american national standard · 2020. 5. 28. · ansi® ansi/asse z359.0 – 2012 american national...

.

A S

S EAMERICAN SOCIETY OFSAFETY ENGINEERS

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

ANSI/ASSE Z359.0-2012Definitions and Nomenclature Used

for Fall Protection and Fall Arrest

Part of the Fall Protection Code

V E r S I o N 3

Licensed to juan sebastian muñoz. ANSI order X_493282. Downloaded 11/24/2017 12:27 PM. Single user license only. Copying and networking prohibited.

The information and materials contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited Z359 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or com-pleteness of this material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the Z359 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property


ANSI®ANSI/ASSE Z359.0 – 2012

American National Standard

e nition and Nomenclat re edor all rotection and all Arre t

Secretariat

American Societ o Sa et En ineer1800 East Oakton StreetDes Plaines, Illinois 60018-2187

A ro ed e r ar 23 2012

American National Standard In tit te Inc.


Published May, 2012 by

American Society of Safety Engineers1800 East Oakton StreetDes Plaines, Illinois 60018-21878 7 699-2929 .asse.org

Copyright ©2012 by American Society of Safety EngineersAll Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproducedin any form, in an electronic retrieval system orotherwise, without the prior written permissionof the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

Approval of an American National Standard re uires veri cation by ANSI that the re uire-ments for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the udgment of the ANSI oard of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be consid-ered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect pre-clude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. More-over, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaf rm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

AmericanNational Standard


ore ord (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Z359.0-2012.)

This standard, national in scope, was developed by an Accredited Standards Committee functioning under the procedures of the American National Standards Institute, with the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat.

It is intended that every employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the standard will adopt the guidelines and requirements detailed in this standard.

The need for this standards activity grew out of the continuing development of a series of fall protection-relat-ed standards. The focus is to tie the elements of those standards together and provide the tools with which employers may develop the programs that incorporate those elements. This standard also brings together the administrative requirements of those fall protection standards. It should be noted, as in all Z359-series standards, that this standard applies to occupational activities. It does not apply to sports activities such as mountaineering.

Neither the standards committee, nor the secretariat, states that this standard is perfect or in its ultimate form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of the standard will be necessary as the state-of-the-art progresses and further experience is gained. It is felt, however, that uniform guidelines for fall protection programs are very much needed and that the standard in its present form provides for the minimum criteria necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive managed fall protection program.

The Z359 Committee acknowledges the critical role of design in in uencing the use of proper fall protection equipment. Designs which eliminate fall hazards through the proper application of the hierarchy of safety controls are the preferred method for fall protection. Design de ciencies often increase the risk for employ-ees who may be exposed to fall hazards: examples are (1) lack of rail systems to prevent falls from machines, equipment and structures; (2) failure to provide engineered anchorages where use of personal fall arrest systems are anticipated; (3) no provision for safe access to elevated work areas; (4) installation of machines or equipment at heights, rather than oor/ground level to preclude access to elevated areas; (5) failure to plan for the use of travel restriction or work positioning devices. To that end, this series of standards also provides guidance for design considerations for new buildings and facilities.

asic fall safety principles have been incorporated into these standards, including hazard survey, hazard elimination and control, and education and training. The primary intent is to ensure a proactive approach to fall protection. However, the reactive process of accident investigation is also addressed to ensure that adequate attention is given to causation of falls.

The Z359 Committee solicits public input that may suggest the need for revisions to this standard. Such input should be sent to the Secretariat, ASC Z359, American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 E. Oakton Street, Des Plaines, IL 60018-2187.

This standard was developed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the American National Standards Committee on Standards for Fall Protection, Z359. Committee approval of the standard does not necessar-ily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the Z359 Committee had the following members:


Name of Representative

Raymond MannKurt Dietrich, P.E.Dean CarlisleLen radleyJubal D. Hamernik, Ph.D., P.E.John Stephen Frost, CSP, CSM

radley S. Mc illRoderick A. PaulChuck OrebaughJoey R. JunioJames RulloDeForest Can eldJ. Thomas Wolner, P.E.Judd PernerCraig erkenmeierStephanie AlvarezKevin WhaleyPaul DoepelJ. Nigel Ellis, Ph.D., P.E., CSP, CPEJohn T. Whitty, P.E.Hugh ArmstrongDavid LeeKen MahnickKyle SullivanRandall Wing eldDave LoughTimothy HealeyJerome Kucharski, CFPSGreg Small, P.Eng., M.Eng.Doug MyettePreston AndersonParul PatelFrank AnzaldiRon LarkinDan HennDan ShippDavid H. Pate, CUSAPaul ClarkeAndrew DiamondThomas Kramer, P.E., CSPRupert Noton, CEng, MIStructETim issett, Eng (Hons) CEng, MIMechETim Fletcher

Organization Represented

3M

American Airlines

American Society of Safety Engineers

ashlin Industries, Inc.

oeing Company

uckingham Mfg. Co., Inc.

Capital Safety Group

Chevron

Elk River, Inc

Ellis Fall Safety Solutions, LLC

Flexible Lifeline Systems

General Motors

Gravitec Systems, Inc.

Hartford Steam oiler Inspection Insurance Co.

High Engineering Corp.

Honeywell Safety Products

Hy-Safe Technology

ISEA – International Safety Equipment Association

Indianapolis Power and LightINSPEC International Ltd.

LJ Inc.

Latchways PLC

Randall Wing eld, Chairmanasil Tominna, P.E., ice Chairman

Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, SecretaryJennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support


Lawrence Livermore National SecurityLiberty Mutual Group

Lighthouse Safety LLCMSA

Monsanto

Murdock Webbing Co. Inc.

National Association of Tower Erectors

National Institute for Occupational Safety HealthPamela R. Huck, Inc.Peakworks

PenSafeReliance Industries, LLC

SPRAT – Society of Professional RopeAccess Technicians

Safety Connection

Safety Equipment InstituteSafety Through Engineering, Inc.

Sellstrom Manufacturing Co./RTC Division

Shell Exploration Production Co.

Skylotec N.A., LP

SPANCO, Inc.

Sturges Manufacturing Co., Inc.

Superior Energy Services, Inc.

Tractel Inc.

Transport Workers Union

TravelersTritech Fall Protection

United Auto Workers

U.S. Air Force Safety Center

Lynn CampJohn Rabovsky, MS, CSP, ARMCal SparksJohn CorriveauRobert ApelJohn GiovengoRobert Kling, P.E., CSPAdam Chapin

ob GolzGreg PilgrimGordon LymanDon DotyHongwei Hsiao, Ph.D.Pamela Huck, CSPTim AccursiGabe FuscoKeith SmithW. Joe ShawGary Choate

Loui McCurleyJim FrankClint Honeycutt, Sr.Janice HoneycuttSteve SandersMichael C. Wright, P.E., CPE, CSPMark WilliamsKenneth LemkeChris TsakiridisSteven Kim iggsJoe . GeorgeMark ConoverKurani SeyhanArnie Galpin, P.E.George NolanRichard Grif thTyler Grif thJoseph R. ParksSpencer ColbertDoug KnappJoseph KabisJerry YatesJames MarkScott H. Richert, CSP, ARM, ALCMJohn SetoCraig SicilianiTom KinmanJohn Rupp, Jr.Mark S. KantorowiczAndrew E. Salas


U.S. ureau of Reclamation

U.S. Department of Interior – OEMRE

U.S. Department of the Navy

ertical Access LLC

Western Area Power Administration

S gro p Z359.0 ad t e follo ing mem ers

asil Tominna, P.E. (Chair)Frank AnzaldiPamela Huck, CSPTom KinmanDavid H. Pate, CUSARandall Wing eldMike C. Wright, P.E., CPE, CSP

Shawn SmithShaun ReedJohn M. Cushing, Jr.Sara Corman

asil Tominna, P.E.Shawn SmithKelly Streeter, P.E.Kent DieboltJeff Wild


Contents SECTION .................................................................................................................. PAGE

1. Scope, Purpose, Application, Exceptions, and Interpretations .......................... 8 1.1 Scope .............................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Purpose and Application .............................................................................. 8 1.3 Exceptions ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Interpretations ................................................................................................ 8

2. De nitions ................................................................................................................ 8

3. List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................... 35


App r ove d A m e r i c a n N a t i o n a l S t a n d a

r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

ANSI/ASSE Z359.0-2012 American National Standard

8

STANDARD REQUIREMENTS

1. SCOPE, PURPOSE, APP ICATION, E CEP-TIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS

1.1 Scope. This standard establishes the de ni-tions and nomenclature used for the Z359 Fall Pro-tection Code.

1.2 P rpose and Application.

1.2.1 This standard addresses de nitions and no-menclature for the Z359 Fall Protection Code.

1.3 E ceptions.

1.3.1 The scope of these standards does not include window cleaner belts or sports-related activities.

1.3.2 ody belts, window cleaner belts, chest-waist harnesses and chest harnesses, even when re-ferred to as body supports, are not addressed by the provisions of these standards.

