “illustrate” the process of placing the layers of resistance
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 19
The Systemic Cloud
Subset
B
C
A
D’
D
Set
The paradigmal processes within the Copernican Revolution are almost exactly the same as those that we experience as we go
about our work within the Theory of Constraints
Superset
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 20
The Systemic Cloud
B
C
A
D’
D
So, what then is the objective?
Objective?
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 21
The Systemic Cloud
B
C
A
D’
D
This is the objective of this particular cloud – to learn well
To learn well
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 22
The Systemic Cloud
B
C
A
D’
D
And in order to learn well we must …?
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 23
The Systemic Cloud
B
C
A
D’
D
Well, what is it that we must do?
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 24
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
And I will assert that we must trust and apply that which we can directly sense
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 25
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Everything that we learn, we learn via our senses
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 26
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
And to misquote Ackoff: what we experience affects what we think, and what we think affects what we experience
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 27
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Let’s have a look at this
To learn well
In order to …We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 28
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
In order to trust and apply that which we can directly sense what is it that we must say with respect to the Copernican
Revolution?
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 29
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Well let’s do a little exercise ….
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 30
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Hands up all of those who sense that the earth is rock solid and central – and keep your hands up
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 31
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Hands up all of those who sense that the sun rises in the morning and sets in the evening – and keep your hands up
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 32
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
There you see – we are doubly bound
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 33
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
We think what we experience and we experience what we think
To learn well
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 34
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Therefore, we must accept that the earth is central and stable
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 35
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
This is the first arm of this cloud – but of course there is more
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 36
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
What of the other side?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 37
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
In order to learn well we must also …?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 38
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Well what is it that we must do?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 39
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
I will assert that we must trust and apply more than we can directly sense
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 40
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Now let’s check our rules for a moment
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 41
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Do we have subset, set, and superset? I think so
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Set
Subset
Super-set
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 42
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Do we have local and global? I think so
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Global
Local
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 43
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We also have tacit and explicit knowing
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Explicit Knowing
Tacit Knowing
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 44
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And we could “chunk it up” within Ackoff’s hierarchy of knowledge, understanding, and wisdom …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Understanding
Knowledge
Wisdom
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 45
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… that’s know-how, know-why, and knowing-when to apply it
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Know-why
Know-how
Knowing-when
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 46
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Subset, set, and superset, relationships abound in this cloud
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
Know-why
Know-how
Knowing-when
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 47
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Now, in order to trust and apply more than we can directly sense, what is it that we must do?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 48
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
As you well know, we must accept that the Sun is central and stable
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 49
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This is what “every schoolboy [now] knows”
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 50
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This is the Copernican Paradox, although it hardly looks like a paradox to us today – but we can change that
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
In order to …
We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 51
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
If we substitute “accept that the earth is peripheral and moves” it is far closer to our modern way of thinking about this problem
and more directly contradicts our common sense
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Earth is peripheral and
moves
In order to …
We must …
In order to … We must …
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 52
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
However, I want to stay with the verbalization which is closer to the original intent of Copernicus
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 53
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Let’s add two more things to our understanding of systemic clouds in general
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 54
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Firstly, B-D is the side of the individual …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 55
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… and secondly, C-D’ is the side of the system
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 56
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This is a non-trivial cloud, since the time of Copernicus every new generation has had to learn to cope with this paradox
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 57
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Moreover, the paradox initially remained unaccepted within the non-astronomical community for several hundred years
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 58
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Why?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 59
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Even Copernicus, within his lifetime, did not want to argue this paradox publicly
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 60
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Why?
