American IndiansAmerican Indians

In early ArkansasIn early ArkansasFor use in grades 1-5 classroomsFor use in grades 1-5 classrooms

Arkansasheritage.com

Arkansas frameworks related to American Indians Arkansas frameworks related to American Indians in Arkansasin Arkansas

The following frameworks are addressed in the following Power The following frameworks are addressed in the following Power Point, grades K-5Point, grades K-5– H.6.K.9: Understand the name of Arkansas originated from the H.6.K.9: Understand the name of Arkansas originated from the

Quapaw IndiansQuapaw Indians– H.6.2.11: Recognize American Indian tribes of Arkansas: H.6.2.11: Recognize American Indian tribes of Arkansas:

Osage, Quapaw and CaddoOsage, Quapaw and Caddo– H.6.3.14: Identify and describe the Arkansas Indian tribes: H.6.3.14: Identify and describe the Arkansas Indian tribes:

Osage, Quapaw, and CaddoOsage, Quapaw, and Caddo– H.6.4.15: Identify the reasons for the decline of the native H.6.4.15: Identify the reasons for the decline of the native

populations of Arkansas (e.g. influenza, small pox, competition populations of Arkansas (e.g. influenza, small pox, competition for land)for land)

– H.6.5.29: Locate and describe the three main Indian cultures H.6.5.29: Locate and describe the three main Indian cultures in Arkansas during the exploration period: Quapaw, Caddo and in Arkansas during the exploration period: Quapaw, Caddo and Osage IndiansOsage Indians

Who are American Indians?Who are American Indians?

American Indians were the first people to live in American Indians were the first people to live in the Americas. They were here before the the Americas. They were here before the Europeans came and settled in the area we call Europeans came and settled in the area we call

the United Statesthe United States..

This map shows you where This map shows you where American Indians live todayAmerican Indians live today

There were three main American Indian There were three main American Indian tribestribes

in early Arkansasin early Arkansas

CaddoCaddo OsageOsage QuapawQuapaw

Let’s find out about the Caddo Let’s find out about the Caddo Nation!Nation!

The original name of the Caddo was The original name of the Caddo was CadohadachoCadohadacho

When the Europeans came to North When the Europeans came to North America, the Caddo lived in the America, the Caddo lived in the present states of Louisiana, present states of Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Today, most of the Caddo live in the Today, most of the Caddo live in the state of Oklahoma.state of Oklahoma.

The Caddo looked like thisThe Caddo looked like this

Osage NationOsage Nation

The Osage Indians also lived in The Osage Indians also lived in ArkansasArkansas– They originally lived in present day They originally lived in present day

Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas and Arkansas.Arkansas.

– Today, most of the people of the Osage Today, most of the people of the Osage Nation live in Oklahoma.Nation live in Oklahoma.

The Quapaw TribeThe Quapaw Tribe

The name Quapaw (Ugakhpa or O-The name Quapaw (Ugakhpa or O-gah-pah) is translated as “people gah-pah) is translated as “people who live downstream.”who live downstream.”

Our state is named for this Our state is named for this American Indian tribe!American Indian tribe!

The Quapaw looked like this The Quapaw looked like this

Other early American Indians in Arkansas: Other early American Indians in Arkansas: Tunica-Biloxi Tribe and Chickasaw NationTunica-Biloxi Tribe and Chickasaw Nation

The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe mainly lived The Tunica-Biloxi Tribe mainly lived in Mississippi, Louisiana and in Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas.Arkansas.

Today the Tunica-Biloxi people are Today the Tunica-Biloxi people are referred to as the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe referred to as the Tunica-Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana and live in Louisiana.of Louisiana and live in Louisiana.

The people of the Chickasaw Nation lived in The people of the Chickasaw Nation lived in the northeast corner of the state.the northeast corner of the state.

The Chickasaw primarily lived in the The Chickasaw primarily lived in the states of Mississippi, Alabama, states of Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri.Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri.

Today most of the Chickasaw live in Today most of the Chickasaw live in the state of Oklahoma.the state of Oklahoma.