1.3.3 Systems that incorporate horizontal lifelines and personal protective systems for activities such as climbing, man riding, work positioning, rescue and evacuation may suitably incorporate compo-nents or subsystems speci ed herein. When in-corporated into such systems, however, those sys-tems, subsystems and components are not within the scope of these standards.

1.3. ariance from the requirements of these stan-dards are permissible in isolated instances of prac-tical dif culties when applying it at the user level, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree of protection is implemented.

1. Interpretations. Requests for interpretations of this standard shall be in writing and addressed to the Secretariat of this standard.

2. DE INITIONS

2.1 Activation Distance. The distance traveled by a fall arrester or the amount of line laid out by a self-retracting lanyard (SRL) from the point of on-set of a fall to the point where the fall arrester or

E P ANATOR INFORMATION(Not part of American National Standard Z359.0)

E1.3.2 Chest-waist harnesses refer to harnesses consisting of separate waist and chest components that are not integral as de ned these standards and that form a f ll od harness when com ined.

E1.3.3 This section recognizes that some fall pro-tection equipment meeting the requirements of these standards ma ha e multiple uses ma ing the equipment suita le for other uses. n such cas-es the equipment must e e aluated according to its use and the requirements of these standards are not applica le.

E2.1 Acti ation distance is part of the free fall dis-tance. The acti ation point is the point where the fall arrester engages the lifeline or in the case of an S where an internal ra e egins to engage.


9


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

self-retracting lifeline begins to apply a braking or stopping force.

2.2 Active Fall Protection Systems. A fall pro-tection system that requires authorized persons to wear or use fall protection equipment and that re-quires fall protection training.

2.3 Ad ster. A component that provides a means to vary the length of a strap, webbing or rope.

2. Administrative Controls. Employer mandat-ed safe work practices or procedures that are de-signed to prevent exposure to a fall by signaling or warning an authorized person to avoid approaching a fall hazard.

2.5 Anc orage. A secure connecting point or a terminating component of a fall protection system or rescue system capable of safely supporting the impact forces applied by a fall protection system or anchorage subsystem.

2.6 Anc orage Connector. A component or sub-system that functions as an interface between the

E2.2 Acti e fall protection s stems include an fall restraint fall arrest tra el restriction or administra-ti e controls used to protect authorized persons at height.

E2.3 Ad usters ma e used in lan ards made of rope and strap to pro ide means of ar ing the length to suit the user s needs. e ing ad usters ma e used in lieu of uc les in harnesses to ad-ust the harness t if the we ing ad uster meets the requirements for uc les set forth in these stan-dards.

E2.4 Administrati e controls can include training warning signs lights audi le alarms or other meth-ods that warn an authorized person to a oid ap-proaching a fall hazard. Administrati e controls are distinguished from wor procedures implemented for the purpose of protecting a person who is al-read located near the fall hazard. or procedures implemented to protect a person who is near the fall hazard are not co ered these standards.

E2.5 An anchorage meeting the requirements of these standards can safel withstand the foresee-a le forces that might e e erted on the fall protec-tion or rescue s stem. Care must e ta en to dis-tinguish etween an anchorage and an anchorage connector as those terms are used in these stan-dards. An anchorage is t picall a ed structural mem er such as a post stanchion eam girder column oor or wall required for the sta ilit and other purposes of the structure itself. amples in-clude a eam girder column or oor. An anchor-age connector on the other hand is a component that pro ides an interface to which the fall protec-tion or rescue su s stem ma e attached when the anchorage itself does not ha e a compati le connection point. Window cleaner anchors are out-side the scope of the Z359 standards. A fall arrest or restraint anchorage has a separate attachment location of an anchorage used to support or sus-pend wor ers or wor platforms.

E2.6 Anchorage connectors are t picall installed temporaril or permanentl on anchorages such



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


10

anchorage and a fall protection, work positioning, rope access or rescue system for the purpose of coupling the system to the anchorage.

2.7 Anc orage S system. A subsystem of a complete active fall protection system to which workers connect their personal equipment.

2.8 Arrest Distance. The total vertical distance re-quired to arrest a fall. The arrest distance includes the deceleration distance and activation distance.

2.9 Assisted Resc e. A rescue requiring the as-sistance of others.

2.10 Attac ment Element. A connector integral to the body support that provides a point on the body harness to which other components or connecting subsystems may be attached.

2.11 A t orized Person. For purposes of the Z359 standards, a person assigned by the employer to perform duties at a location where the person will be exposed to a fall hazard.

2.12 A t orized Resc er. A person assigned by the employer to perform rescue from fall protec-tion.

2.13 A tomatic Descent Control Device. A load lowering device or mechanism that automatically

as a eam girder column or oor. An anchorage connector ma e mo ea le or porta le such as a tripod or da it arm. An anchorage connector meet-ing the requirements of these standards can safel withstand the foreseea le forces that might e e -erted on the fall protection or rescue s stem.

E2.7 amples of anchorage su s stems include ed anchorages s s rigid rails and lad-

der-clim ing s stems. An anchorage su s stem ma allow one or more wor ers to e attached to it depending on its design. Anchorage su s stems are separated into two classes in these standards: e i le and rigid.

E2.10 The D-Ring is the most common attachment element. Attachment elements are t picall incor-porated into the od support for purposes such as fall arrest wor positioning tra el restriction lifting lowering and controlled descent.

E2.11 A person is authorized under these stan-dards if granted the authorit the emplo er to perform duties at a location where the person is e posed to a fall hazard. An emplo ee with prop-er authorit to e at a location where the are e -posed to one or more fall hazards is considered an authorized person. To compl with Z359 standards an authorized person is required to recei e training and to periodicall demonstrate the a ilit to safel use the appropriate fall protection equipment. An authorized person ma also e quali ed for other positions such as a competent person quali ed person or authorized rescuer.

E2.12 To compl with these standards an autho-rized rescuer is required to recei e training and to periodicall demonstrate the a ilit to perform res-cue from fall protection.


11


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

controls pay-out speed of line or descent speed under load once it has been engaged.

2.1 Availa le Clearance. The distance from a reference point, such as the working platform, to the nearest obstruction that an authorized person might contact during a fall which, if struck, could cause injury.

2.15 allasted Anc or. An anchorage that rests on, but is not mechanically connected to, an under-lying structure.

2.16 elt, ody. A body support comprised of a strap with means for securing it about the waist.

2.17 ody S pport. An assembly of webbing ar-ranged to support the human body for fall protection purposes, including during and after fall arrest.

2.18 ckle. A connector for attaching a strap or webbing segment to either another strap or web-bing segment or back to itself.

2.19 Capacity. The maximum weight that a compo-nent, system or subsystem is designed to hold.

2.20 Cara iner. A connector generally comprised of a trapezoidal or oval shaped body with a closed gate or similar arrangement that may be opened to attach another object and, when released, auto-matically closes to retain the object.

E2.15 A allasted anchor uses its own weight andor the lateral friction it de elops with the underl ing structure to resist the imposed forces.

