a cell is the smallest unit of all living beings. ◦ they are the structrural and functional units...

A cell is the smallest unit of all living beings. ◦ They are the structrural and functional units for

all thing things How many cells are there in the human

body? 1,800,000 to 2,400,000 dead skin cells fall

off every hour, so billions fall off everyday.

Plasmatic membrane

Cytoplasm

DNA

Animal Cell Plant Cell

You-care-ee-ot-ick = EukaryoticYou-care-ee-oat = Eukaryote

Genetic material is a long molecule of DNA, called Nucleoid and sometimes small fragments of DNA called plasmids

Do not have any organelles, except ribosomes (carry out protein synthesis)

◦ Flagella( movement) and◦ Fimbriae(enable bacteria to

attach themselves to surfaces)

Example: Bacteria

Many chemical reactions take place in the plasmatic membrane, which has folds called mesosomes

◦ They have a rigid cover, called the cell wall

Types of cells

The eukaryotic animal cell

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• Eukaryotic animal cells are more complex and generally larger that prokaryotic cells

Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Storage vesicles

Centriole

Lysosomes

Cytoskeleton

UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Main menu

Like a company What kinds of jobs are there in a company? These are the types of jobs that the

organelles do within the cell. Let’s look a few:

◦ Cell membrane, Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi body, Vesicles, and Mitochondria

What does it do?◦ Controls what enters

and exits the cell Where is it on the

diagram?◦ The blue exterior of

the cell

◦ More functions of cell membrane:

◦ Detects stimuli◦ and allows

communication between cells

Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus

It contains: Organelles Cytosqueleton which is a

network of filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move

What does it do?◦ It controls what the cell

does. (Genetic material)

It’s a large organelle inside it (nucleolus)

It has it’s own membrane: nuclear envelope with nuclear pores.

Nucleolus is a round, dense structure where ribosomes are formed.

Chromatin: It is a combination of DNA and proteins which makes up the genetic material.

In cell division,

chromatin

condenses (makes

Shorter) into

chromosomes

The nucleus is surrounded by a porous

double membrane and contains a substance similar to cytoplasm (nucleoplasm)

Lysosomes

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes are organelles that carry out digestion in the cell.

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UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Types of cells

Centrioles

• Centrioles control the movement of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis

• They are also used in the formation of cilia and flagella, filaments that are responsible for the cell’s movement.

Centriole

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UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Types of cells

Rough E.R. What does it do?

Modifies proteinsReceives proteins from “free” ribosomes and transport them to the Golgi body

Smooth E.R.Lipids (fats) are synthesized here

What do they do?◦ Store substances to

be used later or to be thrown away

Vak-you-ols = Vacuoles

Lysosomes: Rounded vesicles produced by the G………..

Inside the lysosomes are hydrolitic enzymes.

Fuction: cellular digestion

What does it do?◦ Receives

substances, modifies them, and then sends them out

Why do you think there are so many vesicles surrounding this organelle?

Gol-gee Body= Golgi Body

Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

• The Golgi apparatus processes and packages substances. The vesicles transport the substances to other part of the cell or outside.

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UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Types of cells

What does it do?Through cellular respiration, mitochondria produce most of the energy of a cell

Do you think cells have just one mitochondrion?

Why or why not?

Might-oh-kon-dree-on = MitochondrionMight-oh-kon-dree-ah = Mitochondria

Endoplasmic reticulum

Endoplasmic reticulum

• The E.R. transports proteins made by the ribosomess and sends them to the Golgi apparatus.

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UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Types of cells

Cytoplasm fills the space between the cell membrane and the nucleus

It contains: Hyaloplasm ( fluid) Organelles Cytoskeleton: Network of

filaments that gives shape to the cell and enables it to move

Ribosomes

Ribosome

• Ribosomes synthesise proteins.

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UNIT

1

Secondary Education

Types of cells

DEFINE CELL

Which organelle processes and packages substances received from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport them out of the cell?

Activities:

Question 2 from page 12: Make a table showing the differences between animal cell and plant cell

Question 3 and 4 from page 14