amerind history and culture a brief overview of pre-columbian america
TRANSCRIPT
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Amerind History and CultureA Brief Overview of Pre-Columbian
America
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I. Native American Land Wisdom
Myth or reality?
Is this history?
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A. Why consider them?
1. European survival
2. Confluence of environment and culture
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B. Who were they?1. Early guesses (Jose de Acosta)
2. Pleistocene Epoch migration (30,000-15,000 BC)
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C. Clovis Technology
1. 12,000-8,000 BC
2. Global technology
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II. Development of Regional Cultures
Climate change
over-hunting
“Pleistocene Overkill”
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A. Climatic diversification
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1. Folsom technology cooperative hunting
2. Desert culturelimited nomadism
3. Forest efficiencyhunt, gather, burn
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B. Agriculture1. 7,000-5,000 BC (late but independent)
disadvantages of nomadism
2. Agriculture breeds complexity
pop. Growth
tribal organization
urbanization
gender roles: production & reproduction
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3. 1200 AD, Anasazi culture (sw)
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4. Mississippian culture (mound builders)
Cahokia (1200 AD, 30,000 people)
ecological instability
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III. The Americas on the eve of colonization
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In 1492…
- 2000 distinct cultures in the West. Hem.
- 60m people?
Aztecs dominate Mexico
Incas dominate South America
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North America
Southwest - Pueblos, Pimas
Southeast - Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee
Northeast - Iroquois Confederacy (Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca)
combined farming w/ hunting? Easy targets?