E2.16 A od elt is sometimes referred to as a waist elt or safet elt. od elts are not suita le for fall arrest and are not intended for use as a od support in the arrest of a wor er s fall. od elts are not addressed ANS ASS Z359.3 standard for wor positioning or tra el restraint unless incor-porated into a wor positioning harness or full od harness. Window cleaner elts are addressed in WCA . standard.

E2.17 The term od support is generall used to refer to a full od harness chest harness chest-waist harness or a od elt. t generall includes ad usta le means for fastening it a out the od and attachment points suita le for fall protection applications.

E2.19 The com ined weight of the user and all clothing tools and other o ects orne or carried

the user is considered in determining whether the capacit has een e ceeded.

E2.20 n addition cara iner ma also e spelled ara iner. There are generall three t pes of car-

a iners: (i) the automatic or self-loc ing t pe (re-quired these standards) with a self-closing self-loc ing gate that remains closed and loc ed until intentionall unloc ed and opened for connection or disconnection (ii) the manual loc ing t pe (not permitted these standards) with a self-closing gate that must e manuall loc ed the user and that remains closed and loc ed until intentionall



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


12

2.21 Certi cation. The act of attesting in writing that the criteria established by these standards or some other designated standard have been met.

2.22 Certi ed. An act or process resulting in docu-mentation that determines and attests to criteria that meet the requirement of an American National Standard. Such act or process may be carried out by testing or applying proven analytical methods, or both, under the supervision of a quali ed person or entity.

2.23 Certi ed Anc orage. An anchorage for fall arrest, positioning, restraint or rescue systems that a quali ed person certi es to be capable of sup-porting the potential fall forces that could be en-countered during a fall or that meet the criteria for a certi ed anchorage prescribed in these standards.

2.2 C est arness. See “Harness, Chest”.

2.25 C est- aist arness. See “Harness, Chest-Waist”.

2.26 Clearance. The distance from a speci ed ref-erence point, such as the working platform or an-chorage of a fall arrest system, to the lower level that a worker might encounter during a fall

2.27 Clearance Re irement. The distance be-low an authorized person that must remain clear of obstructions in order to ensure that the authorized person does not make contact with any objects that would cause injury in the event of a fall.

2.28 Compati ility. The quality or power of being compatible.

unloc ed and opened the user for connection or disconnection or (iii) the non-loc ing t pe (not permitted these standards) with a self-closing gate that cannot e loc ed.

E2.27 The clearance requirement includes total fall distance the de ection of anchorage and anchor-age connectors the length and elongation of the full

od harness and the od the ertical component of an swing fall and a clearance safet factor. The clearance requirement accounts for performance of the s stem the num er of authorized persons al-lowed on the s stem and their od position ( neel-ing or standing).

E2.28 See Compati le . t is possi le to ha e compati ilit etween or among components or el-ements when used in a prescri ed manner ut for those same elements or components to e incom-pati le when con gured and or used in a different manner.


13


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.29 Compati le. Capable of orderly, ef cient inte-gration and operation with other elements or com-ponents in a system, without the need of special modi cation or conversion, such that the connec-tion will not fail when used in the manner intended.

2.30 Competent Person. An individual designated by the employer to be responsible for the imme-diate supervision, implementation and monitoring of the employer’s managed fall protection program who, through training and knowledge, is capable of identifying, evaluating and addressing existing and potential fall hazards, and who has the employer’s authority to take prompt corrective action with re-gard to such hazards.

2.31 Competent Person Trainer. An individual who by training, knowledge and experience is ca-pable of conducting competent person training.

2.32 Competent Resc er. An individual desig-nated by the employer who by training, knowledge and experience is capable of the implementation, supervision and monitoring of the employer’s fall protection rescue program.

2.33 Competent Resc e Trainer. An individual who by training, knowledge and experience specif-ic to fall protection rescue is capable of conducting rescue training.

2.3 Component. An element or integral assem-bly of interconnected elements intended to perform one function in the system.

E2.29 Determining whether two or more pieces of equipment are compati le requires consideration of the con guration in which the resulting s stem or su s stem will e used. t is possi le for two com-ponents to e compati le with each other when properl con gured and used ut to e incom-pati le when con gured and or used in a different manner. or e ample certain connectors ma e compati le with a particular anchorage connector if the anchorage connector is located o erhead ut not if the anchorage connector is located at the

user’s feet.

E2.30 The nowledge and training requirements for an indi idual to e considered a Competent erson are pro ided in arious sections of the ANS ASS Z359 standards. An indi idual who does not pos-sess training and nowledge in the areas required

these standards are not considered to e capa-le of identif ing e aluating and addressing e ist-

ing and potential fall hazards nor capa le of ta ing the necessar correcti e measures.

E2.31 The requirements for a person to e consid-ered a Competent erson Trainer are pro ided in ANS ASS Z359. .

E2.32 The requirements for a person to e consid-ered a Competent Rescuer are pro ided in ANSASS Z359. .

E2.33 The requirements for a person to e consid-ered a Competent Rescue Trainer are pro ided in ANS ASS Z359. .

E2.34 Components ma e acquired from different sources as long as the components as assem led and used are compati le and the resulting s stem meets the requirements of the Z359 standards.

Some e amples of what is meant the phrase intended to perform one function in the s stem

are as follows: A full od harness ( ) performs a od supporting function a lan ard ( ) performs a tethering function a cara iner (CAR) performs a connecting function; a fall arrester (FA) performs



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


14

2.35 Connecting S system. An assembly, in-cluding the necessary connectors, comprised of all components, subsystems, or both, between the an-chorage or anchorage connector and the harness attachment point.

2.36 Connector. A component or element that is used to couple parts of the system together.

2.37 Constit ent. An integral component of a larg-er assembly.

2.38 Contin o s Fall Protection. One or more fall protection systems that provide fall protection without interruption

2.39 C sp Sag. The sag that an HLL attains before it begins to provide signi cant deceleration force to stop a fall.

2. 0 Deceleration Distance. The vertical distance between the user’s fall arrest attachment at the on-

a stopping function and an energ a sor er ( A) performs a ra ing function.

E2.35 Connecting su s stems ser e to pre ent or arrest a fall. n the case of personal fall arrest s stems connecting su s stems ser e to maintain forces on the od elow required le els (a sor free-fall energ ) and pro ide the means of post-fall suspension of the fallen person.

E2.36 A connector ma e an independent compo-nent (such as a cara iner) of a s stem or it ma e an integral element of a component h rid com-ponent su s stem or s stem (such as a uc le or D-Ring sewn into a od support or a snaphoo spliced or sewn into a lan ard or self-retracting lan ard). Connectors are sometimes referred to as hardware.

E2.37 A component is said to e a constituent if it is integral to its ne t higher le el of assem l (com-ponent su s stem or s stem).

For e ample a snaphoo is a constituent of the lifeline that pa s out from and retracts into a Self Retracting an ard (SR ) ecause the snaphoo is a component that cannot e remo ed from the line without the use of special tools. The lifeline is a constituent of the SR ecause it is a component (i.e. assem l of wire rope swaged ttings thim le and snaphoo ) that cannot e remo ed from the SRL without the aid of special tools.

E2.38 ro iding continuous fall protection ma require more than one fall protection s stem or a com ination of pre ention or protection measures.

E2.39 Cusp sag is the state where the initial length of ca le at essentiall its pretension force has een pulled into two essentiall straight lines e tending from one anchorage to the point of fall arrest load application to the ne t ad acent anchorage. During the arrest of a fall there is no apprecia le decel-eration force on the falling wor er nor is there an apprecia le increase in LL ca le tension until the sag e ceeds the cusp sag.

E2.40 The deceleration distance is determined the response and interaction of all of the compo-


15


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

set of fall arrest forces during a fall, and after the fall arrest attachment comes to a complete stop.

2. 1 D-Ring. An integral “D” shaped connector typically used in harnesses, lanyards, energy ab-sorbers, lifelines and anchorage connectors as an integral connector as an attachment point.

2. 2 Descent Controller. A device designed to be used by one worker for personal descent or to lower another worker from an elevation.