Culture of the Caddo, Osage Culture of the Caddo, Osage and Quapawand Quapaw

Culture is how a people live. It Culture is how a people live. It includes such things as the following: includes such things as the following: their language, clothing, hair styles, their language, clothing, hair styles, transportation, food, homes, how transportation, food, homes, how children are raised, music, arts, and children are raised, music, arts, and folklore. folklore. Let’s look at the culture Let’s look at the culture of the these three tribes : the of the these three tribes : the Caddo, Osage and Quapaw.Caddo, Osage and Quapaw.

First, the Caddo!First, the Caddo!

Language Language Most Caddo Most Caddo speak English speak English today but many today but many also speak the also speak the Caddo language.Caddo language.

Example: Example: “Kua’at”(pronounced “Kua’at”(pronounced Koo-ah-aht) is a Koo-ah-aht) is a friendly greeting.friendly greeting.

Caddo men’s clothingCaddo men’s clothing

Caddo men wore Caddo men wore breechcloths breechcloths

and sometimes and sometimes leather leggings.leather leggings.

Caddo womenCaddo women

Caddo women wore Caddo women wore wraparound skirts and wraparound skirts and poncho tops made of poncho tops made of deerskin. They deerskin. They usually braided their usually braided their hair or tied it back hair or tied it back with ribbonswith ribbons..

Both men and women Both men and women wore earrings and wore earrings and moccasinsmoccasins..

Hair styles!Hair styles!

Men wore their hair in Men wore their hair in a a scalplockscalplock. (One . (One long lock of hair on long lock of hair on top of their head top of their head usually braided).usually braided).

Sometimes the men Sometimes the men wore a “ roach” or wore a “ roach” or headpiece made of headpiece made of red-dyed deer hair red-dyed deer hair and turkey beards.and turkey beards.

“turkey roach”

Women and hair stylesWomen and hair styles

Caddo women Caddo women usually wore their usually wore their long hair in a bun. long hair in a bun.

For special occasions For special occasions they would add they would add ornaments or ribbons ornaments or ribbons to their bun.to their bun.

Caddo transportationCaddo transportation

The Caddo The Caddo preferred to travel preferred to travel by land but also by land but also made dugout made dugout canoes out of logs canoes out of logs for travel by water.for travel by water.

What kind of food did the What kind of food did the Caddo eat?Caddo eat?

The Caddo Indians were farmers and The Caddo Indians were farmers and hunters.hunters.– They grew corn, beans, pumpkins and They grew corn, beans, pumpkins and

sunflowers.sunflowers.– They hunted deer, buffalo and small They hunted deer, buffalo and small

game and fished.game and fished.

Tools used by the CaddoTools used by the Caddo

To hunt they used To hunt they used bows and arrowsbows and arrows

They also made They also made axes with a heavy axes with a heavy stone head to chop stone head to chop wood.wood.

When they fought When they fought other people, they other people, they used their bows used their bows and arrows and and arrows and their tomahawk.their tomahawk. Caddo ax

Caddo homesCaddo homes

Caddo homes were Caddo homes were tall, dome-shaped tall, dome-shaped grass houses. grass houses. Sometimes they Sometimes they were so large, 30 were so large, 30 people could live in people could live in them!them!

How were Caddo children How were Caddo children raised?raised?

Caddo children were busy doing chores Caddo children were busy doing chores for the family. They did not have much for the family. They did not have much play time.play time.– They did play with dolls and toys. A game They did play with dolls and toys. A game

they played was trying to throw a dart they played was trying to throw a dart through a moving hoop. (hoop dart anyone?)through a moving hoop. (hoop dart anyone?)

Caddo artCaddo art

The Caddo people The Caddo people were famous for were famous for their pottery.their pottery.

Caddo musicCaddo music

The favorite Caddo The favorite Caddo musical instrument musical instrument is the drum. As is the drum. As drums are played, drums are played, other Caddo dance other Caddo dance and sing.and sing.

