american studies - 1,2

7/30/2019 American Studies - 1,2

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AMERICAN STUDIES

INTRODUCTION


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FLAG OF THE USA


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FLAG OF THE USA


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THE GRAT SEAL


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FACTS ABOUT USA

1. MOTTO


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IN GOD WE TRUST


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2. CAPITAL CITY?


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WASCHINGTON D.C.


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NATIONAL LANGUAGE?


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THERE IS NO NATIONALLANGUAGE


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GOVERNMENT


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FEDERAL

CONSTITUTIONALREPUBLIC


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AREA?


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9,826,675 km2

3,794,101 sq mi


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POPULATION


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308, 851, 00


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CURRENCY?


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DATE FORMAT


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M/D/YY

03/12/2010


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DECLARATION OF

INDEPENDANCE


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4 JULY 1776


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STATES OF THE USA

How many states are thesein the USA?


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List of states

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky[8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delawarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idahohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentuckyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinoishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idahohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delawarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizonahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama


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Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts[8]

Michigan

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma Oregon

Pennsylvania[8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jerseyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevadahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraskahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missourihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusettshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana


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Rhode Island[15]

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia[8]

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennesseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyominghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyominghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennesseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island


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GOVERNMENT


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BRANCHES OF THE USA

GOVERNMENT

1.LEGISLATIVE

2.EXECUTIVE

3.JUDICAL


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LEGISLATIVE

Established by Article I of the

Constitution, the Legislative Branch

consists of the House of Representatives

and the Senate, which together form the

United States Congress.


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The House of Representatives is made up

of435 elected members, divided amongthe 50 states in proportion to their total

population. In addition, there are 6 non-

voting members, representing theDistrict of Columbia, the Commonwealth

of Puerto Rico, and five territories of the

United States.


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Members of the House:

Are elected every two years,

Must be 25 years old,

Must be a US citizen for at least sevenyears

Must be a resident of the state they

represent.


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The House powers:

To initiate revenue bills,

To impeach federal officials,

To elect the President in the case ofan electoral college tie


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Senate

The Senate is composed of 100 Senators,

2 for each state. The Senators are

elected to six-year terms by the people

of each state. Senator's terms are

staggered so that about one-third of the

Senate is up for reelection every twoyears..


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Senators:

must be 30 years of age,

must be U.S. citizens for at least nine

years, must be residents of the state they

represent


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The Vice President of the United States

serves as President of the Senate and

may cast the decisive vote in the event of

a tie in the Senate.

The Senate has the sole power to confirm

those of the President's appointmentsthat require consent, and to ratify

treaties


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The Legislative process:

1. Introduction of a bill to Congress.

2. After being introduced, a bill is referred to

the appropriate committee for a review.

3. A bill is considered in a subcommittee.

4. If accepted it is reported to the full

committee.

5. The committee may call hearins to

investigate the merits of the bill


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b. In the Senate, debate on most bills is

unlimited Senators may speak to issues

other than the bill under consideration during

their speeches, and any amendment can be

introduced.

9. A bill must pass both houses of the Congress.

10. Than it goes to the President for

consideration.


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Powers of the Congress:

All legislative power in the government is

vested in Congress.

Article I of the Constitution enumerates the

powers of Congress and the specific areas in

which it may legislate.

Part of Congress's exercise of legislative

authority is the establishment of an annualbudget for the government


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Congress levies taxes and tariffs to provide

funding for essential government services. If

enough money cannot be raised to fund the

government, then Congress may also

authorize borrowing to make up the

difference. Congress can also mandatespending on specific items: legislatively

directed spending, commonly known as

"earmarks," specifies funds for a particularproject, rather than for a government agency.


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Both chambers of Congress have extensive

investigative powers, and may compel the

production of evidence or testimony towardwhatever end they deem necessary. Members

of Congress spend much of their time holding

hearings and investigations in committee.Refusal to cooperate with a Congressional

subpoena can result in charges of contempt of

Congress, which could result in a prison term.


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The Senate maintains several powers to itself:

It ratifies treaties by a two-thirds

supermajority vote and confirms the

appointments of the President by a majority

vote. The consent of the House of

Representatives is also necessary for theratification of trade agreements and the

confirmation of the Vice President


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EXECUTIVE BRANCH

The power of the Executive Branch is vested in

the President of the United States, who also

acts as head of state and Commander-in-Chief

of the armed forces. The President isresponsible for implementing and enforcing

the laws written by Congress and, to that end,

appoints the heads of the federal agencies,including the Cabinet.


