America’s Role in the America’s Role in the International CommunityInternational Community

Foreign AidForeign Aid

North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization

G-20 (today)G-20 (today)

United NationsUnited Nations

NAFTANAFTA

International Red CrossInternational Red Cross

U.S. Foreign AidU.S. Foreign Aid

Economic and military aid to other Economic and military aid to other countries for something in returncountries for something in return– 2009 budget request $39.5 billion2009 budget request $39.5 billion

Total federal budget 3.1 trillionTotal federal budget 3.1 trillion

Goal of AidGoal of Aid– Increase U.S. security Increase U.S. security – Food, housingFood, housing– Health care – AIDS, immunizations, ect..Health care – AIDS, immunizations, ect..

Regional Security AlliancesRegional Security Alliances

Agreements with other nations to take Agreements with other nations to take collective action to meet aggressioncollective action to meet aggression

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)– Military security – 1949Military security – 1949– Promotes democracy, freedom, and collective Promotes democracy, freedom, and collective

defensedefense

NATO AgreementNATO Agreement

Article 5Article 5““The Parties agree that an armed attack The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an North America shall be considered an attack against them all… taking such attack against them all… taking such action as it deems necessary, including action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.”area.”

██ NATO member states██ Countries due to join 2009

NATO Members 2009

Member nations:

US, Canada, Britain, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey

International OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsG-20G-20– Group of nations that meet to discuss key Group of nations that meet to discuss key

issues in the Global economy.issues in the Global economy.– France, Canada, Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Canada, Japan, Germany, Italy,

Russia, U.K., U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Saudi Russia, U.K., U.S., Brazil, Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Mexico and othersArabia, Turkey, Mexico and others

– 20092009Met in ItalyMet in ItalyIssuesIssues

– Global economic recession, world trade, regional crises Global economic recession, world trade, regional crises and global warmingand global warming

– 2010 – Canada2010 – CanadaIssuesIssues

– Free trade, global warming, human rights and the world Free trade, global warming, human rights and the world economyeconomy

United NationsUnited Nations

Founded in 1945Founded in 1945– HistoryHistory

WWIWWI– League of Nations failure League of Nations failure

United States did not joinUnited States did not join

Did not prevent WWIIDid not prevent WWII

WWIIWWII– HolocaustHolocaust– Nuclear WeaponsNuclear Weapons

Preamble to the United Nations Preamble to the United Nations chartercharter

WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINEDDETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and sorrow to mankind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, other sources of international law can be maintained, and and to promote social progress and better standards of to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, life in larger freedom,

Preamble continuedPreamble continuedAND FOR THESE ENDSAND FOR THESE ENDS

to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and as good neighbours, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, economic and social advancement of all peoples,

HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMSTHESE AIMSAccordingly, our respective Governments, through Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have representatives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.United Nations.

United NationsUnited Nations

Goal – promote peace, and improve living Goal – promote peace, and improve living conditions around the worldconditions around the world– security, justice and problem solvingsecurity, justice and problem solving

192 member states192 member states

United Nations OrganizationUnited Nations Organization

1. General Assembly – all members 1 vote1. General Assembly – all members 1 vote– chief deliberative, policymaking and representative chief deliberative, policymaking and representative

organorgan

2. Security Council2. Security Council– Military arm of the U.N.Military arm of the U.N.– 15 members15 members

5 permanent – U.S., France, China, Britain, Russia5 permanent – U.S., France, China, Britain, Russia

3. Economic and Social Council3. Economic and Social Council– Focus on issues related to economic, cultural, Focus on issues related to economic, cultural,

educational and health care serviceseducational and health care services

United Nations Organization Cont..United Nations Organization Cont..

4. The International Court of Justice4. The International Court of Justice– Judicial arm of the U.N. – The court systemJudicial arm of the U.N. – The court system– The HagueThe Hague

5. The Secretariat5. The Secretariat– Ensures day-to-day operations of the United Ensures day-to-day operations of the United

Nations are completedNations are completed– Lead by Secretary General – Ban Ki-MoonLead by Secretary General – Ban Ki-Moon

U.N. in actionU.N. in action

Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948Universal Declaration of Human Rights – 1948– Article 1. - Article 1. - All human beings are born free and equal All human beings are born free and equal

in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.in a spirit of brotherhood.

– Defines the rights of all peopleDefines the rights of all people

Kyoto Treaty – 2005Kyoto Treaty – 2005– Agreement to improve environmental standards Agreement to improve environmental standards

around the worldaround the world

Mutual Trade AgreementMutual Trade Agreement

An agreement between nations to limit An agreement between nations to limit trade barriers.trade barriers.

NAFTA – North American Free Trade NAFTA – North American Free Trade AgreementAgreement– Established in 1994Established in 1994– Goal: to promote free trade between the U.S., Goal: to promote free trade between the U.S.,

Canada, and MexicoCanada, and Mexico

International Red CrossInternational Red Cross

Founded in 1863Founded in 1863

Mission - To prevent suffering by Mission - To prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal humanitarian principles.law and universal humanitarian principles.

International Humanitarian OrganizationInternational Humanitarian Organization

Provides relief to countries during times of Provides relief to countries during times of war, natural disaster or disease.war, natural disaster or disease.