Ammonia & Its salts

Ammonia & Its salts Group name: Alicia Ashley, Lee Caryn, Nishel Kaur, Sheryl Lim, Tan Lynn Xin, Wong Yong Zhong Yap Wei Ren Class: 4 Zamrud Teacher: Miss Kalaivalli

Properties of ammonia Colourless gas Alkaline Very soluble in H2O: NH3 + H2O NH4 + OH Turns red litmus paper blue Gives out a pungent smellAqueous NH3 reacts with solution of metal ions to produce metal hyrdoxides

Gives a white fume when reacted with hydrogen chloride gas, HCL.Testing for Ammonia1. Ammonia is the only common alkaline gas, so it can be identified with moist red litmus paper turning blue.2. Concentrated ammonia when reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid produces white fume.NH3 (g) + HCl (g) NH4Cl (g)Uses of Ammonia

Manufacture of ammonia (haber process)Ammonia is manufactured in industries through Haber Process.Nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed in the ratio of 1:3 volumes and passes through the reactor.The mixture of gas is compressed to a high pressure of 200 atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 450C 550C. Iron is used as catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction.About 98% of mixture are converted into ammonia, NH3.The unreacted nitrogen gas, N2 and hydrogen gas, H2 are recycled and passed back into the reactor together with the new source of nitrogen gas, N, and hydrogen gas, H2.Chemical equation below shows the reaction.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Preparation of ammonia Fertiliser Ammonia fertiliser is a nitrogen fertiliser that supplies nitrogen element to animals and plants during formation of protein.Steps in preparing ammonia fertiliser:Step 1: Ammonia solution + acid ammonium saltStep 2: Ammonium salt is evaporated to obtain a saturated ammonium salt solution.Step 3: The saturated ammonium salt solution is cooled and crystallised to obtain ammonia fertiliser.Examples of ammonia fertiliser :Ammonia solution + sulphuric acid ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4Ammonia solution + nitric acid ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3Ammonia solution + phosphoric acid ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4