2. 3 Dynamic Analysis. A method for predicting the performance of an active fall protection system by calculating the velocity of a moving or falling body at selected time or distance intervals. The method takes into consideration both the arresting force from the system and the gravitational pull on the fall-ing body to determine how much the body speeds up or slows down over the selected interval.

2. Element. An integral part of a constituent, component, hybrid component, subsystem or sys-tem.

2. 5 Employer. Any corporation, partnership, pro-prietorship, government agency or other organiza-tion that has employees.

2. 6 Energy S ock A sor er. A component whose primary function is to dissipate energy and limit deceleration forces which the system imposes on the body during fall arrest.

2. 7 Energy A sor er, orizontal ifeline. An energy absorber that is attached to one of the end anchorages or anchorage connectors of a horizon-tal lifeline subsystem.

nents of the fall arrest s stem (including deplo ment of As stretching of lan ards and lifelines sag-ging of LLs etc.). Deceleration distance does not include the d namic elongation of the s stem. This d namic elongation is proportional to the length of the connecting su s stem or lifeline and temporar-il reaches ma imum elongation when ma imum arresting force is applied.

E2.42 A descent controller ma e used for egress wor positioning or oth.

E2.44 amples include rope strap thread thim-le uc le D-Ring or snaphoo .

E2.46 Such de ices ma emplo arious principles such as deformation friction tearing of materials or rea ing of stitches to accomplish energ a -sorption. An energ a sor er causes an increase in the deceleration distance. An energ a sor er ma e orne the user (personal) or e a part of a horizontal lifeline su s stem or a ertical lifeline su s stem.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


16

2. 8 Energy A sor er, Personal. An energy ab-sorber that is attached to a harness.

2. 9 Energy A sor er, ertical ifeline. An en-ergy absorber that is attached to the top anchorage or anchorage connector of a vertical lifeline sub-system.

2.50 Energy Analysis. A method for predicting the performance of an active fall protection system by calculating the energy produced by a moving or falling body and determining how this energy is ab-sorbed or dissipated by the components of the fall protection system.

2.51 E ipment. A general term referring to com-ponents, subsystems or systems, in any combina-tion, singular or plural.

2.52 Evac ation. Self-rescue affected by the res-cue subject alone.

2.53 Eye, Formed. A loop or eye, with or without a thimble, formed in the end of a rope, wire rope or strap and secured by means of a splice, swaged tting or stitched joint.

2.5 Eye, Ret rn. A loop or eye in the end of a rope or wire rope formed by lapping the rope or wire rope back on itself and securing it by using swaged ttings.

2.55 Eye, Spliced. A loop or eye in the end of a rope or a wire rope formed by tucking the strand ends into the rope or wire rope.

2.56 Eye, Stitc ed. A loop or eye in the end of a strap formed by lapping the strap back on itself and securing it by means of a stitched joint.

2.57 Fall Arrest. The action or event of stopping a free fall or the instant where the downward free fall has been stopped.

2.58 Fall Arrest Attac ment. A connector integral to the body support speci cally designated as a point for connecting the fall arrest system.

E2.48 nerg a sor er reduces the AF e peri-enced the wor er ut increases the fall arrest distance.

E2.55 Spliced e es ma include swaged ttings.

E2.57 For the purposes of these standards fall ar-rest is the instant when a falling od is rst stopped. Fall arrest coincides with the greatest forces and de ections of the fall arrest s stem.


17


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.59 Fall Arrest System. The collection of equip-ment components that are con gured to arrest a free fall.

2.60 Fall Arrester. A device that travels on a life-line and will automatically engage or lock onto the lifeline in the event of a fall.

2.61 Fall Arrester Connecting S system. The portion of a vertical lifeline fall protection system that is attached between the anchorage or anchor-age connector and the fall arrest attachment on the harness.

2.62 Fall Edge. The unprotected edge of a walk-ing/working surface or an unprotected opening from which a person could fall to a lower surface or into a hazard.

2.63 Fall azard. Any location where a person is exposed to a potential free fall.

2.6 Fall azard S rvey Report. A written docu-ment that contains information about existing or potential fall hazards and a method or methods for eliminating or controlling those hazards.

2.65 Fall azard Zone. An area of fall exposure on a roof or slope.

E2.59 A fall arrest s stem is t picall comprised of components such as full od harnesses lan ards deceleration de ices horizontal lifelines ertical lifelines anchorages and anchorage connectors. Con gured and used properl a free fall will e ar-rested without e ceeding the strength requirements of these standards.

E2.60 A fall arrester usuall emplo s the principle of inertial loc ing cam le er loc ing or oth. A rope gra is one e ample of a fall arrester.

E2.61 A fall arrester connecting su s stem ma incorporate integral su s stems or ma e com-prised of independent components. The term re-fers to the entire assem l including the necessar connectors and is t picall comprised of either: (i) a fall arrester and ertical lifeline or fall arrester and ertical lifeline su s stem; (ii) a fall arrester lan-ard and ertical lifeline or ertical lifeline su s s-

tem; (iii) a fall arrester energ a sor er and erti-cal lifeline or ertical lifeline su s stem; or (i ) a fall arrester lan ard energ a sor er and ertical lifeline or ertical lifeline su s stem.

E2.62 A fall edge is also nown as an unprotected edge or an e posed edge.

E2.63 n addition to a fall to a lower le el a fall haz-ard ma e ist e en on the same le el where the fall results in e posure to a hazard such as con-tact with a high temperature process unguarded machiner or a hazardous liquid in an open tan . Such hazards ma e eliminated guardrails or other fall protection techniques. The ele ation at which a potential fall ecomes a fall hazard is often prescri ed laws or regulations and ma depend upon the t pe of wor eing performed or the wor en ironment.

E2.65 Fall hazard zones for different surfaces are speci ed within these standards.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


18

2.66 Fallo t. The action of a person or test torso being unintentionally separated from the body sup-port component during or after fall arrest.

2.67 Fall Protection. Any equipment, device or system that prevents an accidental fall from eleva-tion or that mitigates the effect of such a fall.

2.68 Fall Protection System. Any secondary sys-tem that prevents workers from falling or, if a fall occurs, arrests the fall.

2.69 Fall Protection Proced re. A written series of logical steps that describes in detail the speci c practices, equipment and methods to be used to protect authorized persons from falling when ex-posed to fall hazards.

2.70 Fall Restraint. See “Restraint or “Travel Re-straint”.

2.71 Fall Restraint System. See “Travel Restraint System”.

2.72 Force Factor. The ratio of peak arresting force of a rigid mass to a human body of the same weight, both falling under identical conditions.

2.73 Free Fall. The act of falling before a fall pro-tection system begins to apply forces to arrest the fall.

2.7 Free Fall Distance. The vertical distance trav-eled during a fall, measured from the onset of a fall from a walking working surface to the point at which the fall protection system begins to arrest the fall.

E2.67 Fall protection includes eliminating or con-trolling hazards passi e fall protection tra el re-straint fall arrest and administrati e controls.

E2.68 amples include guardrail tra el restraint safet net and fall arrest s stems.

E2.69 Also see the de nition for rocedure .

E2.74 This distance e cludes deceleration distance and the elongation of a lifeline or lan ard ut in-cludes an distance that a deceleration de ice slides efore engaging or the distance that a self-retracting lifeline or lan ard e tends efore fall ar-rest forces are applied.

The distance is measured using a common refer-ence point t picall the fall arrest attachment point of the full od harness (D-Ring).

The term free fall distance has applica ilit e ond ust personal fall arrest s stems. For e ample as used in the conte t of a positioning s stem free fall distance refers to the slac in the s stem which will con ert to tra el distance during a fall e ent.


19


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.75 Frontal D-Ring Attac ment. An attachment element af xed to the full body harness within the vertical seven-inch sternum (breastbone) area that is designed to withstand dynamic fall arrest, re-straint and post-fall suspension forces.

2.76 F ll ody arness. See “Harness, Full ody”.

2.77 ate. The element of a connector that opens to receive an object and closes when released to retain the object.

2.78 ardrail System. A passive system of hori-zontal rails and vertical posts that prevent a person from reaching a fall edge.

2.79 ard are. A rigid component or element that is used to couple parts of the system together.

