amit greeen chemistry
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GREEN CHEMISTRY
DEFINITION Green Chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates
the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture andapplication of chemical products.
GREEN CHEMISTRY IS ABOUT Waste Minimisation at Source
Use of Catalysts in place of Reagents
Using NonTo!ic Reagents
Use of Rene"a#le Resources
Impro$e% &tom Efficiency Use of Sol$ent 'ree or Recycla#le En$ironmentally (enign Sol$ent systems
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Green Chemistry Is About
Cost
Waste
Materials
Ha)ar%
Ris*
Energy
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Chemistry is un!eni"b#y " $ery %rominent
%"rt o& our !"i#y #i$es
Chemi'"# !e$e#o%ments "#so brin( ne)
en$ironment"# %rob#ems "n! h"rm&u#
une*%e'te! si!e e&&e'ts+ )hi'h resu#t in the
nee! &or ,(reener- 'hemi'"# %ro!u'ts A &"mous e*"m%#e is the %esti'i!e DDT
W+y %o "e nee% Green C+emistry ,
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Green c+emistry#oo.s "t %o##ution %re$ention on
the mo#e'u#"r s'"#e "n! is "n e*treme#y im%ort"nt
"re" o& Chemistry !ue to the im%ort"n'e o&
Chemistry in our )or#! to!"y "n! the im%#i'"tions
it '"n sho) on our en$ironment
The Green C+emistry%ro(r"m su%%orts thein$ention o& more en$ironment"##y &rien!#y
'hemi'"# %ro'esses )hi'h re!u'e or e$en
e#imin"te the (ener"tion o& h"/"r!ous subst"n'es
This %ro(r"m )or.s $ery '#ose#y )ith the t)e#$e%rin'i%#es o& Green C+emistry.
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1. PreventionIt is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it has been created.
2. Atom EconomySynthetic methods should be designed to maximise the incorporation of all materialsused in the process into the final product.
. !ess "azardous Chemical #ynthesisWherever practicable, synthetic methods should be designed to use and generatesubstances that possess little or no toxicity to people or the environment.
$. %esigning #afer ChemicalsChemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimisingtheir toxicity.
&. #afer #olvents and Au'iliariesThe use of auxiliary substances (e.g., solvents or separation agents should be madeunnecessary whenever possible and innocuous when used.
(. %esign for Energy Efficiency!nergy re"uirements of chemical processes should be recognised for their environmentaland economic impacts and should be minimised. If possible, synthetic methods should beconducted at ambient temperature and pressure.
The 01 2rin'i%#es o& Green Chemistry 30456
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) *se of +eneable -eedstoc.s
# raw material or feedstoc$ should be renewable rather than depleting whenever technically andeconomically practicable.
/ +educe %erivatives%nnecessary derivati&ation (use of bloc$ing groups, protection'deprotection, and temporary modification
of physical'chemical processes should be minimised or avoided if possible, because such steps re"uire
additional reagents and can generate waste.
0 CatalysisCatalytic reagents (as selective as possible are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
1 %esign for %egradationChemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they brea$ down into innocuous
degradation products and do not persist in the environment.
11 +ealtime Analysis for Pollution Prevention#nalytical methodologies need to be further developed to allow for realtime, inprocess monitoring and
control prior to the formation of ha&ardous substances.
12 3nherently #afer Chemistry for Accident PreventionSubstances and the form of a substance used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimise the
potential for chemical accidents, including releases, explosions, and fires.
The 01 2rin'i%#es o& Green Chemistry 374016
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-It is #etter to pre$ent "aste t+an to
treat or clean
up "aste after it is forme%
emical
Process
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C#"ssi' Route to Ibu%ro&en
#c)*
#lCl+
C*C+
Cl, #c*, #l Waste
ClC)C*
)!t
-a*!t
*!t*
)C
Cl
)* '
*C
#c*
-)*
*--
)* '
*)C
-+
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Hoe'hst Route To Ibu%ro&en
*
/
#c*
#c)*
)' -i
*
C*, 0d
*)C
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-T+e use of au!iliary su#stances /e.g. sol$ents0
separation agents0 etc.1 s+oul% #e ma%e
unnecessary"+ere$er possi#le0 an% innocuous "+en use%
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-Energy re2uirements s+oul% #e recogni)e% fort+eir en$ironmental impacts an% s+oul% #e
minimi)e%.
Synt+etic met+o%s s+oul% #e con%ucte% at
am#ientpressure an% temperature
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Heating
CoolingStirring
3istillation
Compression
4umping
Separation
Energy Re2uirement
/electricity1(urn fossil
fuel
C56to
atmosp+ere
G75(&7
W&RMING
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-& ra" material of fee%stoc* s+oul% #e
rene"a#lerat+er t+an %epleting "+ere$er tec+nically
an%
economically practical
Nonrene"a#le Rene"a#le
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Resource 3epletion
1 2enewable resources can be madeincreasingly viable technologicallyand economically through greenchemistry.
(iomass
Nanoscience
Solar
Car#on%io!i%e
Waste utili)ation
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4oly lactic aci% /47&1 for plastics pro%uction
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4oly+y%ro!yal*anoates /4H&8s1
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Ener(y
G#ob"# Ch"n(e Resour'e De%#etion
Foo! Su%%#y
To*i's in the En$ironment
The m"8or uses o& GREEN CHEMISTRY
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Energy
The vast ma3ority of the energy
generated in the world today is
from nonrenewable sources that
damage the environment.Carbon dioxide
4epletion of *&one layer !ffects of mining, drilling, etc
Toxics
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Energy
5reen Chemistry will be essential in developing the alternatives for energy
generation (photovoltaics, hydrogen, fuel
cells, biobased fuels, etc. as well as
continue the path toward energy efficiency
with catalysis and product design at the
forefront.
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Glo#al C+ange
Concerns for climate change,
oceanic temperature, stratospheric
chemistry and global distillation canbe addressed through the
development and implementation
of green chemistry technologies.
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Resource 3epletion
4ue to the over utili&ation of non
renewable resources, natural
resources are being depleted at an
unsustainable rate.
/ossil fuels are a central issue.
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Resource 3epletion
2enewable resources can be madeincreasingly viable technologically and
economically through green chemistry. 6iomass -anoscience 7 technology Solar
Carbon dioxide Chitin Waste utili&ation
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'oo% Supply
While current food levels are sufficient,
distribution is inade"uate
#gricultural methods are unsustainable /uture food production intensity is
needed.
5reen chemistry can address manyfood supply issues
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'oo% Supply
5reen chemistry is developing8 0esticides which only affect target
organisms and degrade to innocuousbyproducts. /ertili&ers and fertili&er ad3uvants that
are designed to minimi&e usage while
maximi&ing effectiveness. 9ethods of using agricultural wastes
for beneficial and profitable uses.
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To!ics in t+e En$ironment
Substances that are toxic to humans,
the biosphere and all that sustains it,
are currently still being released at acost of life, health and sustainability.
*ne of green chemistry:s greatest
strengths is the ability to design forreduced ha&ard.
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4re$ention 9 Re%uction
Recycling 9 Reuse
Treatment
3isposal
2o##ution 2re$ention Hier"r'hy
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Conclusion
Green chemistry 4ota solution
to all environmental problems 5utthe most fundamental approach to
preventing pollution.
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T+an* you
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