Caddo Indian legends and Caddo Indian legends and folklorefolklore

One story is called, “Village Boy and One story is called, “Village Boy and Wild Boy.” It is about mythical twins Wild Boy.” It is about mythical twins whose mother was killed by a whose mother was killed by a monster.monster.

Another story is called “Coyote.” It is Another story is called “Coyote.” It is about a tricky figure who gets about a tricky figure who gets involved in different forms of involved in different forms of mischief!mischief!

Next is the Osage!Next is the Osage!

What was their What was their language?language?

As with the Caddo As with the Caddo Indians, the Osage Indians, the Osage speak English speak English today, but there is today, but there is a renewed interest a renewed interest in learning the in learning the Osage language Osage language which is part of the which is part of the Dhegihan language Dhegihan language group.group.

Osage clothingOsage clothing Osage women wore Osage women wore

trade cloth dresses trade cloth dresses and leggings. and leggings.

Both men and women Both men and women wore moccasins and wore moccasins and long buffalo hide long buffalo hide robes in cold robes in cold weather.weather.

As with the Caddo, As with the Caddo, they wore tattoos. they wore tattoos.

Osage women wore clothes similar to this.

Osage menOsage men

Osage men wore Osage men wore breechcloths and breechcloths and leggings just like leggings just like the Caddo men did.the Caddo men did.

Hairstyles and headdressesHairstyles and headdresses

Osage men either Osage men either wore their hair long wore their hair long or in a scalplock or in a scalplock fashion.fashion.

If they had a scalp If they had a scalp lock they would lock they would sometimes wear a sometimes wear a “roach.”“roach.”

Osage WomenOsage Women

Osage women Osage women wore their hair wore their hair braided or tied braided or tied back with ribbons.back with ribbons.

Osage transportationOsage transportation

The Osage used dogs The Osage used dogs to carry heavy to carry heavy loads when they loads when they traveled.traveled.

It would look It would look something like something like this!this!

Osage foodOsage food The Osage were big The Osage were big

game hunters. game hunters. They liked to hunt They liked to hunt buffalo. Before buffalo. Before they had horses, they had horses, the men would the men would drive the buffalo off drive the buffalo off a cliff to kill them.a cliff to kill them.

Osage women Osage women raised corn, beans, raised corn, beans, squash and squash and pumpkins.pumpkins.

Osage tools and weaponsOsage tools and weapons

The Osage used The Osage used bows and arrows bows and arrows and were known and were known for their excellent for their excellent long bows.long bows.

In battles they also In battles they also fought with clubs fought with clubs and spears!and spears!

Osage homesOsage homes

The Osage lived in The Osage lived in settled villages and settled villages and their homes were their homes were called lodges. Lodges called lodges. Lodges were made of elm were made of elm bark.bark.

Music of the OsageMusic of the Osage

As with the Caddo, the As with the Caddo, the Osage played drums Osage played drums and a flute-like and a flute-like instrumentinstrument..

Osage folkloreOsage folklore

A popular story among the Osage is A popular story among the Osage is “The Spider and the People.” This “The Spider and the People.” This story is about how the spider became story is about how the spider became the symbol for the Osage.the symbol for the Osage.

And now, the Quapaw!And now, the Quapaw!

The Quapaw The Quapaw languagelanguage

Like the Caddo and Like the Caddo and Osage Indians, the Osage Indians, the Quapaw speak Quapaw speak English but many English but many also speak their also speak their Quapaw language.Quapaw language.

What did the Quapaw men What did the Quapaw men wear?wear?

Similarly to other Native Americans, Similarly to other Native Americans, the men wore breechcloths with the men wore breechcloths with leather leggings and buckskin shirts.leather leggings and buckskin shirts.

Men and women both wore moccasins Men and women both wore moccasins and long buffalo robes in cold and long buffalo robes in cold weather.weather.

In warm weather, the Quapaw wore In warm weather, the Quapaw wore less clothing, just like us!less clothing, just like us!