2.80 arness, C est. A component comprised of chest and shoulder straps with means for fastening it about the torso and for attaching it to other com-ponents or subsystems.

2.81 arness, C est- aist. A body support con-sisting of separate chest and waist components that can be combined to form a full body harness. Chest-waist harnesses are excluded from these standards for purposes of fall arrest.

2.82 arness, Evac ation. A body support de-signed and constructed so the rescue subject is securely held and suspended during the rescue process.

2.83 arness, F ll ody. A body support de-signed to contain the torso and distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the upper thighs, pelvis, chest and shoulders.

2.8 arness, Positioning. A body support that

E2.75 The sternum is a at dagger shaped erti-cal one located in the middle of the chest. Along with the ri s the sternum forms the ri cage that protects the heart lungs and ma or lood essels from damage.

E2.77 Formerl nown as a eeper. The perfor-mance and design speci cations for connector gates are found within these standards.

E2.78 uardrail s stems t picall ha e a top rail a mid rail and posts. See ANS ASS A . Safet Requirements for Wor place Floor And Wall

penings Stair and Railing S stems.

E2.79 The term hardware ma refer to an indepen-dent component of the s stem such as a cara i-ner. t ma also refer to an integral element of a component h rid component su s stem or s s-tem (such as a uc le or D-Ring sewn into a od support or a snaphoo spliced or sewn into a lan-ard). The term hardware sometimes refers to con-

nectors.

E2.80 S stems and su s stems incorporating chest harnesses are e cluded from these standards.

E2.81 According to the requirements of these stan-dards a chest-waist harness does not meet the requirements of these standards for fall arrest e-cause the chest and waist components are not in-tegral. See de nition of ntegral.

E2.83 Where er the word harness is used alone in these standards it refers to full od harness.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


20

encircles and closes around the waist and legs with attachment elements appropriate for positioning.

2.85 azard Elimination. Changing the task, pro-cess, controls or other means so as to remove the need for an authorized person to be exposed to a fall hazard.

2.86 orizontal ifeline. A component of a hori-zontal lifeline subsystem, consisting of a exible line with connectors or other coupling means at both ends for securing it horizontally between two anchorages or anchorage connectors.

2.87 orizontal ifeline S system. An assem-bly, including the necessary connectors, comprised of a horizontal lifeline component and, optionally, of: a) An energy absorber component or, b) A life-line tensioner component, or both. This subsystem is normally attached at each end to an anchorage or anchorage connector and may also contain one or more intermediate anchorages. The end anchor-ages have the same elevation.

2.88 orizontal Track System. A form of rigid rail system that typically encloses a trolley inside a formed channel or track.

2.89 y rid Component. An integral assembly of elements or components, or both, intended to per-form more than one function in the system.

2.90 Initial Sag. The initial mid-span de ection of an HLL due to static equilibrium between gravita-tional forces and pretension.

2.91 Inspection. An examination of equipment or systems to assess conformance to particular stan-dard.

2.92 Instr ctions, Man fact rer. Printed infor-

E2.86 A horizontal lifeline is a means to which one or more connecting su s stems ma e attached. t is sometimes referred to as a horizontal anchor-

age line mon e line static line or trolle line. n-termediate anchorages ma e used on long LL s stems to reduce the sags.

E2.87 An LL ma e used as part of a tra el-re-straint s stem ut more commonl is part of a fall arrest s stem. An LL allows horizontal mo ement parallel to the LL ut ma also allow protected ertical mo ement elow the LL if an SRL is used

as the connecting means.

E2.88 orizontal trac s stems are usuall mount-ed o erhead in fall arrest s stems ut ma e mounted at lower heights as anchorages for tra el-restraint s stems.

E2.89 rid components ma usuall e acquired from man sources and ma e interchangea l in-corporated into a s stem according to the manufac-turer’s instructions pro ided that the resulting s s-tem meets the requirements of these standards. A h rid component ma also e referred to as an in-tegral su s stem. amples include a self-retract-ing lan ard or a lan ard with energ a sor er or a lan ard with energ a sor er and fall arrester.

E2.90 The initial sag is the state when the LL s s-tem is at rest due to the weight of the line and its components onl .


21


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

mational documents supplied with equipment.

2.93 Integral. Not removable from the component, subsystem or system without destroying or mutilat-ing any element or without use of a special tool.

2.9 anyard. A component consisting of a ex-ible rope, wire rope or strap, which typically has a connector at each end for connecting to the body support and to a fall arrester, energy absorber, an-chorage connector or anchorage.

2.95 anyard Connecting S system. An as-sembly, including the necessary connectors, com-prised of a lanyard only, or a lanyard and energy absorber.

2.96 ifeline. A component of a fall protection sys-tem consisting of a exible line designed to hang ei-ther vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to anchorages or anchorage connectors at both ends to span horizontally (horizontal lifeline).

2.97 ifeline S system. An assembly, including the necessary connectors, comprised of at least a lifeline, and which may also have means for pre-tensioning the lifeline or for energy absorption, or both.

2.98 ifeline Tensioner. A device, such as a turn-buckle, to tauten a horizontal lifeline or a weight to tension a vertical lifeline.

2.99 Maintenance. A process for keeping the product, component or system usable and safe from degradation.

2.100 Man al Descent Control Device. A load lowering device or mechanism that, once engaged, requires manual attention to control pay-out speed of line or descent speed under load.

2.101 Man al Fall Arrester. A fall arrester that will remain locked where it has been positioned on a

LL until deliberately repositioned by a worker.

E2.94 Lan ards perform a tethering function that restricts mo ement and can arrest a fall.

E2.95 A lan ard connecting su s stem is normall attached etween an anchorage or anchorage con-nector and the fall arrest attachment and ma e an integral su s stem or ma e comprised of inde-pendent components.

E2.96 A lifeline ser es to e tend the range of the user through the slida le connection of a fall ar-rester in the case of a ertical lifeline or a connector or other de ice in the case of a horizontal lifeline.

E2.98 The lifeline tensioner of a horizontal lifeline su s stem is usuall placed etween an anchorage or anchorage connector at one end of the horizontal lifeline and the horizontal lifeline itself. The lifeline tensioner of a ertical lifeline su s stem is usuall placed near the ottom of the ertical lifeline.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


22

2.102 Man al Rope ra . See “Manual Fall Ar-rester”.

2.103 Man fact rer. Any producer of fall protec-tion equipment with written product labels and in-structions meeting the requirements of these stan-dards.

2.10 Marking. Any sign, label, stencil, plate or the like containing information or guidance.

2.105 Ma im m Anc orage System De ection MASD . The dynamic displacement of the anchor-

age system to the position at fall arrest after all slack has been removed.

2.106 Ma im m Arrest Force. The peak force measured by the test instrumentation during arrest of the test weight in the dynamic tests set forth in these standards.

2.107 Ma im m Arrest oad MA . The peak force applied to an anchorage by an active fall pro-tection system when arresting a fall.

2.108 Ma im m Sag. The peak sag of an HLL at the instant of fall arrest.

2.109 Model. A speci c type or design of a product.

2.110 Non-Certi ed Fall Arrest Anc orage. A fall arrest anchorage that a competent person can judge to be capable of supporting the prede-termined anchorage forces as prescribed in these standards.

2.111 O-Ring. A circular shaped ring.

2.112 Oval Ring. An oval shaped ring.

2.113 Passive Fall Protection System. Fall pro-tection that does not require the wearing or use of personal fall protection equipment.

E2.103 f a positioning or tra el restraint s stem is produced the authorized person’s emplo er representati e or the authorized person then pro-fessional la els and instructions are essential to

e pro ided for proper use inspection and main-tenance.

E2.105 n LLs the ma imum anchorage s stem de ection is the change in sag from the cusp sag to the pea sag at fall arrest. n LLs it is the stretch of the lifeline.

E2.107 The AL is a force ector that is co-linear with the ca le in an LL. The AL equals AF in a ertical s stem.