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 61
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
The answer is that as long as the cloud exists there are layers of resistance that have yet to be overcome
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 62
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Let’s continue with this story, but now we need to look at another of our constructs – the layers of resistance
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 63
The Systemic Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Next Step – Step 3
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
System
Individual
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 64
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Step 3: Get on the giant’s shoulders – the historical perspective
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 65
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Step 3: Get on the giant’s shoulders – the historical perspective
The layers of resistance model was so useful that Goldratt didn’t ask if it was scientific, that is fundamental. So he missed one of the fundamental classes of resistance, and others sought to delineate finer and finer subdivisions within the three existing classes.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 66
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Step 3: Get on the giant’s shoulders – the historical perspective
The layers of resistance model was so useful that Goldratt didn’t ask if it was scientific, that is fundamental. So he missed one of the fundamental classes of resistance, and others sought to delineate finer and finer subdivisions within the three existing classes.
There is a richness in here that we have hardly began to explore
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 67
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Crutches
Positive Consequence
ToChange
Not ToChange
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Pot of Gold
AlligatorMermaid
Let’s start out with the change matrix and the analogy of; the alligator, the mermaid, the crutches, and the pot of gold
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 68
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
I don’t know the exact provenance of this and I was unaware of its existence until an animation was produced in 2010
Crutches
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Pot of Gold
AlligatorMermaid
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 69
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Fossicking around shows that it was well established within AGI by 1999 and has been re-presented more recently
Crutches
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Pot of Gold
AlligatorMermaid
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 70
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Essentially each of these quadrants contain discrete entities that are necessary to our description
Don’t have & don’t want
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Don’t have & do want
Do have & don’t wantDo have & do want
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 71
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
More simply they are expressions of these classes
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 72
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
The first thing that I did however was to map in the Thinking Process toolsets
Negative Branch Reservations
Pre-Requisite Tree
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Future RealityTree
Current RealityTree
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 73
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And as soon as we do that, it is then apparent that the layers of resistance can be mapped in as well
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 74
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
This is the original 5 layer model from Goldratt’s “My Saga”
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 75
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
But even Efrat’s 10 layer model fits nicely within this matrix
5. Negative Ramifications6. Obstacles7. Implementation Details8. Solution Risks9. Social & psychological
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
3. Disagree on direction4. Disagree on detail
0. There is no problem1. Disagree on problem2. It is out of my control
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 76
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s return to the 5 layer model
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 77
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It should be noticeable that our tool set has said nothing about this quadrant …
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 78
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… but the people that we work with certainly have something to say, if only we would listen for it
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 79
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And what they have to say is always hidden, and its hidden within “unverbalized fear”
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Unverbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 80
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Except, of course, that it is verbalized
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 81
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It is verbalized as the loss of a part of the positive reality, or as an obstacle that is a truncated form of that loss
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 82
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
For instance “I don’t have time” is a truncation of “if I make time for you it is likely that I will lose something that I value”
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 83
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
In the Anglo-American business environment that loss is the respect of others and, at worse, possibly my job as well
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 84
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
In the Oriental business environment that loss is once again the respect of others, while certainly keeping my job, which is
actually a much darker fate
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 85
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
What then are the actual positives of living with the problem?
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
?
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 86
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
They are our security and satisfaction in matters; social, economic, technical, and personal – family & friends, the firm,
technical & professional allegiances, and oneself
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
Security &Satisfaction
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 87
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It is about our sense of belongingIt is about our sense of inclusion
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
Security &Satisfaction
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 88
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
After all “individuals are socially, emotionally, and psychologically defined by their tribal membership”
3. Have reservations4. Have obstacles5. Verbalized Fear
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
2. Don’t agree about the solution
1. Don’t agree about the problem
Security &Satisfaction
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 89
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Stepping back to an earlier verbalization; if the satisfaction of living with the problem is relatively high, then we are less likely to get change
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 90
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And; if dissatisfaction with the solution is relatively high, then once again we are less likely to get change
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 91
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
This is important, let’s see why
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 92
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
I’ve substituted the terms on the left-hand axis
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 93
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Two of our quadrants now take on familiar forms, namely, the first two steps of the change sequence
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 94
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And the full impact of the remaining two quadrants becomes apparent as the final step of the change sequence
How to cause the change
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from How to cause the
change
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 95
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And I’ll hazard a guess that Eli’s material last year pertains to these two quadrants …
How to cause the change
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from How to cause the
change
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 96
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… things such as; communication, collaboration, personal and professional growth, and harmony
How to cause the change
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from How to cause the
change
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 97
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
The layers of resistance fall naturally into the quadrants of the change matrix, 3 of them we know well …
How to cause the change
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from How to cause the
change
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 98
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… 1 of them we hardly know at all
How to cause the change
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
What to change to
What to change from How to cause the
change
TheSolution
The Problem
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 99
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
OK back to our original verbalization
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 100
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s now populate the change matrix from the viewpoint that Copernicus took ...
