american housing survey for the united states: 2007 · 2008-10-06 · a wealth of information based...

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Issued September 2008

American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007

H150/07

Current Housing Reports

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentOFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH

This report presents data from the AmericanHousing Survey, which was sponsored by theU.S. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-ment and conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.It was prepared primarily under the direction ofRonald J. Sepanik, Director, Housing andDemographic Analysis Division, Department ofHousing and Urban Development, and David S.Johnson, Chief, Housing and Household Eco-nomic Statistics Division, Census Bureau.

Ronald J. Sepanik, assisted by DavidVandenbroucke and Carolyn Lynch, wasresponsible for overseeing the American HousingSurvey resultant report on behalf of the Depart-ment of Housing and Urban Development.

Within the Census Bureau, this report was devel-oped in the Housing and Household EconomicStatistics Division. It was prepared under theoversight of Arthur R. Cresce Jr., AssistantDivision Chief for Housing Characteristics. Man-agement, coordination, and analysis of thisreport were under the supervision of Tamara A.Cole, Chief, American Housing Survey Branch,assisted by Joe Huesman. Primary staff assis-tance was provided by Altheria Y. Barnett,George T. Boyd, George R. Carter, III, JanetFreeland, Paul P. Harple, William L. Hartnett,Saundra Lord, Amy B. O’Hara, Mary B.Schwartz, Mary S. Stultz, Scott Susin, andBarbara T. Williams. Additional support wasprovided by the following American HousingBranch interns: John Paul Haring, LeannaHernandez, Brian M. Trainor, and JacquelineM. Wells.

Under the direction of Cheryl R. Landman,Chief, Demographic Surveys Division,Thomas L. Blatt, Assistant Division Chief, over-saw the implementation of the American Hous-ing Survey operational activities and directed thesystems and processing procedures. Under thesupervision of La Terri D. Bynum, Chief, Hous-ing Surveys Branch, Marni L. Brown, EdwardA. Hayes, Nancy J. Midziolek, Kyle E. Moore,Craig M. Pritzl, M. Christopher Stringer, AriL. Teichman, and Kenya D. Tyndle coordi-nated the operational aspects of the AmericanHousing Survey. Under the supervision of DebraK. P. Knoll, Chief, Housing Surveys Program-ming Branch, Sharonica L. Baker, Lisa A.Ferrer, Thomas A. Iseman, Cynfon L. Lyle,Janet E. Meschkat, Jimmy T. Nguyen, CherieL. Nichols, Susan K. Peters, Diana A. Rubin,and Diane S. Schwartz provided computer pro-gramming and processing. Lewis S. Lenkey,Evelyn J. Lincoln, and Frederick L. McKeeprovided procedures for mailouts and schedul-ing.

The Demographic Statistical Methods Division,under the direction of Ruth Ann Killion, Chief,performed sampling, reinterview, and related

activities. Under the supervision of DennisSchwanz, Robert Abramson, Alphonso M.Mason, Toni Marie Warner, and Carol Myletdeveloped the sample design, weighting, andcomputation of sampling variances and standarderrors. Shawn P. Barber, Debra A. Camper,Chongshan Chen, Marilyn E. Dorner,Leslie R. Flores, Kimberly Kochurka, Niki L.Lamas, Debi Mullen, Robert Sanders, andDon Washington, Chengee B. White, and theStatistical Methods and Quality Assurance Branch(National Processing Center) implemented thesample selection and prepared sample controls.Deloris A. Cockrell, Nelson R. Freeze, LorieMcCray, Justin D. Nguyen, and Karen LynnSpinosi conducted the reinterview design, pro-cedures, analysis, and programming.

Field Division, under the direction of BrianMonaghan, Chief, Michael J. Weiler, AssistantDivision Chief for Surveys, and Henry Tow,Branch Chief for Health and Housing Surveys,assisted by Clinton Borland, Medell E.Ford III, Laurie A. Jarboe, Gayle Marie, andThomas O’Leary administered the data collec-tion, clerical processing, and data entry activi-ties.

The Technologies Management Office, under thedirection of Barbara M. LoPresti, Chief, andassisted by Karen A. Bagwell, Geofrey Pejsa,and Steven W. Tornell, Assistant DivisionChiefs, provided overall automation support.Thomas R. Spaulding, Authoring Team Leader,provided the computer-assisted interviewingquestionnaires used for data collection.Charles M. Tyler, Jr., ROSCO DevelopmentTeam Leader, Timothy S. McGarvey, LaptopCase Management Team Leader, and Joanne N.Carruba, Master Control System Team Leader,provided computer programming and systemssupport. David Skeehan, Software TestingTeam Leader, provided application and systemstesting support. Christopher A. Garza, CAPITelecommunications Team Leader, provided sys-tems support for the CAPI telecommunicationssystem. Chad G. Nelson, Technical AssistanceCenter Team Leader, provided help desk supportto the Regional Office and field staff.