Quapaw womenQuapaw women

Quapaw women wore long deerskin dresses Quapaw women wore long deerskin dresses

and wore their hair loose or braidedand wore their hair loose or braided..

Quapaw men’s hairstyles and Quapaw men’s hairstyles and head coverings!head coverings!

Quapaw men often Quapaw men often adorned their heads adorned their heads with a scalplock and with a scalplock and wore a “roach” like wore a “roach” like Caddo and Osage Caddo and Osage men.men.

Quapaw Leaders Quapaw Leaders sometimes wore a sometimes wore a headdress.headdress.

Tribal tattoosTribal tattoos

Native Americans Native Americans had special tattoos had special tattoos depending on their depending on their tribe and their tribe and their deeds.deeds.

These tattoos had These tattoos had religious religious significance.significance.

tattoos

TransportationTransportation

The Quapaw knew how to make The Quapaw knew how to make dugout canoes from cypress trees, dugout canoes from cypress trees, but they usually traveled by land.but they usually traveled by land.

They used dogs to pull a travois (like They used dogs to pull a travois (like a sled) when they traveled by land. a sled) when they traveled by land. (The Osage did this also.)(The Osage did this also.)

What did the Quapaw eat?What did the Quapaw eat?

The Quapaw ate basically the same The Quapaw ate basically the same things as the Caddo and Osage. The things as the Caddo and Osage. The were farmers and ate corn, beans were farmers and ate corn, beans and squash.and squash.

The men provided meat through the The men provided meat through the hunting of small game and organized hunting of small game and organized buffalo hunts.buffalo hunts.

Tools and weaponsTools and weapons

The Quapaw used The Quapaw used bows and arrows to bows and arrows to hunt and to fight. hunt and to fight. They also used war They also used war clubs and spears.clubs and spears.

War clubs could take War clubs could take many different forms.many different forms.

Quapaw homesQuapaw homes

Quapaw homes Quapaw homes took time to build. took time to build. They were made of They were made of river cane, wood river cane, wood and vines and and vines and coated with coated with plaster. The roof plaster. The roof was usually made was usually made of grass or tree of grass or tree bark.bark.

Quapaw childrenQuapaw children Quapaw children did Quapaw children did

the same thing that the same thing that Caddo and Osage Caddo and Osage children did. They did children did. They did chores and sometimes chores and sometimes got to play with dolls or got to play with dolls or play games.play games.

As with other Native As with other Native Americans, Quapaw Americans, Quapaw mothers carried a mothers carried a young child in a young child in a cradleboard on her cradleboard on her back.back.

Image is courtesy of the Wisconsin Historical Society, www.wisconishistory.org

Art by the QuapawArt by the Quapaw This is Quapaw This is Quapaw

artwork.artwork.

Here is an example Here is an example of Quapaw of Quapaw beadwork.beadwork.

Music and the QuapawMusic and the Quapaw

Like the Caddo and Osage, the Like the Caddo and Osage, the Quapaw enjoyed music and dancing. Quapaw enjoyed music and dancing.

Quapaw stories and legendsQuapaw stories and legends

Storytelling was very important to Storytelling was very important to the Quapaw. One of their stories is the Quapaw. One of their stories is about a monster or ogre.about a monster or ogre.

What were the roles of men What were the roles of men and women among these three and women among these three

Indian tribes?Indian tribes? Primarily the women were farmers, Primarily the women were farmers,

child- care givers and cooks.child- care givers and cooks.

The men were the hunters and The men were the hunters and sometimes warriors if necessary. sometimes warriors if necessary. Chiefs were usually men.Chiefs were usually men.

Both men and women participated in Both men and women participated in artwork, music, storytelling and artwork, music, storytelling and medicine.medicine.

What type of government did What type of government did they have?they have?

Most Indian tribes/nations elected Most Indian tribes/nations elected chiefs based on their character, chiefs based on their character, family descent and ability.family descent and ability.– Chiefs were usually men but could be Chiefs were usually men but could be

women.women. A tribal council actually governed the A tribal council actually governed the

tribe or nation.tribe or nation.