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 101
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… and then we will search for where to place these entities within our previously developed systemic cloud
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 102
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s start, as we currently do, with the problem, an astronomy based upon a central, stable, earth
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemEarth-Centered System
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 103
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Copernicus had a problem with a 1300 year old mathematical “fudge” of the Greeks called an equant. It destroyed the notion
of perfect circular spheres
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
Equants
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 104
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
A sphere to Copernicus wasn’t a planet, it was an hypothesised transparent (crystalline) body that contained each “planet,” …
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
Equants
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 105
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… goldfish bowls within goldfish bowls, each sphere and its contained planet fitting inside the others – like nested Russian dolls
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
Equants
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 106
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Regardless, he couldn’t derive perfect circular orbits as surely God ordained in a perfect clockwork universe
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 107
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
There were inconsistencies; the Sun and the moon did not require major epicycles to explain their movement, Mercury,
Venus, Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter did …
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 108
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
... and which of Mercury or Venus was closest to the earth was unknown. Whether the Sun was before, between, or after these
two bodies was also unknown
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 109
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It was complicated; Ptolemy required orbits, eccentrics, epicycles (and epicycles on epicycles) – somewhere between
40 & 80 different circles – all based upon naked-eye astronomy
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicated
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 110
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It was inaccurate, on average it worked well, but specific instances of planetary alignments could be out/off by a day or two
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 111
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
What was Copernicus’ “trim” ?
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 112
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
He proposed a Sun-centered solution with a mobile Earth; such a solution was not unknown, and it was totally consistent with
his theology
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
SolutionSun-Centered System
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 113
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
God’s lantern, the Sun, became the stable centre of the Universe illuminating all of his handiwork
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central Lantern
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 114
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Copernicus got an astronomy based upon perfect circles, and banished the major epicycles from the planets – and of course
the earth got an eccentric about the sun
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 115
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
He got tremendous consistency and harmony – the Sun, Mercury and Venus all fell into place, and the moon became to
the earth as the earth is to the Sun
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/Harmony
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 116
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
God’s sphere – the sphere of the fixed stars – suddenly became immensely larger (and more satisfying) – and angels didn’t have
to work so hard
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 117
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s now look at the dissatisfaction with the solution – from Copernicus’ viewpoint
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 118
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Firstly, it is contrary to our senses, Copernicus didn’t have a problem with this but he knew that others would
Contrary to our senses
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 119
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
It was also contrary to literal interpretation of the scriptures and Copernicus knew that others would have a problem with this
although he worked hard to forearm himself against it
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 120
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Of course man is displaced from the centre of the Universe that had been created for him
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displaced
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 121
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
He knew that astronomers would understand the maths behind his argument, but no one else would, and thus people would be
“sore” with him
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 122
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
That’s quite an impressive list of negatives
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 123
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s see what the positives were of holding onto the old problem
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Satisfaction with the problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 124
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s place these two together. Any crude calculation of speed of orbit or speed of daily rotation were unbelievably large, so,
much the better that the earth is indeed stable …
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centre
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 125
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
… and that man on Earth is at the centre of a universe created for him
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centre
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 126
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
God is located in the sphere of the stars
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 127
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
And given all of this, the old system provided good astrology, good astrology was a central tenet for many astronomers
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 128
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let me remind you; we think what we experienceand we experience what we think
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 129
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
These are the layers of resistance, sorted through the change matrix, into 4 fundamental quadrants
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 130
Layers of Resistance & Change Matrix
Let’s go to the Next Step – Step 4
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 131
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Step 4: Identify the conceptual difference between the reality that was improved and the area left untouched.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 132
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Step 4: Identify the conceptual difference between the reality that was improved and the area left untouched.
