about 9,000 species of birds are in the class aves. bird classification is based on beak and foot...

About 9,000 species of birds are in the class Aves.

  Bird classification is based on beak and foot types, and some habitats and behaviors.

Birds of prey have notched beaks and sharp talons.

Shorebirds have long slender bills and long legs.

Waterfowl have webbed toes and broad bills.

The only modern (extant) animals to have feathers. Feathers are composed of keratin, and occur as two types.

   1. Contour feathers overlap to produce a broad, flat . lifting surface.    2. Down feathers provide excellent insulation . against loss of body heat.

Birds are homeothermic; they have ability to maintain a constant, relatively high body temperature.

Homeothermy enables an animal to be continuously active in cold weather.

Feathers serve for insulation and for flight.        

Keeled breastbone anchors muscles used in flight.

Respiratory air sacs are extensive to gain maximum oxygen for flight, using a one-way flow of air,

Air sacs maximize gas exchange and oxygenation of blood.

The wishbone (clavicle and ribs are fused together) stabilizes the shoulder joint and prevent collapse of shoulder during flight         

6 Characteristics of Birds

Endothermic (warm blooded)

Vertebrates (Hollow Bones!)

4 Chamber Heart

All Have Feathers

All Lay Eggs

Have Scales on Feet and Legs

Aves

Their nearly hollow bones ( honey combed) provide lightweight strength.

Birds possess a four-chambered heart; a double-loop circulatory system separates oxygenated blood

Birds

Characteristics: Have feathers Lay eggs Have bodies specially adapted for

flight Have a beak rather than teeth Very acute vision and excellent muscle

reflexes

Types of Feathers

• Contour: A large feather/gives

shape to birds body• Down: Short fluffy/traps heat

keeps the

bird warm

How do birds fly?• The top has less “air pressure” and this produces

an UPWARD force

• (This is called lift!)

The Science of Bird Flight

Birds who do NOT fly!

• Penguins

• Ostriches

• Emus

There are more fake flamingos in the world than real flamingos.

Characteristics: Have teeth differentiation Have hair Are warm blooded

(endothermic) Have a single jaw bone Have inner ear bones Produce milk for their young

Are Dioecious Most are viviparous ( bear living

young and nourished by mother) Some are oviparous: lay eggs that

develop outside mom

Mammals have larger brains and seem to be the most capable learners. 

Have a 4 chambered heart and a double-loop circulatory system

 Mammalian mothers nourish their babies with milk (mammary glands)

About 4,500 species of mammals belong to class Mammalia

The 3 major groups of extant Mammals are:

1. Monotremes 2. Marsupials 3. Placental mammals

    Mammals That Lay Eggs Examples include the duckbill platapus and spiney anteater           

Every evolutionists worst nightmare – impossible to explain!

Mammals That Have Pouches Marsupials begin development

inside the mother's body but are then born in a very immature state.

Newborns crawl up into a pouch on their mother's abdomen.

Inside a pouch they attach to nipples of mother's mammary glands and develop

Opossum:

American

Marsupial

– The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal.

Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very “uncooked”, and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development.

Kangaroo Birth

17 Weeks

Mammals That Have Placentas Placenta supplies nutrients to

and removes wastes from blood of developing offspring

Placenta enables young to be born in a relatively advanced stage of development

Young have long period of dependency on parents after birth

The Placenta is Key

based on mode of locomotion and method of obtaining food.

I. Order Perissodactyla (horses, zebras, tapirs, and rhinoceroses) odd toed ungulates

II. Order Artiodactyla (pigs, cattle, deer, buffaloes, giraffes) even toed ungulates

III. Order Carnivora (Meat eaters, tigers, wolves, etc.)

IV. Order Primates (lemurs, monkeys, apes, man)

V. Order Cetacea (dolphins, whales)VI. Order Chiroptera (bats)VII.Order Rodentia (rats, mice, squirrels,

beavers, porcupines)VIII.Order Proboscidea (elephants,

mammoths)IX. Order Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares,

pikas)X. Order Xenarthran ( sloth, anteaters,

armadillos)

Baby GiraffeSix Feet Tall

Hippo milk is pink

270 species are in order Carnivora.                 a. Meat-eaters including the dogs, cats, raccoons, bears & skunks.                

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63Ch2pNkZwU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eTL9LoF2FE

           contains 180 species of lemurs, monkeys, gibbons, chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans.

includes about 80 species of whales and dolphins.                

The heart of a blue whale is so big, a human can swim through the

arteries.

            contains 925 species of nocturnal bats.                

Don’t forget that bats use sonar to fly in total darkness!

• Then remember that no mutation ever produces new genetic information.

• Therefore, bats must have been created from the beginning with the ability to fly.

            mice, rats, squirrels, beavers, and

porcupines).                 This is largest order with 1,760 species.                

. Only two extant species are in order Proboscidea: the elephants and mamoths.                

Upper lip and nose are elongated and muscularized forming a prehensile trunk.

They are herbivores and are largest living land mammals.

            65 species of rabbits, hares, and pikas.             Their hind legs are longer than their front legs

Most of the mammals in this order have simple teeth without enamel, and a few have no teeth at all.

. Armadillos nearly always give birth to identical quadruplets.

In biology: Hybrid (biology),

the offspring resulting from

cross-breeding of different plants or

animals.