E2.110 Non-certi ed anchorages are an e ception to the requirement that anchorages are designed certi ed speci ed and selected a quali ed per-son. f the requirements within these standards for a non-certi ed anchorage are met the selection and use of a non-certi ed anchorage ma e su-per ised a competent person. Non-certi ed an-chorages t picall consist of unquestiona l strong elements of a structure.

E2.113 amples of passi e fall protection s stems include safet nets guardrail s stems or other means that protect an authorized person from a fall hazard.


23


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.11 Personal Energy A sor er. See “Energy Absorber”.

2.115 Personal Fall Arrest System PFAS . An assembly of components and subsystems used to arrest a person in a free fall.

2.116 Plan. An orderly arrangement of parts of an overall design or objective. A systematic arrange-ment of elements or important parts.

2.117 Positioning. The act of supporting the body with a positioning system for the purpose of work-ing with hands free.

2.118 Positioning anyard. A lanyard used to transfer forces from a body support to an anchor-age or anchorage connector in a positioning sys-tem.

2.119 Positioning ine. A vertical, horizontal or angled rope or wire rope used to transfer forces from a body support to an anchorage or anchorage connector in a positioning system.

2.120 Positioning System. A full body harness system or a body belt incorporated into a full body harness or work positioning harness con gured to allow an authorized person to be supported on an elevated vertical or inclined surface, such as a wall, and work with both hands free from body support.

2.121 Pretension. The initial force (tension) in an HLL cable immediately before a fall occurs. Preten-sion of the HLL balances the weight of the cable, holding it to its initial sag.

E2.115 A s stem must alwa s include a full od harness and connecting means etween the har-ness and an anchorage or anchorage connector. Such connecting means ma consist of a lan ard energ a sor er fall arrester lifeline self-retract-ing lan ard or suita le com inations of these. These standards deal onl with FAS incorporat-ing a full od harness. Whene er the term s stem is used in these standards it refers to a personal fall arrest s stem.

E2.116 A plan ma ar in its le el of speci cit ut is more general than detailed. A plan differs from a procedure in that a plan sets out a general course of action ut does not pro ide the speci c steps which an action is initiated performed controlled and or nalized. See rocedure . A plan is more speci c than a program and more general than a procedure.

E2.118 ositioning lan ards ma e ed length or ad usta le and are part of a positioning s stem.

E2.120 Although positioning s stems ma use the same equipment as a fall protection s stem (such as a harness) a positioning s stem used alone does not constitute fall protection. While position-ing a person is e posed to a fall hazard and is required under these standards to use a separate s stem that pro ides ac up protection from a fall.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


24

2.122 Primary System. In fall protection terminol-ogy, the main mechanism that allows a worker to maintain their desired position.

2.123 Proced re. A series of logical steps by which all repetitive action is initiated, performed, controlled and nalized. A procedure establishes the speci c step-by-step action that is required; who is required to act; and when the action is to take place.

2.12 Prod ct. A component, subsystem or sys-tem inclusive of all packaging, markings and in-structions at the point of sale by the manufacturer.

2.125 Professional Engineer. A person who holds an engineering registration in the state or other jurisdiction in which they are applying these stan-dards.

2.126 Program. An organized, directed effort that uses speci ed resources to achieve desired objec-tives. A broad framework of goals to be achieved, serving as a basis to de ne and plan more speci c requirements for meeting those goals.

2.127 Program Administrator. A person authorized by their employer to be responsible for manag-ing the employer’s fall protection program.

2.128 Proof oad Testing. A type of veri ca-tion testing performed on equipment or elements thereof by applying to the specimen a static load of a speci ed amount below the design breaking strength of the specimen.

2.129 Proof Test. A test to prove the structural in-tegrity of a component or system.

2.130 Q ali ed Person. A person with a recog-nized degree or professional certi cate and with extensive knowledge, training and experience in the fall protection and rescue eld who is capable

E2.122 rimar s stems are t picall considered to comprise the wor er’s alance their clim ing s ills and the safet of the platform surface or structure that supports them. Fall protection is a secondar form of protection in case the primar s stem fails.

E2.123 A procedure differs from a plan in that a procedure pro ides speci c steps to e followed in performing a tas or addressing a particular situa-tion while a plan sets out a general course of ac-tion.

E2.128 roof load testing is performed to assure the strength of critical parts which ma ha e wea -nesses which are not detecta le isual inspec-tion and which ma e caused manufacturing processes. roof load testing ma e performed on all ( 00 ) of the parts in a production lot or on a lesser percentage according to a sampling plan. Z359 standards require that all D-Rings -Rings cara iners and snaphoo s e su ected to 00 proof load testing.

E2.130 an urisdictions require that indi iduals who design or e aluate ph sical structures e reg-istered with the jurisdiction as a professional engi-neer.


25


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

of designing, analyzing, evaluating and specifying fall protection and rescue systems to the extent re-quired by these standards.

2.131 Q ali ed Person Trainer. A quali ed person who meets the requirements of these standards and who is also quali ed to provide fall protection training.

2.132 Rated orking oad. The manufacturer’s speci ed maximum and minimum loads for which the component is designed to be used.

2.133 Re ired Clearance elo t e Anc or-age. The minimum distance between the anchor-age of a fall arrest system and the highest lower level a worker might encounter during a fall.

2.13 Re ired Clearance elo t e Platform. The minimum distance between the working plat-form and the highest lower level a worker might en-counter during a fall.

2.135 Resc e. The process of removing a person from danger, harm or con nement to a safe loca-tion.

2.136 Resc e Plan. A written process that de-scribes in a general manner how rescue is to be approached under the speci ed parameters, such as location or circumstances.

2.137 Resc e Proced re. A written series of logical steps that describes the speci c manner in which rescue is to be accomplished.

2.138 Resc e S ect. The person being rescued or in need of rescue.

2.139 Resc e System. An assembly of compo-nents and subsystems used for rescue.

The e tent to which quali ed persons are required to ha e speci c nowledge training and e peri-ence is go erned the su stanti e requirements of these standards as the appl to the duties and responsi ilities of arious personnel. For e ample this de nition does not impl that a quali ed person is required to design e aluate and or specif res-cue equipment s stems or procedures for emer-genc response teams and rescuers meeting the requirements of these standards.

E2.137 A rescue procedure esta lishes the speci c step- -step action that is required to e followed to accomplish rescue including who is required to act and when the action is to ta e place.

E2.139 A rescue s stem t picall consists of com-ponents which are addressed in ANS ASS Z359. .



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


26

2.1 0 Resc e System, One Person. A rescue system intended to bear only the weight of a single person at one time.

2.1 1 Resc e System, T o Person. A rescue system intended to bear the weight of up to two persons simultaneously.

2.1 2 Resc er. Person or persons other than the rescue subject acting to perform an assisted res-cue by operation of a rescue system.

2.1 3 Restraint. The technique of securing an au-thorized person to an anchorage using a lanyard short enough to prevent the person’s center of gravity from reaching the fall hazard.

2.1 Rigging. The process of building a system to move or stabilize a load or the system itself.

2.1 5 Rigid Anc orage S system. An anchor-age system, such as a rigid rail system or a single point of attachment that does not appreciably de-ect, deform or stretch when a fall arrest impact oc-

curs. For the purposes of these standards, a rigid anchorage subsystem is one where the de ection or stretch is not more than 4 inches (100mm) when the peak impact force from the worst-case fall pro-tection loading is applied to the subsystem.

2.1 6 Rigid Rail System. A fall protection system that uses one or more trolleys on a horizontal track (often an I-beam or slotted tube).

2.1 7 Ring. A generally hoop-shaped connector (hardware) element or component.

2.1 8 Rollo t. A process by which a snaphook or carabiner unintentionally disengages from another connector or object to which it is coupled.

2.1 9 Rope Access. A technique using safety ropes, normally incorporating two separately se-cured systems, one as a means of access and the other as a secondary system, used with a harness in combination with other devices, for access to and

E2.146 n a rigid rail s stem a connecting means is attached etween the wor er’s full od harness and the trolle . Rigid rail s stems allow horizontal mo ement parallel to the rigid rail ut ma also al-low ertical mo ement if an SRL is used as the con-necting means.