Amanda J. Gale, Jamie A. Stark, andElzie Ray Golden of the Administrative andCustomer Services Division, Francis GrailandHall, Chief, provided publications and printingmanagement, graphics design and composition,and editorial review for print and electronicmedia. General direction and production man-agement were provided by Claudette E.Bennett, Assistant Division Chief, and WandaCevis, Chief, Publications Services Branch.

Special acknowledgment is also due to the manyhouseholds whose cooperation contributed tothe publication of these data.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007 Issued September 2008

H150/07Current Housing Reports

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary

John J. Sullivan, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUSteve H. Murdock,

Director

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

Steve Preston, Secretary

Roy A. Bernardi, Deputy Secretary

OFFICE OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND

RESEARCH

Darlene Williams, Assistant Secretary

Howard Hogan,Associate Directorfor Demographic Programs

David S. Johnson,Chief, Housing and HouseholdEconomic Statistics Division

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Census Bureau,Current Housing Reports,

Series H150/07,American Housing Survey

for the United States: 2007U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC, 20401Printed in 2008

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office; Mail: Stop SSOPWashington, DC 20402-0001Internet: ; Phone: toll-free 1-866-512-1800; DC area 202-512-1800; Fax: 202-512-2250For sale also by HUD USER, P.O. Box 23268, Washington, DC 20026-3268 Internet:; Phone: toll-free 1-800-245-2691

OFFICE OF POLICYDEVELOPMENT ANDRESEARCH

Darlene Williams,Assistant SecretaryKurt G. Usowski,Deputy Assistant Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

Ronald J. Sepanik,Director, Housing andDemographic AnalysisDivision

ECONOMICS

AND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Cynthia A. Glassman,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Steve H. Murdock,Director

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Acting Deputy Director andChief Operating Officer

Availabilityof Data ViaElectronic

Media---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In addition to the data shown in this report, users may accessa wealth of information based on the American HousingSurvey (AHS) by way of the Internet. Through the AHS Website, data charts are available for users to view the resultsfrom the 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, and2007 AHS National surveys. The AHS Web site also offersusers the opportunity to download National microdata for theyears 1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 by using Ferrett.

National and Metropolitan publications dating back to 1973are available in PDF and scanned format within the AHS Website at .

Groups of these books are available on CD-ROMs orselectively at .

All information can be accessed through the U.S. CensusBureau’s home page at .

Users may send requests for data or questions regarding thedata via e-mail to the Housing and Household EconomicStatistics Division of the Census Bureau at.

Data users may find similar information concerning the AHSthrough the HUD USER Web site at .

Comments FromData Users ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

We, in the American Housing Survey Branch, would like anyquestions or comments that you might have about this reportand welcome your recommendations for improving theusefulness of our products. If you would like to do so,please write to:

Chief, American Housing Survey BranchHousing and Household Economic Statistics DivisionU.S. Census BureauWashington, DC 20233-8500

or e-mail:

[email protected]

or call:

1-888-518-7365

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau

Census Bureau Home Pagewww.census.gov

American Housing Survey Home Pagewww.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html


Major Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivExplanations and Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vDates of Current AHS Metropolitan Areas:1974 to 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Dates of AHS Metropolitan Areas No Longer inSample: 1974 to 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xAcronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Total Inventory and Vacant UnitsAll

housingCentral

cities SuburbsOutside

MSAs

1. Introductory Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A-1 1B-1 1C-1 1D-12. Height and Condition of Building . . . . . . . . . . 1A-2 1B-2 1C-2 1D-23. Size of Unit and Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A-3 1B-3 1C-3 1D-34. Selected Equipment and Plumbing . . . . . . . . . 1A-4 1B-4 1C-4 1D-45. Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A-5 1B-5 1C-5 1D-56. Housing and Neighborhood Quality . . . . . . . . 1A-6 1B-6 1C-6 1D-67. Financial Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1A-7 1B-7 1C-7 1D-7

Occupied UnitsTotal

occupiedOwner

occupiedRenter

occupied

Blackalone

house-holder

Hispanichouse-holder

Elderlyhouse-holder

Tables with standard column headings

1. Introductory Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 7-12. Height and Condition of Building . . . . . . . . . 2-2 3-2 4-2 5-2 6-2 7-23. Size of Unit and Lot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 3-3 4-3 5-3 6-3 7-34. Selected Equipment and Plumbing . . . . . . . . 2-4 3-4 4-4 5-4 6-4 7-45. Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 3-5 4-5 5-5 6-5 7-56. Failures in Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6 6-6 7-67. Additional Indicators of Housing Quality . . 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7 7-78. Neighborhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-89. Household Composition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9 7-910. Previous Unit of Recent Movers. . . . . . . . . . . 2-10 3-10 4-10 5-10 6-10 7-1011. Reasons for Move and Choice of Current

Residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 3-11 4-11 5-11 6-11 7-1112. Income Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12 3-12 4-12 5-12 6-12 7-1213. Selected Housing Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 3-13 4-13 5-13 6-13 7-1314. Value, Purchase Price, and Source of