Where are the American Indians of Arkansas Where are the American Indians of Arkansas today?today?

There are no federally recognized Indian tribes in There are no federally recognized Indian tribes in Arkansas today. What are the reasons?Arkansas today. What are the reasons?– DiseaseDisease

American Indians did not have immunities American Indians did not have immunities from European introduced diseases such as from European introduced diseases such as influenza, small pox, measles, mumps, etc.influenza, small pox, measles, mumps, etc.

Fifty to eighty percent of American Indians Fifty to eighty percent of American Indians died in the first century of European contact.died in the first century of European contact.

Decline of American Indian population, continuedDecline of American Indian population, continued

WarfareWarfare– Battles between American Indian tribes Battles between American Indian tribes

caused a declinecaused a decline– The introduction of firearms (guns) The introduction of firearms (guns)

made battle more deadlymade battle more deadly

Decline of population (3)Decline of population (3)

EnslavementEnslavement– Some American Indians were kidnapped Some American Indians were kidnapped

and forced to be slaves in rich and forced to be slaves in rich agricultural lands to the eastagricultural lands to the east

Decline of population (4)Decline of population (4)

Desire for Indian landDesire for Indian land– After the purchase of the Louisiana After the purchase of the Louisiana

territory by the U.S. government in territory by the U.S. government in 1803, many European settlers moved to 1803, many European settlers moved to the area.the area. Treaties were signed that essentially took Treaties were signed that essentially took

the land away from the American Indians.the land away from the American Indians. The land was a rich agricultural region The land was a rich agricultural region

desired by the new immigrants to the areadesired by the new immigrants to the area

Let’s do a

First the Caddo American First the Caddo American IndiansIndians

Review!Review!

AmericaAmerican Indian n Indian tribetribe

LanguageLanguage

ClothingClothingHair & hair Hair & hair stylesstyles

CaddCaddoo

Originally they Originally they spoke the spoke the Caddo Caddo language.language.

Today Today they they speak English speak English and many of and many of them also them also speak the speak the Caddo Caddo language.language.

MenMen wore wore breechcloths breechcloths and leather and leather leggings.leggings.

WomenWomen wore wore skirts and tops skirts and tops made of animal made of animal skins.skins.

BothBoth wore wore moccasins and moccasins and earrings.earrings.

MenMen wore their wore their hair long or in a hair long or in a style called a style called a scalplockscalplock

They They sometimes sometimes wore a “ wore a “ roach”.roach”.

WomenWomen wore wore long hair in a long hair in a bun.bun.

American American IndianIndian

TribeTribe TransportationTransportationFoodFood

CaddoCaddo The Caddo liked to The Caddo liked to travel by land, but travel by land, but also made dugout also made dugout canoes for travel canoes for travel by water.by water.

They grew and They grew and ate corn, beans, ate corn, beans, pumpkins, and pumpkins, and sunflowers.sunflowers.

Also, they hunted Also, they hunted deer, buffalo, deer, buffalo, small game and small game and fishedfished..

NativeNative

TribeTribeTools and Tools and weaponsweapons

HomesHomes

CaddoCaddo Bows and arrows Bows and arrows were used to hunt. were used to hunt. Axes were used to Axes were used to chop wood.chop wood.

In battle they used In battle they used bows and arrows bows and arrows and tomahawks.and tomahawks.

They were tall, They were tall, dome-shaped dome-shaped grass houses.grass houses.

American American Indian tribeIndian tribe

ChildrenChildren ArtArt

CaddoCaddo They helped with They helped with chores. When they chores. When they had time they played had time they played with dolls and toys and with dolls and toys and played games!played games!

The Caddo The Caddo were famous were famous for their very for their very nice pottery.nice pottery.

AmericanAmerican

Indian tribeIndian tribeMusicMusic Legends Legends

and folkloreand folklore

CaddoCaddo The Caddo The Caddo loved the drum. loved the drum. They also They also loved to dance loved to dance and sing.and sing.