Both the systemic cloud and the layers of resistance, each in isolation, and also by switching between them, offered a degree of understanding of organizational problems, and of their solutions, that had never been attained before.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 133
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Step 4: Identify the conceptual difference between the reality that was improved and the area left untouched.
Both the systemic cloud and the layers of resistance, each in isolation, and also by switching between them, offered a degree of understanding of organizational problems, and of their solutions, that had never been attained before. However, once we recognize that these two entities are intimately interrelated then they become one and the same and offer incredible insight
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 134
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
How, then, do we map this matrix and its contents onto the cloud?
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 135
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
This is something that vexed me for quite some time!
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 136
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
The solution – in hindsight – was simpleLet’s have a look
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 137
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
The upper-left and lower-right quadrants are more about the system than the individual
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 138
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
They are about the problem and the solution in a non-personal, or mechanical, or technological sense
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 139
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
And we have a place for exactly these types of things in the systemic cloud, so let’s go there
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 140
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
These two quadrants are the assumptions for the C-D’ arrow
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because of the negatives of the problemBecause of the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 141
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Although it is not quite complete …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because of the negatives of the problemBecause of the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 142
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… we need to add “not retain” to the problem
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause of the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 143
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
“Retain” is always about the problem – its meaning is to hold onto what we have
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause of the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 144
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And we need to add “gain” to the solution
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 145
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
“Gain” is always about the solution – its meaning is to obtain or to secure or to reach to what we don’t yet have
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 146
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Avoiding the current negatives of the problem and attaining the future positives of the solution are all about actions in the future
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 147
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This side of the cloud is about mechanics and technology, it is about the system as a whole, and it is about the future
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 148
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
OK, let’s do the other side
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 149
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
The lower-left and upper-right quadrants are more about the individual than the system
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 150
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
They are about the problem and the solution based upon “attitudes of being”
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 151
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
And we also have a place for these types of things in the systemic cloud, so let’s go back there
Contrary to our sensesContrary to scripture
Man is displacedPeople would be “sore”
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
God’s Central LanternPerfect Circles
Consistency/HarmonyGod’s Sphere Immense
EquantsNon-Circular Orbits
InconsistenciesComplicatedInaccurate
Earth is stableMan is at the centreGod is in the stars
Good astrology
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 152
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
These two quadrants are the assumptions for the B-D arrow
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because of the positives of the problemBecause of the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 153
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We need to add “not gain” to the solution
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because of the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 154
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And we need to add “retain” to the problem
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 155
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Retaining the current positives of the problem and avoiding the future negatives of the solution are all about actions in the present
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 156
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This side of the cloud is about attitudes of being, it is about the individual, and it is about the present
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 157
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
As long as the assumptions of the individual on the B-D side stand, then the cloud remains open …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 158
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… remember I labelled the assumptions in these two quadrants as “how to cause the change”
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 159
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
The assumptions in the personal quadrants are the sufficiency that has previously been missing from our clouds
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 160
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to remember
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 161
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberWe want to not retain the problem
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Not Retain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 162
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberWe want to gain the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Gain
Not Retain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 163
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberWe want to not gain the dissatisfaction with the solution
Not Gain
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Gain
Not Retain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 164
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberWe want to retain the satisfaction with the problem
Not Gain
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Gain
Not RetainRetain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 165
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberThis is about the system and the future
Not Gain
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Gain
Not RetainRetain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 166
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Key points to rememberThis is about the individual and the present
Not Gain
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Gain
Not RetainRetain
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 167
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
I facilitate the cloud’s construction using; “in order to … we must … because …” and accept the assumptions as given.
