{ baroque art italy and flanders. 1600-1725 europe counter-reformation: effort by catholic church...
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{Baroque Art
Italy and Flanders
1600-1725 EuropeCounter-Reformation: effort by Catholic Church to lure people back and to regain its power
Baroque style: characterized by movement, vivid contrast and emotional intensity.
Characteristics of Baroque Era
Appeal to emotions and the desire for magnificent ornamentation
Appealed to the Church and middle class…glorified the Church.
Unify ornamentation through variation on a single theme.
Objective is realism.
Characteristics of Baroque Style
Color and grandeur emphasized, dramatic use of light and shade.
Composition emphasizes feeling over form, emotion over intellect.Viewer is invited to share in the emotion, not just observe it.
Open composition (pictures cut off by frames)
Characteristics of Baroque Style (Cont.)
Revival of Church Building and remodeling.
CharacteristicsHuge sculptured scrolls at each side of the upper storyused to unite the side sections of the wide façade (front of the building) to central portion
Baroque Architecture
Francesco Borromini – architectSan Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Façade features: concave and convex surfaces; result is appearance of elasticity
three-dimensional: overall effect of movement, contrast, and variety
Baroque Architecture (cont.)
Characteristics:
Emphasis on mood and drama
Little interest in ideal or realistic beauty
Use of deep undercutting to create shadows and sharp contrasts of light and dark values
Baroque Sculpture
Merging of sculpture, painting, and architecture
The Entrance of St. Ignatius into Paradise By Fra Andrea PozzoWhere does the architecture end and the painting begin?
Baroque Sculpture (cont.)
Gianlorenzo Bernini
The Ecstasy of St. Theresa use of space and light
figures appear to float in space
Baroque Sculpture
(cont.)
DavidMovement: coiled stance, flexed muscles, determined expression
Use imagination to place Goliath in front of David
Bernini (cont.)
Michelangelo da CaravaggioStudied and painted the world around him
Light an important part of his painting: to illuminate figures and expose their imperfections
Baroque Painting
The Conversion of St. Paul Space projects outward from the picture plane to include the viewer as eyewitnessUse of light to add drama to the scene:Chiaroscuro
Controversy: use of ordinary people to portray religious subjects
Michelangelo de Caravaggio (cont.)
First woman in the history of western art to have a significant impact on the art of her time.
Characteristics of her style:Lifelike treatment of subject matter
Use of light and dark contrasts reminiscent of Caravaggio
Storytelling skills
Artemisia Gentileschi
Judith and the Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes
background: dark and cramped
foreground: illuminated by single candle
Influenced by Titian, Tintoretto, Michelangelo, and Caravaggio.Titian: rich colorsTintoretto: dramatic designMichelangelo: powerful, twisting figures
Caravaggio: use of light to illuminate important parts of paintings
Other Flemish influences: realistic detail
Peter Paul Rubens
Other characteristicsAvoids stiff, geometric forms to give pictures feeling of energy and life
Use of curving lines to create feeling of movement
Place figures against background of color to soften contours.
Peter Paul Rubens (cont.)
The Raising of the Crossfigures arranged to form solid pyramid of straining bodies
figures strain to regain balance
strong diagonal axis line follows the vertical section of the cross
Daniel in the Lions’ Den Natural poses of lions & emotion of scene
{Chapter 19: Lesson Two
Dutch Art
Genre: scenes from every day life
Dutch didn’t want religious paintings and sculptures in their churcheswanted secular works instead.
Dutch artists begin to specialize
Dutch Genre Paintings
Frans HalsSpecialized in portraitsCharacteristics
quick, dashing brush strokes
captures fleeting expressions
Dutch Genre Painting (cont.)
Portrait of a Member of the Haarlem Civic Guard
Officer looks as if just looked over his shoulder
Dutch Genre Painting:
Frans Hals (cont.)
CharacteristicsPainted portraits, everyday events, historical subjects, landscapes
Refused to specializeWork is by, for, and about the middle class.
Rembrandt van Rijn
Human emotion and psychology, the human spirit
Uses suggestion, not details because the human spirit is intangible
Rembrandt van Rijn (cont.)
The Night Watch Original group portrait of the military
portrayed as if on duty, not in a social scene
A "celebration of chaos, symbolic of a free people.“
Rembrandt van Rijn (cont.)
No natural light source…how are the figures illuminated?
Figures fade into shadow or are hidden by another's hand
The Mill Largest and most famous landscape
Darkness, shadows move slowly = Peaceful and still;
feeling of solitude and loneliness a reflection of his feelings for the loss of his wife.
Rembrandt van Rijn (cont.)
Group only doing genre style paintings
Jan SteenJan VermeerJudith Leyster
Little Dutch Masters
Characteristics and Stylegood humored and observant – amateur actor and an innkeeper
paintings carry good moral message
moral messages repeated in form of inscriptions on walls of his paintings
Little Dutch Masters: Jan Steen
Characteristics and Style (cont.)Majority of paintings: the folly children get into when not raised properly
Other typical themes: lovesick maidens and groups of merry, carefree people
Little Dutch Masters: Jan Steen
St. Nicholas’ Dayvarious reactions to gifts in stockings
use of diagonal
Little Dutch Masters: Steen
(cont.)
Painter of interiors…people in paintings less important than composition and effect of light on textures.
The Love Letterfigures surrounded by light and air = feeling of deep space
paintings in the background of the painting
Little Dutch Masters: Jan Vermeer
Viewer looks into the scene from a closetBlack & white tiles lead to sceneFacial expressions of both say letter is special
InfluencesCaravaggio’s dramatic use of light and dark
Hals – not so much the impression of fleeting moment, but the effect of achieving a feeling that care and time have been taken to achieve an elegant effect
Little Dutch Masters: Judith Leyster
Self-Portrait
Psychological interaction between subject and viewer
Little Dutch Masters: Leyster (cont.)
{Chapter 19: Lesson Three
Spanish Art
Painted more realistic saints, crucifixions, and martyrdoms
Spanish Art
. Jusepe de Ribera avoided painting masses of active people
avoided excitement and action in favor of calmness
Spanish art (cont.)
The Blind Old Beggar
St. Paul the Hermit
Worked in the Palace of King Phillip IV
The Surrender of Breta (fig. 19.21b)Spanish victory commanders placed directly in the center
erect lances show victory of Spaniards
Spanish Art: Diego Velázquez
Figures on left and far right bring viewer into the picture by looking at the viewer
Las Meninas -- The Maids of HonorIllusion of spacescene stretches out before you
Artist painted in the picture
Spanish Art: Diego Velázquez (cont.)
Reflection in mirror brings the scene behind you into it.
Room beyond glimpsed through open door
Bartolomé Esteban MurilloWorked for monasteries and convents.
The Return of the Prodigal Soncontrast between excitement and calm
avoided sharp lines and color contrasts to keep it simple and harmonious
Spanish Art (cont.)
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