The Caddo had The Caddo had legends and legends and stories they stories they passed down passed down through their through their children.children.

Time to review the Time to review the

Osage!Osage!

AmericaAmerican Indiann Indian

tribetribe

LanguageLanguage ClothingClothing Hair stylesHair styles

OsagOsagee

The Osage The Osage spoke their spoke their own language, own language, but but now now speak speak English. Many English. Many speak their speak their native native language also.language also.

Osage Osage men men wore wore breechcloths breechcloths and leggings.and leggings.

Women Women wore wore deerskin deerskin dresses and dresses and leggings.leggings.

Both wore Both wore moccasins moccasins and tattoos.and tattoos.

Men Men wore wore their hair their hair long or wore long or wore a scalp- lock. a scalp- lock. Sometimes Sometimes they added a they added a “roach.”“roach.”

WomenWomen wore wore their long their long hair loose or hair loose or braided.braided.

American American Indian Indian TribeTribe

TransportatioTransportationn

FoodFood

OsageOsage The Osage The Osage preferred to preferred to travel by land. travel by land. They would use They would use dog sleds to dog sleds to carry heavy loads carry heavy loads when they when they traveled. This is traveled. This is called a travois.called a travois.

Osage people Osage people liked to hunt liked to hunt big game such big game such as buffalo. The as buffalo. The women raised women raised corn, beans, corn, beans, squash and squash and pumpkins.pumpkins.

AmericaAmerican Indian n Indian tribetribe

Tools and Tools and weaponsweapons

HomesHomes

OsageOsage The Osage used The Osage used bows and bows and arrows and arrows and longbows.longbows.

They also used They also used clubs and clubs and spears in battle.spears in battle.

Osage homes were Osage homes were called a lodge. They called a lodge. They were made of elm were made of elm bark.bark.

American American Indian Indian TribeTribe

ChildrenChildren ArtArt

OsageOsage Osage Osage children children performed performed chores and chores and had some had some time to play. time to play. When they When they played, they played, they used dolls, used dolls, toys and toys and gamesgames..

Pottery and Pottery and beadwork beadwork were crafts at were crafts at which the which the Osage Osage excelledexcelled..

American American Indian Indian TribeTribe

MusicMusic Folklore and Folklore and legendslegends

OsageOsage They They played the played the drums and drums and a flute- like a flute- like instrumentinstrument..

Both Both men and men and womenwomen told stories told stories to pass on to pass on information to the information to the children. One children. One special story was special story was about how the about how the spider became the spider became the symbol for the symbol for the OsageOsage..

And now, it’s the ????And now, it’s the ????

Quapaw!Quapaw!

AmericaAmericann

IndianIndian

TribeTribe

LanguageLanguage ClothingClothing Hair and Hair and hair hair stylesstyles

QuapaQuapaww

Like other Like other native tribes, native tribes, the Quapaw the Quapaw had their own had their own language.language.

TodayToday they they speak English speak English and many and many speak their speak their native native language alsolanguage also

The The menmen wore wore breechcloths breechcloths with leggings with leggings and buckskin and buckskin shirts.shirts.

WomenWomen wore wore long deerskin long deerskin dresses. dresses.

BothBoth wore wore moccasins moccasins and tattoos.and tattoos.

Quapaw Quapaw menmen shaved their shaved their heads except heads except for a scalp- for a scalp- lock. They lock. They also wore a also wore a roachroach..

WomenWomen wore wore their long their long hair loose or hair loose or braided.braided.

American American Indian Indian tribetribe

TransportationTransportation FoodFood

QuapawQuapaw The Quapaw The Quapaw made and made and traveled by traveled by dugout canoes. dugout canoes.

They also used They also used dogs to pull a dogs to pull a travois or sled travois or sled when traveling when traveling with heavy loads with heavy loads by land.by land.

They ate They ate corn, beans corn, beans and squashand squash..

The The menmen hunted small hunted small game and game and buffalo.buffalo.

