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Americans with Disabilities Act Ms. Sam Wainford

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Outline History and basis for ADA ADA requirements How the ADA applies to web sites Use of color in web site design Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 2

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History and Basis for ADA ADA was signed into law in 1991 Became law in 1992 Purpose : ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in employment, state and local government services, businesses that are public accommodations, in transportation http://www.section508.gov/ http://www.section508.gov/ Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 3

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ADA Fundamentally, it prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in everyday activities Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 4

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ADA Requirements Businesses that serve the public must: Modify policies and practices that discriminate against people with disabilities Comply with accessible design standards Remove barriers in existing facilities Provide auxiliary aids and services Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 5

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ADA Requirements All businesses must comply with accessible design standards when constructing or altering facilities Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 6

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ADA and the WWW How does it apply? Guidelines: W3C Accessibility Initiative http://www.w3.org/WAI/ W3C Accessibility Initiative http://www.w3.org/WAI/ WebAIM Section 508 Checklist http://webaim.org/standards/508/checklist WebAIM Section 508 Checklist http://webaim.org/standards/508/checklist Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 7

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ADA and Web Sites Requires reasonable accommodations This includes ability to read a web site easily: Internally - by law Externally - by law and good idea Organizations that accept federal funds are required to meet Section 508 standards Accessibility improves Usability for all. Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 8

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W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/glance/http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/glance/ Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 9

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Perceivable Provide text alternatives for non-text content. Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia. Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by assistive technologies, without losing meaning. Make it easier for users to see and hear content. Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 10

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Make all functionality available from a keyboard. Give users enough time to read and use content. Do not use content that causes seizures. Help users navigate and find content. Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 11 Operable

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Understandable Make text readable and understandable. Make content appear and operate in predictable ways. Help users avoid and correct mistakes. Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 12

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Robust Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools. How will HTML5 affect Accessibility? http://html5accessibility.com/ http://html5accessibility.com/ Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 13

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Accessibility Best Practices If images, Flash, or DHTML is the main navigation, clear text links are in the footer section of the page Navigation is structured in an unordered list Navigation aids, such as site map, skip navigation link, or breadcrumbs are used Color is not used alone to convey meaning Image tags use the alt attribute to configure alternate text to display if the browser or user agent does not support images If graphics and/or media is used to convey meaning, the alternate text equivalent of the content is provided Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 14

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Accessibility Best Practices (continued) Captions are provided for each audio or video file used Use attributes designed to improve accessibility such as title and summary when appropriate Use the id and headers attributes to improve the accessibility of table data If the site uses frames, use frame titles and place meaningful content in the noframes area To assist screen readers configure the html element's lang and xml:lang attribute to indicate the spoken language of the page. http://terrymorris.net/bestpractices/index.htm Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 15

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What is Color Blindness? Often think of color blindness of not being able to see color at all. Only a small fraction of people have this problem More common is the inability to see certain colors Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 16

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Color Blindness Deuteranope - red/green color deficit Protanope - another red/green color deficit Tritanope - blue/yellow deficit Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 17

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Causes of Color Blindness What causes color blindness? Hereditary Age Medicine Cataracts Who is most likely to be color blind? Color blindness is sexist! Men are 20 times more likely to be color blind than women. ~10% of men Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 18

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Example Lets Pick Strawberries Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 19

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Test for Color-Blindness Ishihara Test for Color Blindness Ishihara Test for Color Blindness http://www.colour-blindness.com/colour-blindness- tests/ishihara-colour-test-plates/ http://www.colour-blindness.com/colour-blindness- tests/ishihara-colour-test-plates/ http://www.colour-blindness.com/colour-blindness- tests/colour-arrangement-test/ http://www.colour-blindness.com/colour-blindness- tests/colour-arrangement-test/ http://www.epa.gov/inter508/developers/colorblind.htm http://www.epa.gov/inter508/developers/colorblind.htm Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 20

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Other Issues with Color Saturated colors can cause problems Eye cannot focus on two saturated colors at the same time Result text can appear to float on background Can be visually tiring Reference: Other Color Design GuidelinesOther Color Design Guidelines http://colorusage.arc.nasa.gov/guidelines_ov_design.php http://colorusage.arc.nasa.gov/guidelines_ov_design.php http://colorusage.arc.nasa.gov/guidelines_lum_cont.php http://colorusage.arc.nasa.gov/guidelines_lum_cont.php ColorWizard Generate GREAT color schemes ColorWizard http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 21

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Web Color Solutions How to Test Your Web Site www.vischeck.comwww.vischeck.com ColorWizard Auto-Generate GREAT color schemes for your website: ColorWizard http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp http://www.colorsontheweb.com/colorwizard.asp Americans with Disabilities Act.ppt 22