Down Payment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3-14 * 5-14 6-14 7-1415. Mortgage Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * 3-15 * 5-15 6-15 7-15

Tables with specialized column headings

17. Rooms in Unit by Household and UnitSize, Income, and Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17 3-17 4-17 5-17 6-17 7-17

18. Square Footage by Household and UnitSize, Income, and Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-18 3-18 4-18 5-18 6-18 7-18

19. Detailed Tenure by FinancialCharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 3-19 4-19 5-19 6-19 7-19

20. Income of Families and PrimaryIndividuals by Selected Characteristics . . . 2-20 3-20 4-20 5-20 6-20 7-20

21. Housing Costs by SelectedCharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21 3-21 4-21 5-21 6-21 7-21

22. Value by Selected Characteristics . . . . . . . . . * 3-22 * 5-22 6-22 7-2223. Type of Structure and Heating Degree

Days by Cost of Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 3-23 4-23 5-23 6-23 7-2324. Journey to Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24 3-24 4-24 5-24 6-24 7-2425. Units in Structure by Selected

Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25 3-25 4-25 5-25 6-25 7-25

Appendixes

A. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1B. Sample Design and Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1C. Historical Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1D. Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1Index for Table Numbers and Appendixes . . . . Index-1

* Table not shown; it only applies to owner-occupied units.

CONTENTS

iiiAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2007U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau

Major Changes(For additional details, as well as previous years’ changes, see Appendix C.)

ITEMS ADDED

Academic comparison to other area elementaryschools. A question was added to determine how therespondents believed their public elementary school com-pared academically to the other public elementary schoolsin their area.

Safety equipment. A series of questions were added todetermine the number of homes with working smokedetectors, fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, and/orcarbon monoxide detectors.

Down payment. A question was added to determine thepercent of purchase price that was used as a down pay-ment.

For detailed definitions of these items, see Appendix A.

ITEMS MODIFIED

Special living. Additional types of services and assis-tance available to residents (such as bathing and eating)were only asked of those who reported that meals, trans-portation, or housekeeping were available.

Neighborhood conditions. The series of questions onneighborhood crime, odors, and street noise or traffic wasreduced. For each of these items we no longer askwhether or not the condition is bothersome and, if yes, sobothersome that they want to move.

Neighborhood shopping. We no longer ask if satisfac-tory neighborhood shopping is available and the distancefrom home (less than 1 mile or 1 mile or more). Instead,we ask if grocery or drug stores are within 15 minutes ofthe home and, if yes, are they satisfactory.

Public transportation. Instead of asking if the house-hold uses public transportation weekly or less than weeklyand the satisfaction level, we now ask if the householduses it regularly for commuting to school or work and thetravel time to the nearest mode of transportation.

Selected physical problems. Modified to exclude hall-ways under severe and moderate physical problems.

Income sources of families and primary individuals.We subdivided the combined Interest/Dividend/Rentalincome question into separate income receipt items. Wealso modified the other income to no longer include childsupport or alimony.

Public elementary school. We no longer ask those whoreport an unsatisfactory elementary school if they are sobothered they want to move.

Other heating equipment. We no longer ask for thetype of fuel used for the secondary sources of heatingequipment, nor do we determine if the equipment is a par-allel or supplemental heat source.

For detailed definitions of these items, see Appendix A.

For a description of these changes, see Appendix C.

ITEMS DROPPED

Fuels. The question regarding other house heating fuelswas dropped.

Height and condition of building. For multiunit struc-tures, the questions on common stairways (and their con-dition) and light fixtures (and their working order) weredropped.

iv American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Explanations and Cautions

EXPLANATIONS

Survey authority and confidentiality. The U.S. CensusBureau conducts the American Housing Survey (AHS) toobtain up-to-date housing statistics for the U.S. Depart-ment of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Title 12,Sections 1701Z-1 and 1701Z-2g of the U.S. Code autho-rizes the Secretary of HUD to collect data from public andprivate agencies and protect the confidentiality of thedata. Title 12, Section 1701Z-10 mandates the collectionof the data for the AHS. The guarantee of confidentialitymade to respondents is provided by the Census Bureau.Title 13, Section 9a of the U.S. Code provides that all infor-mation that would permit identification of individuals willbe held in strict confidence. Such information may be seenonly by sworn Census Bureau employees and may be usedonly for statistical purposes. Section 214 of Title 13 setspenalties for disclosing confidential information. Unautho-rized disclosure of individual information by a sworn Cen-sus Bureau employee is punishable by a fine of up to$250,000 or imprisonment of up to 5 years, or both. TheCensus Bureau is authorized under Title 31, Section 1535of the U.S. Code to perform special work or services forother federal agencies.

Contents of book. This book presents data on apart-ments; single-family homes; manufactured/mobile homes;vacant housing units; age, sex, and race of householders;income; housing and neighborhood quality; housing costs;equipment and fuels; and size of the housing units. Thebook also presents data on mortgages, rent control, rentsubsidies, previous unit of recent movers, and reasons formoving.