E2.149 Rope access is different from fall arrest fall restraint and other fall protection techniques in that the authorized person is generall full suspended

the rope s stem during wor . The safe use of rope access s stems requires speci c competence


27


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

from as well as suspension at the place of work.

2.150 Rope or Strap Ad ster. A mechanical means of readily moving a vertical line attachment or changing the position of an intermediate anchor-age device between an anchorage (connector) and a body support while loaded with the authorized person’s weight or partial weight while leaning.

2.151 Rope ra . See “Fall Arrestor”.

2.152 Rope, Synt etic. A construction of bundled man-made yarns, bers or laments forming a strong exible line.

2.153 Rope, ire. A plurality of drawn wires form-ing strands laid helically over an axis or core.

2.15 Ro tine. Of a commonplace or repetitious character or of, relating to or being in accordance with established procedure.

2.155 Safety Margin. A clearance factor of safety de ned as the distance between the lowest extrem-ity of the worker’s body at fall arrest and the highest obstruction the worker might otherwise make con-tact with during a fall.

2.156 Safety Net System. A horizontal or semi-horizontal, cantilever-style barrier that uses netting system to stop falling workers before they make contact with a lower level or obstruction.

2.157 Secondary Fall Protection System. One or more means of fall protection, as de ned by these standards, con gured as a supplement or as back-up to protect a worker from a potential fall if the primary system fails.

2.158 Self-Retracting Device SRD . A device that contains a drum wound line that automatically locks at the onset of a fall to arrest the user, but

in rope access techniques acquired training and e perience con rmed with independent assess-ment and certi cation one competent to assess and certif rope access s ills and nowledge.

E2.150 A rope adjuster ma e a manual rope gra t pe de ice or a descent control de ice which pro ides an adjustment feature. An automatic rope gra is t picall used as a fall arrester for a ertical lifeline which can act as ac -up fall protection to a wor positioning s stem or tra el restraint s stem in fall hazard zone.

E2.157 Fall protection is de ned in these standards as an equipment de ice or s stem that pre ents an accidental fall from ele ation or that mitigates the effect of such a fall. See Fall rotection . A frontal D-Ring attachment pro iding limited fall ar-rest meets this requirement. Secondar s stems include guardrail tra el restraint positioning and fall arrest s stems.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


28

E2.160 This connecting su s stem is attached e-tween an anchorage or anchorage connector and the fall arrest attachment of the od support.

that pays out from and automatically retracts onto the drum during normal movement of the person to whom the line is attached. After onset of a fall, the device automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall. Self-retracting devices include self-retracting lanyards (SRL’s), self-retracting lanyards with inte-gral rescue capability (SRL-R’s), and self-retracting lanyards with leading edge capability (SRL-LE’s) and, hybrid combinations of these.

2.159 Self-Retracting anyard SR . A self-re-tracting device suitable for applications where dur-ing use the device is mounted or anchored such that possible free fall is limited to 2 feet (.6m) or less.

2.160 Self-Retracting anyard Connecting S -system SR CSS . An assembly, including the necessary connectors, comprised of a self-retract-ing lanyard or a self-retracting lanyard/energy ab-sorber combination.

2.161 Self-Retracting anyard it Integral Resc e Capa ility SR -R . An SRL that includes an integral means for assisted rescue via raising or lowering the rescue subject.

2.162 Self-Retracting anyard it eading Edge Capa ility SR - E . A self-retracting de-vice suitable for applications where during use the device is not necessarily mounted or anchored overhead. The device may be at foot level and where the possible free fall is up to 5 feet (1.5m) that includes integral means to withstand impact loading of the line constituent with a sharp or abra-sive edge during fall arrest and for controlling fall arrest forces on the user.

2.163 Se ential Fall. A multiple-worker fall where the impacts from each worker occur at different times in a cascading manner.

2.16 S all. The word shall is to be understood as denoting a mandatory requirement.

2.165 S ock A sor er. See de nition of “Energy Absorber”.

2.166 S o ld. The word should denotes a recom-mendation.


29


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.167 Sim ltaneo s Fall. A multiple-worker fall where the impacts from each worker occur at the same instant.

2.168 Snap ook. A connector comprised of a hook-shaped body with a normally closed gate or similar arrangement that may be opened to permit the hook to receive an object and, when released, automatically closes to retain the object.

2.169 Span. The portion of the system between any pair of adjacent supports on fall protection sys-tems such as rigid rails and HLLs.

2.170 Splice. A means of terminating a rope or wire rope by an appropriate tucking of the strand ends into the rope.

2.171 Sta le S rface. A walking working surface that has the strength and structural integrity to sup-port an authorized person(s).

2.172 Static Analysis. A method to predict the per-formance of an active fall protection system based on applying static loadings speci ed by these stan-dards.

2.173 Stitc Pattern. The particular con guration of threads used to form terminations or joints of webbing.

2.17 Strap. A length of webbing that may be incor-porated in a harness, lanyard or other component or subsystem.

2.175 Strap, C est. A harness strap passing gen-erally horizontally across the chest or around the body at chest level with adjustable means for fas-tening.

2.176 Strap, S o lder. A harness strap that pass-es from the waist, up the chest, over the shoulder and down the back to the waist. It is connected to the waist strap or thigh straps or sub-pelvic strap or combinations thereof.

E2.168 Snaphoo s are generall one of two t pes namel : (i) Automatic-loc ing t pe (required these standards) with a self-closing and self-loc -ing gate which remains closed and loc ed until in-tentionall unloc ed and opened for connection or disconnection. (ii) Non-loc ing t pe (not permitted

these standards) with a self-closing gate which remains closed ut not loc ed until intentionall opened for connection or disconnection.

E2.169 The num er of spans in a s stem is t pi-call one less than the num er of supports.

E2.170 Two rope or wire rope segments should not e spliced together to for e ample lengthen or re-

pair the line.

E2.174 Also see de nition of We ing .



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


30

2.177 Strap, S o lder Retainer. A means of con-necting the harness shoulder straps for the purpose of retaining them on the shoulders.

2.178 Strap, S -Pelvic. A full body harness strap, which passes under the buttocks without passing through the crotch and is designed to transmit, to the sub-pelvic part of the body, forces applied dur-ing fall arrest and post-fall suspension.

2.179 Strap, T ig . A full body harness strap with adjustable means for fastening it about the thigh.

2.180 Strap, aist. A harness strap passing around the body at the waist with adjustable fas-tening means.

2.181 Stretc O t. The change in distance be-tween the worker’s D-Ring and toes during a fall arrest.

2.182 S system. A multi-function assembly com-prised of either: a) independent components, in-cluding the necessary connectors, interconnected by the user; or b) integrally interconnected compo-nents (also referred to as hybrid components or in-tegral subsystems).

2.183 S system Assem ly. An assembly of components used as part of a system.

2.18 S pporting S system. An integral assem-bly of a body support component with another com-ponent or connecting subsystem.

2.185 S spended E ipment. Machines, plat-forms or other equipment suspended by support lines.

2.186 S spension. The act of supporting 100% of a user’s body weight, including equipment, for the purpose of accessing a work location with one or two points of contact.

2.187 S spension Seat. An arrangement of straps in a harness used to provide a body support and permit leaning or sitting while working.

E2.181 Stretch out accounts for stretching of the od -holding de ice sliding of the D-Ring and the

reaction of the wor er’s od to the deceleration forces sometimes including lengthening of the

od if starting from a neeling or l ing position.

E2.184 amples include a full od harness with integral lan ard or integral energ a sor er or

oth.

E2.186 This de nition is outside the scope of the Z359 standards ut has een included as guid-ance for users with interest in this issue.

E2.187 These standards do not co er oatswain chairs that incorporate rigid oards or chair seats as de ned in ANS ASS A 0. Scaffolding Safet Requirements.


31


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

2.188 S aged Fitting. A mechanically pressed sleeve at the termination of a rope or wire rope used to form a loop or terminate a line.

2.189 S ing-Drop Distance. The vertical drop in height experienced by the worker using a fall arrest system from the onset of the swinging motion to the point where the user can initially make contact with a structure.

