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Page 1: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain
Page 2: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain
Page 3: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Americans vs. the BritishAmericans vs. the British

• Britain was first to the game—and didn’t Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!want competition!

• Britain forbade the export of textile Britain forbade the export of textile machinery—and mechanics!—to America.machinery—and mechanics!—to America.

• Samuel Slater sneaked out . . . (more to Samuel Slater sneaked out . . . (more to come)come)

• To compete, the U.S. passed the protective To compete, the U.S. passed the protective tariff of 1816 . . . And Francis Cabot Lowell tariff of 1816 . . . And Francis Cabot Lowell helped the process along!helped the process along!

Page 4: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System”

First spinning mill in RI, 1790

Samuel Slater: “Father of the Factory System”

First spinning mill in RI, 1790

AKA: “Slater the Traitor”

Page 5: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

The Lowell/Waltham System--farm girlsdormitories, cultural

activities in the evening, curfews, etc.

The Lowell/Waltham System--farm girlsdormitories, cultural

activities in the evening, curfews, etc.

Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814

Page 6: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Lowell in 1850-40,000 girls working by 1830

Lowell in 1850-40,000 girls working by 1830

Page 7: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Lowell MillLowell Mill

Page 8: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Lowell GirlsLowell Girls

Page 9: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

New EnglandTextile

Centers:

1830s

Page 10: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

New England Dominance in Textiles

New England Dominance in Textiles

Page 11: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

The Early Union MovementThe Early Union MovementWorkingman’s Workingman’s Party Party (1829)(1829) ** Founded by Founded by Robert Dale Robert Dale Owen and Owen and others in New others in New York City.York City.

• Early Early unions unions were were usually usually local, local, social, and social, and weak.weak.

Page 12: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain
Page 13: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Resourcefulness & Experimentation

Resourcefulness & Experimentation

p Americans were willing to try Americans were willing to try

anything.anything.

p They were first copiers, thenThey were first copiers, theninnovators.innovators.

1800 1800 41 patents were 41 patents were approved.approved.

1860 1860 4,357 “ “ “4,357 “ “ “

Page 14: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791

Page 15: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable Parts RifleInterchangeable Parts Rifle

Page 16: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

OliverEvansOliverEvans

First prototype of the First prototype of the locomotivelocomotive

First automated First automated flour millflour mill

Page 17: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

John Deere & the Steel Plow(1837)

Page 18: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Cyrus McCormick& the Mechanical Reaper:

1831

Page 19: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Samuel F. B. MorseSamuel F. B. Morse

1840 – Telegraph1840 – Telegraph

Page 20: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Elias Howe & Isaac SingerElias Howe & Isaac Singer

1840s1840sSewing MachineSewing Machine

Page 21: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

z They all regarded material They all regarded material advance as the natural fruit of advance as the natural fruit of American republicanism & proof American republicanism & proof of the country’s virtue and of the country’s virtue and promise.promise.

The “American Dream”The “American Dream”

A German visitor in the 1840s, A German visitor in the 1840s, Friedrich List, observed:Friedrich List, observed:

Anything new is quickly introduced Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to inventions. There is no clinging to old ways. The moment an old ways. The moment an American hears the word American hears the word “invention,” he pricks up his ears.“invention,” he pricks up his ears.

Page 22: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain
Page 23: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Cumberland (National Road), 1811

Page 24: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Erie Canal SystemErie Canal System

Page 25: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840

Page 26: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

Robert Fulton & the Steamboat

1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont

Page 27: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)The “Iron Horse” Wins! (1830)

1830 1830 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & 13 miles of track built by Baltimore & Ohio RROhio RR

By 1850 By 1850 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 9000 mi. of RR track [1860 31,000 31,000 mi.]mi.]

Page 28: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

TheRailroad

Revolution,1850s

p Immigrant laborImmigrant laborbuilt the No. built the No. RRs.RRs.

p Slave laborSlave laborbuilt the So. built the So. RRs. RRs.

Page 29: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain
Page 30: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Regional SpecializationRegional Specialization

EAST EAST IndustrialIndustrial

SOUTH SOUTH Cotton & SlaveryCotton & Slavery

WEST WEST The Nation’s The Nation’s “Breadbasket”“Breadbasket”

Page 31: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860

Changing Occupation Distributions:1820 - 1860

Page 32: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1820

Page 33: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

American Population Centers in 1860

American Population Centers in 1860

Page 34: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Irish Immigrant Girls at LowellIrish Immigrant Girls at Lowell

Page 35: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

National Origin of Immigrants:1820 - 1860

Why now?Why now?

Page 36: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

American View of the Irish Immigrant

American View of the Irish Immigrant

Page 37: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Distribution of WealthDistribution of Wealthv During the American During the American

Revolution,Revolution,45% of all wealth in the top 45% of all wealth in the top 10% of10% ofthe population.the population.

v 1845 Boston 1845 Boston top 4% owned top 4% owned overover 65% of the wealth. 65% of the wealth.v 1860 Philadelphia 1860 Philadelphia top 1% top 1% ownedowned over 50% of the wealth. over 50% of the wealth.v The gap between rich and poor The gap between rich and poor waswas widening! widening!

Page 38: Americans vs. the British Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition!Britain was first to the game—and didn’t want competition! Britain

Reform EraReform Era– Second Great Second Great

AwakeningAwakening– ““Benevolent Benevolent

Empire”Empire”– Temperance Temperance

MovementMovement

(To be discussed (To be discussed further in Ch. 11)further in Ch. 11)


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