america’s first president

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America’s First President George Washington set many precedents while in office 1789- 1797 Watch the following film clip and identify the precedents set

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America’s First President. George Washington set many precedents while in office 1789-1797 Watch the following film clip and identify the precedents set. Problems during the Washington Administration. (1789 – 1797). The French Revolution. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: America’s First President

America’s First President

George Washington set many precedents while in office 1789-1797

Watch the following film clip and identify the precedents set

Page 2: America’s First President

Problems during the Washington Administration

(1789 – 1797)

Page 3: America’s First President

The French Revolution

U.S. and France had signed Treaty of Alliance in 1778 – help to US during American Revolution;

France expected US help during the French Revolution

1793 – President Washington issued Proclamation of Neutrality – not in the best interest of US to choose sides in French Revolution

Page 4: America’s First President

Treaty with Spain

Spain controlled Florida and Louisiana Territory

Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo)- 1795 Spain gave up claims to land east of

Mississippi River (except Florida) 31st parallel boundary Allowed Americans to use Mississippi River

and port at New Orleans (right of deposit)

Page 5: America’s First President

Problems with Native Americans

Native Americans did not recognize the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1783) & wanted to negotiate with US government over tribal claims

US military forces defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, ending Native American resistance in Ohio

Treaty of Greenville – Miami agreed to give up land in Ohio in exchange for $20,000 in goods, and annual payment of $10,000.

Page 6: America’s First President

Jay’s Treaty

Negotiated by John Jay (1794) in attempt to resolve issue of British forts that remained in Northwest Territory

British agreed to evacuate these forts Very unpopular with Americans but it did

prevent war between US and Great Britain

Page 7: America’s First President

What precedents were set during Washington’s Administration?

Washington named a cabinet of advisors Jefferson was named Secretary of State Hamilton was appointed Secretary of the

Treasury Knox became Secretary of War Randolph was named Attorney General

Page 8: America’s First President

Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 Created 13 Federal District Courts Created 3 Circuit Courts of Appeal Supreme Court would have 1 Chief Justice and 5

Associate Justices Allowed state court decisions to be appealed to

federal court when constitutional issues were raised. Gave the Supreme Court the power to issue a

writ of mandamus (power to order government official to perform duties)

Page 9: America’s First President

Hamilton helped develop a financial plan for the new nation

Federal assumption of the state debt and full payment of all debt

Creation of a Bank of the United States Protective tariffs to encourage American

industries Excise taxes to raise money (excise tax on

whiskey)

Page 10: America’s First President

Controversy Resolved through Compromise

Some states objected to the Federal government’s plan to assume payment of the state debt

In a compromise, the states agreed to the repayment of the debt in exchange for relocating the nation’s capital from New York City temporarily to Philadelphia and then to the current location in the District of Columbia

Page 11: America’s First President

The Whiskey Rebellion

Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the excise tax on Whiskey

Washington accompanied the troops into Pennsylvania to stop the rebellion and collect the tax by force if necessary

The rebellion collapsed when troops arrived

Page 12: America’s First President

Compare Shays’ Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion

During Shays’ Rebellion the national government did not have the power to stop the rebellion

(no national army, no national executive)

The Whiskey Rebellion demonstrated that the new government under the Constitution did have the power to enforce its laws, with force if necessary

Page 13: America’s First President

Differing Political Opinions – Views on Government Hamilton

Strong central gov’t

Gov’t by “the rich, the well-born, and the able”

Jefferson Strong state

gov’t Limit power of

national gov’t “The Common

Man”

Page 14: America’s First President

Funding debts (National & State)

HamiltonFull payment of

federal & state debt

Establish good credit

Jefferson Pay only

national debt Don’t interfere

with state rights

Page 15: America’s First President

Bank of the United States

Hamilton Support BUS Use the elastic

clause to stretch money related powers

“loose interpretation”

Jefferson Opposed BUS Not in

Constitution Would favor

wealthy “Strict

interpretation”

Page 16: America’s First President

Excise Tax on Whiskey

Hamilton Support tax Raise money to

pay debt

Jefferson Opposed tax Would hurt

common farmers’ incomes

Page 17: America’s First President

Basis of the Economy

Hamilton Industry

Jefferson Agriculture

Page 18: America’s First President

Protective Tariff

HamiltonSupported

would protect American industries from foreign competition

JeffersonOpposed –

would raise prices and wouldn’t benefit common man

Page 19: America’s First President

Response to the French Revolution

Hamilton Support British

– value of trade Avoid too much

democracy

Jefferson Support French

– we inspired ideas of democracy

Page 20: America’s First President

Political Party most closely associated with Hamilton

Federalist

Jefferson Democratic-

Republican

Page 21: America’s First President

Washington set precedents in foreign policy

Issued the Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 during the ongoing French Revolution

Neutrality and Isolation become the basis of U.S. Foreign Policy for the next 150 years

Page 22: America’s First President

Washington’s Foreign Policy (continued)

Treaties signed with England and Spain were intended to maintain peace for the United States Jay’s Treaty with Britain did little to remove

British troops from U.S. soil but kept the U.S. out of war

Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain established the right of the U.S. to use the Mississippi River and “right of deposit” at New Orleans

Page 23: America’s First President

Foreign Policy

Miami Confederacy Use of military force to break the Native

American power and allow westward expansion and settlement

Page 24: America’s First President

Washington’s Foreign Policy (continued)

Washington’s Farewell Address warned the country of 2 concerns

Avoid political parties – they tend to divide the country

Avoid “entangling” alliances – short term, temporary alliances are better for the country

Page 25: America’s First President

The 2-term Presidency

Washington set the precedent of serving only 2 terms and then retiring

This precedent was followed by every President up to FDR, who was elected for 4 terms in office

In 1951, the 22nd Amendment to the U.S Constitution made the 2-term Presidency a part of the written Constitution

Page 26: America’s First President

American History: “Portraits of Power” (video clip)

Page 27: America’s First President

Why do you think historians rate Washington a “great” President?