2.190 S ing Fall. A pendulum-like motion that oc-curs during and/or after a vertical fall. A swing fall results when an authorized person begins a fall from a position that is located horizontally away from a xed anchorage.

2.191 S ing Fall Distance. The vertical drop in height experienced by the worker using a fall arrest system from the onset of the swinging motion to the lowest point reached during the swing.

2.192 Synt etic Rope Tackle lock. A load lifting and/or lowering device that does not include a wind-ing or traction drum, but uses pulleys to achieve a mechanical lifting advantage.

2.193 System. See de nition of “Personal Fall Ar-rest System (PFAS)”.

2.19 Testing. The controlled application of test conditions to a product (system, subsystem, com-ponent or element) and the recording of observed effects. When the terms “testing” or “tests” are used in these standards, those terms shall denote quali cation testing or quali cation test(s), not de-velopmental or veri cation testing or test(s), unless otherwise speci ed.

2.195 Testing, Developmental. The controlled ap-plication of test conditions to a pre-production pro-totype of a product in the developmental stage, and the recording of observed effects, for the purpose of determining and evaluating the developmental product’s performance and design characteristics.

2.196 Testing and Interpolation Analysis. A method for determining the performance of an ac-tive fall protection system through direct testing of the system and mathematical interpolation of test

E2.188 Also see de nition of e Formed .

E2.189 Swing-drop distance is measured fol-lowing the D-Ring of the harness.

E2.191 Swing fall distance is measured follow-ing the D-Ring of the harness.



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


32

results for similar systems.

2.197 Testing, Q ali cation. The controlled appli-cation of test conditions to a product specimen ran-domly selected from the initial production lot, and the recording of observed effects, for the purpose of determining the product’s compliance with the requirements of these standards. When the terms “testing” or “tests” are used in the Z359 standards, those terms shall denote quali cation testing or quali cation test(s), not developmental or veri ca-tion testing or test(s) unless otherwise speci ed.

2.198 Testing, eri cation. The controlled ap-plication of test conditions to a product specimen sampled from ongoing production lots (after quali-cation testing), and the recording of observed ef-

fects, for the purpose of con rming the product’s continuing compliance with the requirements of these standards. Proof load testing is a type of veri-cation testing.

2.199 T im le. A grooved metal or plastic piece about which a rope is bent and spliced or swaged to the main body of the rope to form an eye.

2.200 T read. A group of synthetic laments twist-ed together to form a strong strand.

2.201 Total Fall Distance TFD . The total vertical distance a person falls, measured from the onset of a fall to the point where the person comes to rest after the fall is stopped.

2.202 Travel Restraint anyard. A lanyard used to transfer forces from a body support to an anchor-age or anchorage connector in a travel restraint system.

2.203 Travel Restraint ine. A rope, or wire rope, used to transfer forces from a body support to an anchorage or anchorage connector in a travel re-straint system.

2.20 Travel Restraint System. A combination of anchorage, anchorage connector, lanyard (or other

E2.200 Thread is used to sew stitch patterns into we ing.

E2.201 Total fall distance includes free fall distance and deceleration distance ut e cludes d namic elongation. Total fall distance is often determined as the displacement of the dorsal D-Ring on the full od harness and is the sum of the free fall and the deceleration distance. t also includes an ap-plica le swing fall distance

E2.203 The purpose of a tra el restraint line is to pre ent an authorized user from reaching a fall haz-ard.

E2.204 A tra el restraint s stem allows a person to approach the edge ut eliminates the possi ilit of


33


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

means of connection) and body support that limits travel in such a manner that the user is not exposed to a fall hazard.

2.205 Trolley. A mobile anchorage device that trav-els along a track (horizontal track system), structur-al beam (rigid rail system), or cable (HLL system).

2.206 User. A person who performs activities at heights while protected by a personal fall protec-tion system.

2.207 ariance. A change in, or effect to, a char-acteristic, function, design or element of a product that is different from the original.

2.208 ertical ifeline. A component, element or constituent of a lifeline subsystem consisting of a vertically suspended exible line and along which a fall arrester travels.

2.209 ertical ifeline S system. An assembly, including the necessary connectors, comprised of a vertical lifeline component and, optionally, an en-ergy absorber and a lifeline tensioner component.

2.210 e ing. A narrow woven fabric with sel-vedge edges and continuous lament yarns made from light and heat resistant bers.

2.211 inc / oist. A load lifting and/or lower-ing device that incorporates a traction drum and a means for controlling pay-out and take-up of the line from the drum. Device relies on reduction gear-ing and/or lever principles to achieve a mechanical lifting advantage.

2.212 ire. A single, continuous length of metal with a circular cross-section that is cold-drawn from rod.

2.213 ire Rope. See “Rope, Wire”.

2.21 ork Positioning. See “Positioning”.

2.215 ork Positioning System. See: “Position-ing System”.

going o er the edge. An acti e fall protection s s-tem couples the wor ers’ od -holding de ice(s) to an anchorage using a suita le means such as re-straint lan ards.

E2.206 A user is sometimes referred to as an em-plo ee or wor er in other documents dealing with fall protection.

E2.208 A ertical lifeline is also referred to as erti-cal anchorage line or dropline.

E2.209 This su s stem is normall attached at one end to an o erhead anchorage or anchorage connector and ma also e attached to a ottom anchorage.

E2.210 Also see de nition of Strap .



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


34

2.216 ork Restraint System. See “Travel Re-straint System”.

2.217 orking ine. A exible line used for posi-tioning or travel restraint.


35


r d


AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS

3. IST OF ACRON MS

ACRON M TERM

A AnchorageAC Anchorage ConnectorACTD Activation DistanceAD Arrest DistanceAE Attachment ElementAJ Adjuster

ody eltSU ody SupportU uckle

CAP CapacityCAR CarabinerCH Chest HarnessCOM ComponentCON ConnectorCSS Connecting SubsystemCST ConstituentCWH Chest-Waist HarnessDD Deceleration DistanceDD Deceleration DeviceDR D-RingEA Energy AbsorberEAHLL Horizontal Lifeline Energy AbsorberEAP Personal Energy AbsorberEA LL ertical Lifeline Energy AbsorberEF Formed EyeEL ElementER Return EyeESPL Spliced EyeEST Stitched EyeF FittingFA Fall ArresterFAA Fall Arrest AttachmentFACSS Fall Arrester Connecting SubsystemFAS Fall Arrest SystemF H Full ody HarnessFF Free FallFFD Free Fall DistanceHC Hybrid ComponentHLL Horizontal LifelineHLLSS Horizontal Lifeline SubsystemHW HardwareI IntegralISS Integral SubsystemL LanyardLCSS Lanyard Connecting Subsystem



r d

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

SAFETY ENGINEERS


36

ACRON M TERM

LL LifelineLLSS Lifeline SubsystemLT Lifeline TensionerM MarkingMAF Maximum Arrest ForceMAL Maximum Arrest LoadMASD Maximum Anchorage System De ectionmm MillimeterOR O-RingO R Oval RingP PersonalPEA Personal Energy AbsorberPFAS Personal Fall Arrest SystemPLT Proof Load TestingPPE Personal Protective EquipmentR RopeRG Rope GrabRS Synthetic RopeRW Wire RopeS SystemSA Shock AbsorberSF Swaged FittingSH SnaphookSP Stitch PatternSPL SpliceSRD Self-Retracting DeviceSRL Self-Retracting LanyardSRLCSS Self-Retracting Lanyard Connecting SubsystemSRL-R Self-Retracting Lanyard With Integral Rescue Capability SRL-LE Self-Retracting Lanyard With Leading Edge Capability SS SubsystemSUSS Supporting SubsystemSTR StrapT L ThimbleTD Developmental TestingTFD Total Fall DistanceTH ThreadT uali cation TestingTRS Travel Restriction SystemT eri cation TestingU User

LL ertical LifelineLLSS ertical Lifeline Subsystem

W WebbingWPS Work Positioning System


Page Intentionally Left Blank


american national standard · 2020. 5. 28. · ansi® ansi/asse z359.0 – 2012 american national...

Documents