Scope of the survey. The AHS is conducted by field rep-resentatives who obtain information from occupants ofhomes. They get information on vacant homes frominformed people such as landlords, rental agents, orknowledgeable neighbors. Interviewing occurred betweenApril and mid-September 2007. The 2007 national surveyis a sample of about 52,850 interviews conducted everyother year. From 1973, when it started, to 1981, the AHScollected national data every year, instead of every otheryear, and was called the Annual Housing Survey.

CAUTIONS

Sampling and nonsampling errors. The numbers inthis book may have errors from sampling and othercauses (incomplete data, wrong answers, etc.).

Table A. 2007 AHS-N Errors From Sampling

When the AHS gives one ofthe following numbers—

The chances are 90 percentthat the actual value is inside

the range of plus or minus

0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,00010,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,000100,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,0001,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107,0002,500,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168,000

5,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235,00010,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,00025,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480,00050,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558,00075,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597,000

100,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502,000110,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423,000120,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296,000125,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188,000128,000,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,000

Source: These errors were computed based on a formula with high samplingerror in Table D-6 in Appendix D. This table represents a conservative example.

Table A shows the magnitude of these errors from sam-pling. Nonsampling errors can be even bigger.

As an example of how to use Table A, suppose this bookshows 1,000,000 homes of a certain type. The tableshows the range of error is 107,000 homes. This meansthat there is a 90-percent likelihood that the true value isbetween 893,000 and 1,107,000 homes of this type. Moreprecision cannot be obtained from this survey because thesample size is not larger.

Appendix D gives more detailed formulas to calculateerrors for a wide range of items. Appendix D also givessome estimates of nonsampling errors.

Undercoverage and nonresponse. Each home in theAHS sample represents a large number of other homes.However, because of incomplete sampling lists (i.e., under-coverage) and nonresponse, the homes in the survey donot represent all homes in the country. Therefore, the rawnumbers from the survey are raised proportionally so thatthe published numbers match independent estimates ofthe total number of homes. These independent estimatesare based on Census 2000, plus changes since then. Hous-ing unit undercoverage and household nonresponse isabout 15 percent. Compared to the level derived from theadjusted Census 2000 counts, housing unit undercover-age alone is about 3.2 percent.

The weighting procedures used for the AHS-National par-tially correct for bias due to nonresponse and housing unit

vAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


undercoverage, but not for within-household undercover-age. The procedures assume the housing units missed bythe survey are like those included, which is not entirelyaccurate. Housing-unit undercoverage varies by age, eth-nicity, and race of householder and by type of household.For some groups, such as Black alone, the undercoverageis at least 9 percent. Some AHS-National estimates areaffected by missed persons within sample households.These are persons per room, square feet per person, somehousehold composition items (for example, persons perhousehold), and income characteristics. We do not knowthe effect of this within-household undercoverage onthese characteristics. Appendix B explains how the num-bers were proportionally adjusted.

Income and poverty. Historically, the AHS underesti-mates income and overestimates poverty when comparedto the Current Population Survey (CPS). The poverty datain the AHS are not published as an official count of house-holds in poverty but to show the housing characteristicsof low-income households. For a discussion of income andpoverty, see Appendix C.

Computer assisted interviewing software. In order toimprove our data collection systems, the CASES DOS lap-top software was replaced in 2007 with the BLAISE for

Windows system. BLAISE provides more programmingoptions, higher quality screen displays, and increaseduser-friendliness. As of the time of this publication, theeffect(s) on the data of this software change have not beenfully investigated. Therefore, caution is recommendedwhen comparing prior years’ data with 2007 data.

DATA AVAILABILITY

The AHS data are presented nationally as well as for majorselected metropolitan areas. Table B shows the sources forobtaining AHS data, the product available, and the pricingfor each product. Each source or organization sets its owncharges, so prices may vary among the sources. For thedata user whose needs are not met by the book tabula-tions (printed books), microdata are available on tapes andon CD-ROMs so that data can be tabulated in any waydesired. Microdata are also available on the Internet for1997 and beyond. National data tables are on the Internetfor 1973 and beyond. Contact HHES for more details. Toprotect the confidentiality of the respondent, names,addresses, and areas smaller than 100,000 people are notidentified. The sample design generally will not supportanalysis for areas smaller than those shown in the books.

vi American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Table B. Sources for American Housing Survey Data

Source Telephone Books Microdata

HUD USERP.O. Box 23268Washington, DC 20026-3268

1-800-245-2691202-708-3178TDD 1-800-927-7589Fax 202-708-9981

National and Metropolitan $5Codebooks

Volume I $30Volume II $5Volume III $20

National CD-ROMBefore 1997 $501997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 $15

Metropolitan CD-ROMBefore 1996 $501996 to present $15

Table Generating Data Disk $15CD-ROM1 AVI-000102

HUD USER Home Page:www.huduser.org/datasets/ahs.html Codebooks Free

1995 and later National and MetropolitanFree

Customer ServicesU.S. Census BureauWashington, DC 20233-0801www.census.gov/mp/www/cat