AmericaAmerican Indiann Indian

TribeTribe

Tools and Tools and weaponsweapons

HomesHomes

QuapawQuapaw The Quapaw The Quapaw people used people used bows and bows and arrows and arrows and clubs and clubs and spears.spears.

Their homes were Their homes were permanent and permanent and took time to build. took time to build. They were made They were made of wood, vine, of wood, vine, river cane and river cane and had a roof of had a roof of grass or tree bark.grass or tree bark.

American American Indian Indian tribetribe

ChildrenChildren ArtArt

QuapawQuapaw Quapaw Quapaw children, like children, like other children, other children, helped with the helped with the family chores family chores and sometimes and sometimes got to play with got to play with toys or play toys or play gamesgames..

The Quapaw The Quapaw were very were very good at good at making making pottery and pottery and doing doing beadwork.beadwork.

AmericaAmerican Indian n Indian TribeTribe

MusicMusic Legends and Legends and folktalesfolktales

QuapawQuapaw The Quapaw The Quapaw also liked to also liked to play musical play musical instruments instruments and to and to dance!dance!

Storytelling was Storytelling was important to the important to the Quapaw as it was Quapaw as it was with the Caddo and with the Caddo and Osage.Osage.

One of their stories One of their stories was about a was about a monster!monster!

Review: Why did American Indian population decline in Arkansas?

Which are the correct answers?

-attacks by savage animals-disease-storms-floods-desire for their land by European settlers-warfare-earthquakes-enslavement

Quapaw

Osage

Caddo

That ends the Power Point on That ends the Power Point on American Indians of ArkansasAmerican Indians of Arkansas

The information in this power point was made possible through the many great sources on the internet and in books available. There are many internet sites and books on the Native Americans of Arkansas available from those who have worked hard to preserve Native American history. Each tribe has its own website to preserve its history and its culture.. A list of internet sites follows on the next two slides. I would like to thank Dr. Trey Berry, author of The Arkansas Journey, for his advice and guidance and the many people who have preserved information on the rich heritage of American Indians.

The information in this power point was made possible through the many great sources on the internet and in books available. There are many internet sites and books on the Native Americans of Arkansas available from those who have worked hard to preserve Native American history. Each tribe has its own website to preserve its history and its culture.. A list of internet sites follows on the next two slides. I would like to thank Dr. Trey Berry, author of The Arkansas Journey, for his advice and guidance and the many people who have preserved information on the rich heritage of American Indians.

This power point was produced by Michele Wasson, Education Coordinator, Department of Arkansas Heritage.

Matt Reed, Curator of American Indian Matt Reed, Curator of American Indian Collections, Oklahoma Historical Collections, Oklahoma Historical

Society, edited and approved this Society, edited and approved this Power Point for use in the elementary Power Point for use in the elementary

classroomclassroom..

Internet sources usedInternet sources used http://www.google.com/images?q=Osage+women&rls=co

m.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&oe=&um=1&ie=UTF-8&source=og&sa=N&hl=en&tab=wi&biw=1259&bih=823

http://www.osagetribe.com/http://www.osagetribe.com/ http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/themes/http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/themes/

native-americans/native-americans/ http://www.bigorrin.org/osage_kids.htmhttp://www.bigorrin.org/osage_kids.htm http://www.bigorrin.org/caddo_kids.htmhttp://www.bigorrin.org/caddo_kids.htm http://www.bigorrin.org/chickasaw_kids.htmhttp://www.bigorrin.org/chickasaw_kids.htm http://www.google.com/images?http://www.google.com/images?

hl=en&biw=1276&bih=809&gbv=2&tbs=ischhl=en&biw=1276&bih=809&gbv=2&tbs=isch%3A1&sa=1&q=Tunica+indians&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=%3A1&sa=1&q=Tunica+indians&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=g1&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=g1&aql=&oq=&gs_rfai=

http://www.southshore.com//louisianapurchase.htmhttp://www.southshore.com//louisianapurchase.htm

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