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THE PRESIDENT

The President is both the head of state and

head of government of the United States of

America, and Commander-in-Chief of the

armed forces.


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Under Article II of the Constitution, the

President is responsible for the execution and

enforcement of the laws created by Congress.

The President also appoints the heads of more

than 50 independent federal commissions,such as the Federal Reserve Board or the

Securities and Exchange Commission, as well

as federal judges, ambassadors, and other

federal offices.


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The President has the power either to sign

legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by

Congress.

The President also has unlimited power to

extend pardons and clemencies for federal

crimes, except in cases of impeachment. the President has the power to negotiate and

sign treaties, which also must be ratified by

two-thirds of the Senate


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THE PRESIDENT:

must be 35 years old,

must be a natural born citizen

must have lived in the USA for at least 14

years.


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THE VICE PRESIDENT

The primary responsibility of the Vice

President of the United States is to be ready at

a moment's notice to assume the Presidency if

the President is unable to perform his duties.

The Vice President also serves as the President

of the United States Senate, where he or she

casts the deciding vote in the case of a tie.

EXECUTIVE OFFICE f th


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EXECUTIVE OFFICE of the

PRESIDENT:

To provide the President with the support the

he or she needs to govern effectively, the

Executive Office of the President (EOP) was

created in 1939 by President Franklin D.Roosevelt. The EOP has responsibility for tasks

ranging from communicating the President's

message to the American people to promotingour trade interests abroad.


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THE CABINET

The Cabinet is an advisory body made up of

the heads of the 15 executive departments.

Appointed by the President and confirmed by

the Senate, the members of the Cabinet areoften the President's closest confidants.


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In addition to running major federal agencies,

they play an important role in the Presidential

line of succession

after the Vice President,Speaker of the House, and Senate President

pro tempore, the line of succession continues

with the Cabinet offices in the order in whichthe departments were created. All the

members of the Cabinet take the title

Secretary, excepting the head of the Justice

Department, who is styled Attorney General.


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DEPARTMENTS:

OF AGRICULTURE

OF COMMERCE

OF DEFENSE

OF EDUCATION

OF ENERGY

OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES OF HOMELAND SECURITY


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OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPEMENT

OF THE INTERIOR OF JUSTICE

OF LABOR

OF STATE OF TRANSPORTATION

OF TREASURY

OF VETERANS AFFAIRS


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JUDICAL BRANCH

Where the Executive and Legislative branches

are elected by the people, members of the

Judicial Branch are appointed by the President

and confirmed by the Senate.

Article III of the Constitution, which

establishes the Judicial Branch, leaves

Congress significant discretion to determinethe shape and structure of the federal

judiciary


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Even the number of Supreme Court Justices is

left to Congress at times there have been as

few as six, while the current number (nine,with one Chief Justice and eight Associate

Justices) has only been in place since 1869


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The Constitution also grants Congress the

power to establish courts inferior to the

Supreme Court, and to that end Congress has

established the United States district courts,which try most federal cases, and 13 United

States courts of appeals, which review

appealed district court cases.


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Judges and justices serve no fixed term

they serve until their death, retirement, or

conviction by the Senate.

F d l t j th l t


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Federal courts enjoy the sole power to

interpret the law, determine the

constitutionality of the law, and apply it toindividual cases. The courts, like Congress, can

compel the production of evidence and

testimony through the use of a subpoena. The

inferior courts are constrained by the

decisions of the Supreme Court once the

Supreme Court interprets a law, inferior courts

must apply the Supreme Court'sinterpretation to the facts of a particular case.


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THE SUPREME COURT

The Supreme Court of the United States

is the highest court in the land and the

only part of the federal judiciaryspecifically required by the Constitution.


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All Justices are nominated by the President,

confirmed by the Senate, and hold their

offices under life tenure. Since Justices do nothave to run or campaign for re-election, they

are thought to be insulated from political

pressure when deciding cases. Justices mayremain in office until they resign, pass away,

or are impeached and convicted by Congress.


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The Court's decisions cannot be appealed to

any authority, as it is the final judicial arbiter

in the United States on matters of federal law.However, the Court may consider appeals

from the highest state courts or from federal

appellate courts. The Court also has originaljurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors

and other diplomats, and in cases between

states.


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Although the Supreme Court may hear an

appeal on any question of law provided it has

jurisdiction, it usually does not hold trials.

Instead, the Court's task is to interpret the

meaning of a law, to decide whether a law is

relevant to a particular set of facts, or to ruleon how a law should be applied. Lower courts

are obligated to follow the precedent set by

the Supreme Court when rendering decisions.


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