301-763-INFO (4636) forgeneral information

Fax 301-763-3842, orders only

Metropolitan Fees vary National and Metropolitan CD-ROMsBack to early 1970s Call

customerservices

for information

Superintendent of Documents2P.O. Box 979050St. Louis, MO 63197-9000

202-512-1800Fax 202-512-2104

National $55

U.S. National Archives andRecords Administration

Center for Electronic Recordswww.archives.gov

301-837-0470 National and MetropolitanElectronic data are availableon removable media, suchas CD-ROMs and DVDs.Call the electronic and specialmedia record servicesdivision at 301-837-0470. Fees vary

Internet Publications:www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/cons-hou.html#house

National, MetropolitanAnalyticalAll reports since 1973

Interactive Internet ToolsFerret—data extraction system1997, 1999, 2001, and 2003 FreeData Extraction System (DES)1993, 1995 Free

American Housing Survey Home Page:www.census.gov/hhes/www/ahs.html

1The American Housing Surveys for 1999 and 2001 issued CD-ROMs titled ‘‘Table Generating Data Disk.’’ These CDs contain a special type of database file called anEXTRACT. This file allows users to create their own tables (cross tabulations) with the built-in software. On these CDs, there are data tables that users can manipulate toshow selected information, to form graphs, and to print. Included also on these CDs is the microdata file in both SAS and ASCII formats along with the associateddocumentation. The publications also are included.

2Ask for U.S. Census Bureau series H150 and H151. Depository libraries may order Superintendent of Documents prefix C3.215. Libraries often keep national books ina special catalog and section for U.S. government documents. Metropolitan reports may be located in the general catalog since these are not published by theSuperintendent of Documents.

viiAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Dates of Current AHS Metropolitan Areas:1974 to 2007(A book for each survey is published about 12 months later)

Area 2003–20071998–2002

1995–1997*

1992–1994

1988–1991

1984–1987

1981–1983 1980

1977–1979

1974–1976

Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA** ... 02 ... 94 90 86 81 ... 77 74Atlanta, GA MSA 04 ... 96 ... 91 87 82 ... 78 75Baltimore, MD MSA 07 98 ... ... 91 87 83 ... 79 76Birmingham, AL MSA ... 98 ... 92 88 84 ... 80 ... 76

Boston, MA-NH CMSA 07 98 ... 93 89 85 81 ... 77 74Buffalo, NY CMSA** ... 02 ... 94 88 84 ... ... 79 76Charlotte, NC-SC MSA ... 02 95 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Chicago, IL PMSA 03 99 95 ... 91 87 83 ... 79 75Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN PMSA** ... 98 ... ... 90 86 82 ... 78 75

Cleveland, OH PMSA** 04 ... 96 92 88 84 ... ... 79 76Columbus, OH MSA ... 02 95 ... 91 87 82 ... 78 75Dallas, TX PMSA** ... 02 ... 94 89 85 81 ... 77 74Denver, CO MSA 04 ... 95 ... 90 86 83 ... 79 76Detroit, MI PMSA 03 99 95 93 89 85 81 ... 77 74

Fort Worth-Arlington, TX PMSA** ... 02 ... 94 89 85 81 ... 77 74Hartford, CT MSA 04 ... 96 ... 91 87 83 ... 79 75Houston, TX (new sample in 1987) PMSAs 07 98 ... ... 91 87 83 ... 79 76Indianapolis, IN MSA** 04 ... 96 92 88 84 ... 80 ... 76Kansas City, MO-KS MSA ... 02 95 ... 90 86 82 ... 78 75

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA PMSA** 03 99 95 ... 89 85 ... 80 77 74Memphis, TN-AR-MS MSA 04 ... 96 92 88 84 ... 80 77 74Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, FL CMSA 07 02 95 ... 90 86 83 ... 79 75Milwaukee, WI PMSA** ... 02 ... 94 88 84 ... ... 79 75Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI MSA 07 98 ... 93 89 85 81 ... 77 74

New Orleans, LA MSA 04 ... 95 ... 90 86 82 ... 78 75New York-Nassau-Suffolk-Orange, NY PMSAs 03 99 95 ... 91 87 83 80 ... 76Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC*** ... 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...Northern NJ PMSAs 03 99 95 ... 91 87 ... ... ... ...Oakland, CA PMSA**** ... 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Oklahoma City, OK MSA 04 ... 96 92 88 84 ... 80 ... 76Philadelphia, PA-NJ PMSA** 03 99 95 ... 89 85 82 ... 78 75Phoenix, AZ MSA** ... 02 ... 94 89 85 81 ... 77 74Pittsburgh, PA MSA 04 ... 95 ... 90 86 81 ... 77 74Portland, OR-WA PMSA ... 02 95 ... 90 86 83 ... 79 75

Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, RI-MA PMSAs ... 98 ... 92 88 84 ... 80 ... 76Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA PMSA** ... 02 ... 94 90 86 82 ... 78 75Rochester, NY MSA ... 98 ... ... 90 86 82 ... 78 75Sacramento, CA PMSA 04 ... 96 ... ... ... 83 80 ... 76St. Louis, MO-IL MSA 04 ... 96 ... 91 87 83 80 ... 76

Salt Lake City, UT MSA ... 98 ... 92 88 84 ... 80 77 74San Antonio, TX MSA 04 ... 95 ... 90 86 82 ... 78 75San Diego, CA MSA** ... 02 ... 94 91 87 82 ... 78 75San Francisco, CA PMSA**** ... 98 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...San Francisco-Oakland, CA PMSAs ... ... ... 93 89 85 82 ... 78 75

San Jose, CA PMSA ... 98 ... 93 88 84 ... ... ... ...Seattle-Everett, WA PMSA 04 ... 96 ... ... ... 83 ... 79 76Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL MSA 07 98 ... 93 89 85 ... ... ... ...Washington, DC-MD-VA MSA 07 98 ... 93 89 85 81 ... 77 74

... Not applicable.* No areas surveyed for 1997.** Same area since beginning. All other areas change boundaries over time; see map or list of counties in each report.*** Currituck County, NC, was added to the geographic definition in 1998.**** Formerly with San Francisco-Oakland, CA PMSAs.

viii American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Dates of AHS Metropolitan Areas No Longer in Sample:1974 to 2007

Area 1998–20071995–1997*

1992–1994

1988–1991

1984–1987

1981–1983 1980

1977–1979

1974–1976

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY** ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 77 74Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ** ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 ... 76Colorado Springs, CO** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 75Grand Rapids, MI** ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 ... 76Honolulu, HI** ... ... ... ... ... 83 ... 79 76

Las Vegas, NV** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 76Louisville, KY-IN** ... ... ... ... ... 83 80 ... 76Madison, WI** ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 75Newark, NJ (now covered by Northern NJ)** ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 74Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA MSA ... ... 92 88 84 ... ... 78 75

Newport News-Hampton, VA MSA ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 75Omaha, NE-IA** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 76Orlando, FL** ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 74Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, NJ (now covered byNorthern NJ)** ... ... ... ... ... 82 ... 78 75

Raleigh, NC** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 79 76

Saginaw, MI** ... ... ... ... ... ... 80 77 74Seattle-Tacoma, WA ... ... ... 91 87 ... ... ... ...Spokane, WA ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 74Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke, MA-CT** ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 78 75Tacoma, WA** ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 74Wichita, KS** ... ... ... ... ... 81 ... 77 74

... Not applicable.* No areas surveyed for 1997.** Same area since beginning. All other areas change boundaries over time; see map or list of counties in each report.

ixAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Figures 1, 2, and 3 highlight some findings from the 2007 American Housing Survey.

Figure 1.Selected Features of Occupied Homes: 2007 (Percent of occupied units. The numbers in parentheses show table numbers where more data are available)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007.

Phone available (2-7)

Working smoke detector (2-4)

Air conditioning (2-4)

Washing machine (2-4)

Public sewer (2-4)

Single-family structures (2-1)

Owner occupied (2-1)

Garage or carport (2-7)

Dishwasher (2-4)

Three or more bedrooms (2-3)

Two or more complete bathrooms (2-3)

Separate dining room (2-7)

Usable fireplace (2-7)

Household with children (2-9)

Owner-occupied units valued at $200,000 + (3-14)

Working carbon monoxide detector (2-4)

Renter occupied (2-1)

One-person households (2-9)

Moved in past year (2-1)

Below poverty (2-1)

With Black-alone householders (2-1)

With Hispanic householders (2-1)

No cars, trucks, or vans (2-7)

Homes built before 1920 (2-1)

Condominiums and cooperatives (2-1)

Manufactured/mobile homes (2-1)

One adult with children (2-9)

Home built in last 4 years (2-1)

Sprinkler system inside home (2-4)

Three generations (2-9)

More than one person per room (2-3)

Seven or more stories in structure (2-2)

Incomplete kitchen (2-4)

Lacking some or all plumbing facilities (2-4)

Move in before 1950 (2-9)

97.8

92.4

0.5

1.1

1.6

1.8

2.9

2.3

6.3

6.2

5.2

3.9

7.8

6.4

6.9

11.4

12.5

12.8

16.2

32.7

32.6

27.1

31.7

34.5

34.2

49.7

48.9

64.0

63.3

65.3

68.3

76.3

80.2

82.5

86.4

x American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Figure 2.

Occupancy and Units in Building: 2007(Total housing units from Table 1A-1)

Figure 3.

Location: 2007(Occupied units from Table 2-1)

Owners1, 1 unit 56%

Owners, 2+ units 3%

Renters, 2+ units 17%

Renters1, 1 unit 11%

Vacant units 13%

1Includes manufactured/mobile homes.


