AMLE Presentation, Part I

Implementing Common Core

Literacy Standards in a Science Classroom

AMLE Annual ConferenceNovember 11, 2011Dr. Ginni Fair, Eastern Kentucky UniversityMr. Jason Fair, Clark Middle School

Outcomes: Attendees will be able to…

1. Explain the organization of the Common Core literacy standards.

2. Determine qualifications for strategic teaching and learning.

3. Discuss how the content and process of science instruction aligns with literacy development.

4. Identify strategies for teaching science and literacy together.

Students’ Literacy Skills: Problematic?“Biancarosa and Snow (2004) reported that approximately eight million

adolescents struggled with reading. The National Endowment for the Arts (2007) found that “little more than a

third of high school seniors now read proficiently” (p. 13). The U.S. Department of Education suggested that “reading ability is a key

predictor of achievement in mathematics and science, and the global information economy requires today’s American youth to have far more advanced literacy skills than those required by any previous generation” (Kamil et al., 2008, p. 1).

Alvermann (2003) suggested resisting the temptation to “fix” learners and instead address the learning conditions to meet their needs. She cautioned against schools focusing on finding a “magic bullet” (p. 2).

Researchers have also voiced concerns that external pressures and mandates force teachers to work in classrooms where they have little say in how they are teaching (Alvermann, 2003; Santa, 2006)” (637-638).

What can we do about it?“We found that reading comprehension was below level for all students in the

study, but none of them were receiving intervention focused on comprehension. Tamika and Kathy received intervention focused on phonics in scripted programs, which were not aligned with their needs or learning strengths. For the other students, the problem was more a lack of any comprehension instruction. The students told us they just read and answered questions in their language arts classes. The students also all expressed concerns that they had the most problems reading in content area classes and received no help with strategies on how to understand those materials. The students’ low comprehension levels were in expository text. Since most of the reading they will do during the rest of their schooling and in future employment will be in this type of text, instruction needs to focus on strategies for understanding its different types” (p.643).

Pitcher, Martinez, Dicembre, Fewster, McCormick, “The Literacy Needs of Adolescents in their own Words,” (2010).

How do teachers promote strategic learning?

Giving students a worksheet to

match vocabulary words to their

definitions.

How do teachers promote strategic learning?

Asking students to write a summary after they read a selection of text.

How do teachers promote strategic learning?

Allowing students to work in groups or partners when

completing a classroom task.

How do teachers promote strategic learning?

Engaging students in pre-reading, during reading,

and/or after reading exercises.

How do teachers promote strategic learning?

Teaching students what a strategy is, how to use it, and

when to use it.

For learning to be STRATEGIC…

Students must have DECLARATIVE knowledge (what is the strategy?)

Students must have PROCEDURAL knowledge (how do I use that strategy?)

Students must have CONDITIONAL knowledge (when might I use this strategy?)

So what’s the difference in a TEACHING strategy and a LEARNING strategy?

The Inquiry Wheel

Robinson. J. Chem. Ed. 2004, 81, 791http://www.ed.psu.edu/CI/Journals/2002aets/f3_reiff_harwood_p.rtf

Literacy Standards

Bybee, R.W., Taylor, J.A., Gardner, A., Van Scotter, P., Powell, J.C., Westbrook, A., and Landes, N. (2006). The BCSC 5E Instructional Model: Origins and Effectiveness, A Report Prepared for the Office of Science Education National Institutes of Health, Colorado Springs: BSCS.

Bybee, R.W., Taylor, J.A., Gardner, A., Van Scotter, P., Powell, J.C., Westbrook, A., and Landes, N. (2006). The BCSC 5E Instructional Model: Origins and Effectiveness, A Report Prepared for the Office of Science Education National Institutes of Health, Colorado Springs: BSCS.

Reading Standard 1

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts.

• Connection to Science:– Defining the Problem– Investigating the Known– Interpreting the Results– Reflecting on the Findings

Engagement

Exploration

Explanation

Elaboration

Reading Standard 2

Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; provide an accurate summary of the text distinct from prior knowledge or opinions.

• Connection to Science:– Observing– Defining the Problem– Investigating the Known– Articulating the Expectation– Interpreting the Results– Reflecting on the Findings

Engagement

Exploration

Explanation

Elaboration