When the cloud is built I then work over the change matrix
Then we read the change matrix back into the cloud – checking both parts as we go
The earlier assumptions used to build the cloud tend to be “neutral” or “tame” and it is the change matrix that has the real assumptions within it.
The two items together on a page are a superb graphical worksheet – A4
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 168
(3) Negative of the solution – Dr’s will be inconvenienced
Effective outcomes for
patients
Have the right space
Have the right care
Patients are often forced to
wait
Patients are not forced to wait
A
B
C
D
D’
(2) Positives Of The Solution
- Treatment commences earlier- Treatment is better- Outcome is better- Staff feel better- Reduced harm
- Discharges can wait- Dr / Nurse inconvenienced- Maintenance of the bed block- Managed complexity- Workload reduces on staff and
ward - Safer for the patient
- Dr’s and Nurses less able to influence their workload
- Discharges and pre-discharge activity has to be planned into normal ward tasks
- Slicker patient movement through the system- Harm might happen- Quality might decrease – Risk might increase
- Treatment delays- Reduced confidence in the system Pt/Staff/Mgmt- Incorrect Treatment, incorrectly timed- Overloaded staff with poor view of workload- Patient injury or harm from delays
(3) Negatives Of The Solution
(4) Positives Of The Problem (1) Negatives Of The Problem
(1) Negative of the problem – harm increases
(2) Positive of the solution – risk will decrease
(4) Positive of the problem – discharges can wait
Malcolm’s Cloud
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 169
(3) Negatives of the solution – ___
We are forced to
Successful Hospital
Operation
Local Responsiveness
Global Effectiveness
Maintain TheCurrent
Adhocracy
Implement A Systemic Overview
A
D
(1) Negatives of the problem – ___
(2) Positives of the solution – ___
(4) Positives of the problem – ___
No one else understands our particular situation
Some of us understand the whole situation
B
(2) Positives Of The Solution
- Everything is sweet- We should know that it is not, before it is
not- We are proactive- Our system resilience is greater- Our system has more effective capacity-
- I’m neither responsible nor accountable for the system’s output
- I don’t have to care- I can ignore risks and triggers- -
- You don’t trust us to run our own area- We don’t have enough time now – and
you want even more- Local KPI’s don’t reflect system
requirements-
- We sometimes sub optimise the system- We compromise care/safety- We don’t know about things until it is too
late- We are reactive and value fire-fighting- -
(3) Negatives Of The Solution
(1) Negatives Of The Problem(4) Positives Of The Problem
C D’
Integrated Operations Centre Cloud
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 170
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
Let’s now number the “layers of resistance” as we usually work through them
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 171
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We tend to jump in at #1, the technical consequence of the problem …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 172
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… and we “kill” ourselves at #4, the personal consequences of the problem
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 173
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We should not let this happen!
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 174
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We should start our understanding by acknowledging personal satisfaction and security rather than the technical problem …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 175
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… people first, process second
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 176
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And in a way we do that now. That’s why we use; in order to have B, I am forced to, or I must comply with, or I am compelled
to or I must accept, or I must tolerate D
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 177
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Adding individual “injections” to valid assumptions overcomes resistance…
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 178
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
… and invalidating individual erroneous assumptions also overcomes resistance …
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
#4 Because we do retain the positives of the problem#3 Because we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
#1 Because we will not retain the negatives of the problem #2 Because we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 179
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
… but fundamentally …
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 180
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
… we need to expand the solution space out into all of the quadrants
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 181
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
We can do it, and we’ve just made several fundamental improvements in our understanding
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 182
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
OK two more steps to go
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 183
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Next Step – Step 5: Identify the wrong assumption.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 184
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Next Step – Step 5: Identify the wrong assumption.
The wrong assumption was that there was nothing fundamental about the layers of resistance, that they had no symmetry.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 185
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Next Step – Step 5: Identify the wrong assumption.
The wrong assumption was that there was nothing fundamental about the layers of resistance, that they had no symmetry.