1Urban—includes central cities, cities, and towns of at least 2,500 people, and other areas with density of at least 1.6 people per acre next to central cities.


For rent 22%

Rented or sold 6%

Other vacant 18%

Occasional use/usual residence elsewhere 17%

For sale only 12%

Seasonal 25%

Metropolitan suburbs—urban1 36%

Metropolitan suburbs—rural 11%

Metropolitan central cities— urban1 29%

Nonmetropolitan—urban1 11%

Nonmetropolitan—rural 13%

xiAmerican Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Acronyms and Abbreviations

AFDC Aid to Families With Dependent ChildrenAHS-MS American Housing Survey—Metropolitan SampleAHS-N American Housing Survey—NationalCAI Computer-Assisted InterviewingCATI Computer-Assisted Telephone InterviewingCDP Census Designated PlaceCMSA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical AreaCPI Consumer Price IndexCPS Current Population SurveyFERRETT Federal Electronic Research, Review, Extraction, and Tabulation Tool

FHA Federal Housing AdministrationGED Test of General Education DevelopmentHHES Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division

(U.S. Census Bureau)HUD U.S. Department of Housing and Urban DevelopmentMSA Metropolitan Statistical AreaNHIS National Health Interview SurveyNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationOMB Office of Management and BudgetPDF Portable Document FormatPMSA Primary Metropolitan Statistical AreaPSU Primary Sampling UnitRECS Residential Energy Consumption SurveyRHS/RD Rural Housing Service/Rural Development Mortgage

(formerly Farmers Home Administration)SSI Supplemental Security IncomeTANF Temporary Assistance for Needy FamiliesURE Usual Residence ElsewhereVA Department of Veterans Affairs

xii American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007


Table 1A�1. Introductory Characteristics�All Housing Units[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�

sonal Total Total Owner Renter Total For rent

Rentalvacan�cy rate

Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Total 128 203�� 4 402 123 801 110 692 75 647 35 045 13 109 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 7 188 8 705

Units in Structure1, detached 80 406�� 2 651 77 755 71 435 62 512 8 923 6 320 850 8.6 1 420 567 1 563 1 919 5 066 ...1, attached 7 135�� 210 6 925 6 083 4 042 2 040 843 192 8.4 157 104 207 183 688 ...2 to 4 10 515�� 196 10 319 8 790 1 414 7 376 1 528 708 8.7 72 87 268 393 258 ...5 to 9 6 200�� 107 6 093 5 258 571 4 686 835 526 10.0 43 57 109 100 167 ...10 to 19 5 808�� 108 5 700 4 697 476 4 221 1 003 619 12.6 47 69 163 106 218 ...20 to 49 4 609�� 194 4 415 3 645 489 3 155 770 450 12.3 45 70 125 80 176 ...50 or more 4 826�� 203 4 623 3 866 723 3 143 757 362 10.2 76 60 151 108 196 ...Manufactured/mobile home or trailer 8 705�� 733 7 972 6 919 5 419 1 500 1 053 147 8.9 158 65 352 332 419 8 705

Cooperatives and CondominiumsCooperatives 848�� 88 760 664 424 240 96 13 5.1 23 10 33 17 33 94Condominiums 8 445�� 664 7 782 6 413 4 276 2 136 1 369 237 9.9 292 99 512 229 686 48

Year Structure Built1

2005 to 2009 4 882�� 152 4 729 3 678 2 964 714 1 051 209 22.2 385 158 142 157 4 882 2722000 to 2004 9 152�� 307 8 845 8 015 6 344 1 671 830 206 10.7 202 84 213 124 2 306 8981995 to 1999 8 794�� 341 8 453 7 821 6 189 1 631 632 155 8.5 108 44 205 120 ... 1 6671990 to 1994 7 028�� 283 6 745 6 159 4 988 1 171 585 120 9.2 106 63 228 68 ... 1 0821985 to 1989 8 811�� 295 8 516 7 726 5 267 2 459 791 304 10.9 110 56 178 143 ... 8601980 to 1984 7 474�� 237 7 238 6 467 4 198 2 269 771 255 10.0 90 58 204 164 ... 9691975 to 1979 14 404�� 524 13 880 12 411 7 860 4 551 1 470 521 10.2 185 103 350 311 ... 9921970 to 1974 10 969�� 426 10 543 9 436 5 759 3 677 1 108 419 10.1 111 91 246 240 ... 1 1381960 to 1969 15 292�� 523 14 769 13 397 8 979 4 418 1 372 440 9.0 201 88 275 368 ... 6091950 to 1959 12 994�� 396 12 598 11 501 8 382 3 120 1 097 244 7.2 158 91 245 360 ... 1011940 to 1949 7 916�� 312 7 604 6 817 4 423 2 394 786 217 8.2 108 48 147 267 ... 431930 to 1939 5 993�� 228 5 765 5 070 3 062 2 007 695 187 8.4 69 48 133 259 ... 741920 to 1929 5 357�� 129 5 229 4 582 2 676 1 906 646 199 9.3 59 48 120 219 ... –1919 or earlier 9 136�� 248 8 888 7 612 4 555 3 057 1 276 378 10.9 127 99 252 421 ... –Median 1973�� 1974 1973 1973 1975 1971 1973 1973 ... 1980 1976 1976 1962 ... 1987

