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© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific
Information in RSVP Objects
Ahmad Belhoul Y. Ahmet Şekercioğlu Nallasamy Mani
Centre for Telecommunications and Information EngineeringMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
{ahmad.belhoul, ahmet.sekercioglu, nallasamy.mani} @eng.monash.edu.au
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Outline
• RSVP, Interruption in QoS
• Mobile IP and HMIP
• RSVP Message and Object Format
• RSVP-ME
• Simulation Results
• Conclusion & Future Work
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Path
Sender
Path State
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Path State
Sender
Path State
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Path State
Sender
Path State
PathState
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Path State
Sender
PathState
PathState
Path State
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Path State
Sender
Path State
PathState
PathState
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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PathState
RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
Resv
Path State
Path State
PathState
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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PathState
RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
Path State
Path State
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Path State
RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
Path State
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Path State
RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Reservation Setup
Mobile Receiver
Sender
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Interruption in QoS
Mobile Receiver
Sender
L2 Handoff Latency
Address Resolution L3 Handoff Latency
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile Receiver
Sender
Establishing theReservations
L2 Handoff Latency
Address Resolution L3 Handoff Latency
RSVP Interruption in QoS
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile Receiver
Sender
Establishing theReservations
L2 Handoff Latency
Address Resolution L3 Handoff Latency
RSVP Interruption in QoS
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Relinquishing Reservations
Mobile Receiver
Sender
Teardown1) Teardown message
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Relinquishing Reservations
Mobile Receiver
Sender
1) Teardown message
2) Timeout
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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TIQoS
Total Interruption in QoS
TIQoS = λHandoff + λRSVP
TIQoS = λL2 + λAdr + λL3 + λRSVP
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Interoperability
Correspondent NodeHA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Interoperability
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
HA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
Home Adrs
CoA
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Interoperability
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
HA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
BU =>HA(CoA , HoA)
CoA
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Interoperability
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
HA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
Source: CNDestin: HoA
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Interoperability
HA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
FA
Correspondent Node
Source: HADestin: CoA
Mobile Host
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Triangular Routing
HA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
FA
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
TriangularRouting
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile IP Route Optimisation
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
HA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
BU => CN:(CoA , HoA)
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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HMIP Global Mobility
Correspondent NodeHA
MAP
Home N/WInternet
PCoA
Mobile Host
Source: CNDestin: VCoA
VCoA
AP2 AP1
Foreign N/W
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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HMIP Global Mobility
Correspondent NodeHA
MAP
Home N/WInternet
PCoA
Mobile Host
VCoA
Source: MAPDestin: PCoA
AP2 AP1
Foreign N/W
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP object
RSVP object
RSVP Message Format
8 24 3216
Ver Flags Msg type RSVP Checksum
Send_TTL (Reserved) RSVP Length
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
0
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP PATH Message
8 24 3216
0001 Flags 0000 0001 RSVP Checksum
Send_TTL (Reserved) RSVP Length
T_Spec
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
0
Sender Template
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Object Format
8 24 3216
Length (bytes) Class-Num C-Type
Object Content
0
1
2
n
0
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Sender Template
8 24 3216
Length (bytes) 0000 1011 0000 0010
Sender IP address
Sender Port Number
Protocol ID
0
1
2
n
0
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME BU object
8 24 3216
0000 0000 0010 0000 11bb bbbb 0000 0010
Home Address (16 bytes)
Care Of Address (16 bytes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
7
0
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP PATH + BU object
8 24 3216
0001 Flags 0000 0001 RSVP Checksum
Send_TTL (Reserved) RSVP Length
T_Spec
0
1
2
3
4
0
Sender Template
Binding Update
n
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Operation
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
HA
FA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Operation
HA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
FA
Correspondent Node
PathTear + BU object
Mobile Host
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Operation
HA
Internet
Home N/W
Foreign N/W
FA
Correspondent Node
Mobile Host
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile Receiver
Sender
RSVP Interruption in QoS
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Mobile Receiver
Sender
RSVP Interruption in QoS
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Simulation Model
10 Mbps80ms
10 Mbps10ms
10 Mbps10ms
10 Mbps10ms
10 Mbps10ms
1 Mbps2ms
1 Mbps2ms
N1
MAPN2 N3
AR1 AR2
HACNi CNCNn+1CNn+2
MNn+i
MNn+i
MNn+i
MNn+iMNn+i
MNn+i
MNn+iMN
MNn+i
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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E-Model
Ro: Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
Is: Simultaneous impairment factor
Id: Equipment delay impairment factor
Ie: Equipment packet loss impairment factor
A: Advantage Factor (A)
R = Ro – Is – Id – Ie + A
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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E-Model
Delay Loss
R = 94.2 – ( Id + Ie )
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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R-factor to MOS conversion
R-factor QoS Assessment MOS
90 < R < 100 Excellent 4.34 - 4.5
80 < R < 90 Very Good 4.03 - 4.34
70 < R < 80 Good 3.60 - 4.03
60 < R < 70 Fair 3.10 - 3.60
50 < R < 60 Poor 2.58 - 3.10
0 < R < 50 Bad 1.0 – 2.58
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Performance
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Performance
Model QoS Interruption (ms)
RSVP over Mobile IP 732
RSVP-ME over Mobile IP 528
RSVP over HMIP 192
RSVP-ME over HMIP 168
27.9%
12.5%
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Conclusion
• Outlined the inefficiencies of Mobile IP
• Proposed RSVP Mobility Extension (RSVP-ME)
• Addressed the MIP encapsulation issue
• Improved Interruption in QoS
• Maintained compatibility with RFC 2205
• Minimal changes (to end nodes)
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Future Work
• Experiment with other sources of time-sensitive traffic such as Video-over-IP
• Further reduce the Interruption in QoS by not confining to RFC2205
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Thank You!
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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Simulation Parameters
Simulation ParametersAccess Routers Coverage area 40 mDistanced Between Access Routers 70 mMobile Node Transmission Range 100 mTarget MN movement DeterministicInterfering MN movement Random Waypoint Video Codec MPEG4Initialization Period 20 s
VoIP Traffic ParametersVoIP Packet Size 220 bytesVoIP Codec G.711Codec Bandwidth 88 kbps
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP Signaling
MN CN
BUMN sends a
BU
1
Path (CNMN)
Back CN replies with Back and
sends a PATH for the
(CNMN) direction
2
VoIP data packets
Resv(MNCN) CN replies with a RESV
for the (MNCN) direction
4
Resv (CNMN)
Path (MNCN)
MN replies with a RESV and
sends a PATH for the
(MNCN) direction
3
© CTIE 2006 A Mechanism for Enhancing VoIP Performance over Wireless Networks using Embedded Mobility-Specific Information in RSVP Objects
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RSVP-ME Signaling
MN CN
Path + BU object (MNCN)MN sends a PATH with a BU object for
the (MNCN) direction
1
Resv (CNMN)MN replies
with a RESV for the
(CNMN) direction
3
Resv + Back object (MNCN)
Path (CNMN)
• CN is updated with new CoA
• It responds with a RESV with a Back object (MNCN)
• It issues a PATH for the (CNMN) direction
2
VoIP data packets
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