We have now brought symmetry to them through the change matrix.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 186
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Next Step – Step 5: Identify the wrong assumption.
The wrong assumption was that there was nothing fundamental about the layers of resistance, that they had no symmetry.
We have now brought symmetry to them through the change matrix.
In fact we have created an improved management aesthetic.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 187
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Last Step – Step 6: The Full Analysis
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 188
Layers of Resistance & The Cloud
Last Step – Step 6: The Full Analysis
Applying this new found knowledge;
• We are more able to think clearly• We are more able to demonstrate that reality is inherently simple• We are more able resolve each conflict• We are more able to appreciate that people are good
• And we have so much more yet that we don’t know
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 189
Last Word – Col John Boyd/OODA
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
Where are the “loops”
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
To learn well
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 190
Last Word – Col John Boyd/OODA
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
This is the decision cycle of the people with whom we work “with”
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
To learn well
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 191
Last Word – Col John Boyd/OODA
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And this is our decision cycle – we must operate way outside of the loop of the people with whom we work “with”
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
To learn well
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 192
Summing-Up 1/4
We need to recognize that there are 4, and only 4, fundamental layers of resistance – quadrants of the change matrix
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 193
Summing-Up 2/4
We need to recognize that we have totally ignored one of these – the satisfaction arising from the existing problem
Dissatisfaction with the solution
Positive Consequence
( 1 )
( 2 ) ( 3 )
( 4 )
Negative Consequence
Solution
ProblemSatisfaction with the
problem
ToChange
Not ToChange
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 194
Summing-Up 3/4
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
We need to recognize that our key concepts; the layers of resistance, the change matrix, & the cloud are all interrelated
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 195
Summing-Up 4/4
Trust and applythat which we can
directly sense
B
C
A
D’
D
Trust and applymore than we can
directly sense
And finally; we need to recognise that the layers of resistance exist as assumptions within the cloud – hiding in plain sight
To learn well
Accept that the Earth is central and stable
Accept that the Sun is central and stable
Because we do retain the positives of the problemBecause we do not gain the negatives of the solution
Mechanics & Technology SystemFuture
Because we will not retain the negatives of the problemBecause we will gain the positives of the solution
Attitudes of BeingIndividualPresent
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 196
References
Thomas Kuhn (1957) The Copernican revolution: planetary astronomy in the development of Western thought. Harvard, 297 pp. Dava Sobel (2011) A more perfect Heaven: how Copernicusrevolutionised the cosmos. Bloomsbury, 273 pp.Jerry Harvey (1988) The Abilene Paradox and other meditations on management. Lexington, 150 pp.Russell Ackoff (1994) The democratic corporation. Oxford, 247 pp. Ray Immelman (2003) Great boss dead boss: how to extract the very best performance from your company and not get crucified in the process. Stewart Philip International, 317 pp.Dee Jacob (2010) It’s not only a buy-in issue: transforming an organization. TOCICO Las Vegas 2010.Eli Goldratt (1996) My saga to improve production. Pamphlet.Efrat Goldratt-Ashlag (2010) The layers of resistance – the buy-in process according to TOC. In Cox and Schleier, Theory of Constraints Handbook. McGraw-Hill, pp 571 - 585.
© Dr Kelvyn Youngman, June 2012 197
Biography
Dr Youngman is a scientist in the natural sciences who developed an interest in operations management, Theory of Constraints, and man-made organizational systems. He has obtained substantial TOC-based improvements in medium-sized private companies in New Zealand and large scale publicly-listed companies in Japan. He has a long-standing interest in healthcare and the unique focus and results that TOC brings to it, and has used it throughout a large tertiary hospital.He is the creator and curator of a 750 page website “Introduction To Theory Of Constraints;” commented upon by one professional as “never have I seen such a precise and practical piece of work.”The implementation of the logistical solutions, the development of the use of clouds and explicit/tacit knowledge, are a special interest within this framework.
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