Suitability for Year�Round Use2

Built and heated for year�round use 127 094�� 3 292 123 801 110 692 75 647 35 045 13 109 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 7 175 8 540Not suitable 943�� 943 – – – – – – – – – – – 8 111Not reported 167�� 167 – – – – – – – – – – – 4 55

Time SharingVacant, including URE ...�� 4 402 ... ... ... ... 13 109 3 852 89.5 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 1 441 1 786

Ownership time�shared ...�� 24 ... ... ... ... 100 23 100.0 12 3 40 23 8 10Not time�shared ...�� 4 378 ... ... ... ... 13 009 3 829 89.4 2 006 1 076 2 899 3 199 1 434 1 776

Duration of VacancyVacant units ...�� 3 703 ... ... ... ... 12 150 3 852 90.0 2 017 1 080 1 979 3 222 1 344 1 613

Less than 1 month vacant ...�� 617 ... ... ... ... 1 765 889 84.2 177 253 221 226 216 2261 month up to 2 months ...�� 289 ... ... ... ... 1 655 778 89.3 216 178 209 274 147 1592 months up to 6 months ...�� 567 ... ... ... ... 2 356 950 90.6 423 208 287 487 224 2516 months up to 1 year ...�� 624 ... ... ... ... 1 370 387 94.9 355 136 192 301 119 2001 year up to 2 years ...�� 135 ... ... ... ... 1 050 240 92.9 176 61 151 422 72 1182 years or more ...�� 642 ... ... ... ... 1 903 212 93.5 208 87 385 1 012 51 345Never occupied ...�� 323 ... ... ... ... 445 55 100.0 120 46 138 86 272 155Don’t know ...�� 505 ... ... ... ... 1 606 342 96.1 343 112 396 413 242 159

Last Used as a Permanent ResidenceVacant seasonal ...�� 4 402 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 210 733

Less than 1 month since occupied as permanenthome ...�� 319 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42 54

1 month up to 2 months ...�� 82 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 82 months up to 6 months ...�� 155 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 166 months up to 1 year ...�� 136 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – 201 year up to 2 years ...�� 144 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 182 years or more ...�� 1 104 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 21 182Never occupied as permanent home ...�� 1 877 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108 306Don’t know ...�� 578 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 130Not reported ...�� 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... – –

Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan AreasInside metropolitan statistical areas 94 847�� 2 053 92 794 83 664 55 053 28 611 9 130 3 131 9.8 1 233 685 1 878 2 203 1 445 3 146

In central cities 35 906�� 333 35 573 31 602 16 889 14 713 3 971 1 645 9.9 417 308 614 988 915 701Suburbs 58 941�� 1 720 57 221 52 062 38 164 13 899 5 159 1 487 9.6 816 377 1 264 1 215 530 2 445

Outside metropolitan statistical areas 33 356�� 2 349 31 007 27 028 20 594 6 434 3 979 721 9.9 785 394 1 061 1 019 5 743 5 559

RegionsNortheast 23 128�� 875 22 253 20 392 13 339 7 052 1 862 535 7.0 246 130 493 458 635 631Midwest 29 202�� 901 28 300 25 292 18 194 7 097 3 009 1 007 12.3 511 230 569 692 1 342 1 503South 48 324�� 1 758 46 566 40 609 28 508 12 101 5 957 1 686 12.1 895 460 1 325 1 592 3 411 4 985West 27 550�� 868 26 682 24 400 15 607 8 794 2 282 624 6.6 365 261 552 480 1 801 1 586

Place Size3

Less than 2,500 persons 6 379�� 400 5 979 5 275 4 023 1 252 705 155 10.9 126 51 164 208 299 6102,500 to 9,999 persons 15 245�� 570 14 675 13 045 9 332 3 713 1 630 460 11.0 274 108 381 407 737 90310,000 to 19,999 persons 10 748�� 172 10 576 9 557 6 380 3 177 1 019 306 8.6 212 125 208 168 456 33720,000 to 49,999 persons 16 619�� 250 16 369 14 806 9 634 5 172 1 564 530 9.2 282 115 269 369 615 34950,000 to 99,999 persons 11 954�� 142 11 812 10 702 6 644 4 058 1 110 437 9.6 143 114 177 240 456 236100,000 to 249,999 persons 9 801�� 72 9 730 8 689 5 099 3 591 1 040 436 10.7 131 99 131 244 299 119250,000 to 499,999 persons 6 928�� 41 6 887 6 075 3 263 2 812 812 333 10.5 100 75 80 225 333 123500,000 to 999,999 persons 4 301�� 20 4 281 3 776 2 086 1 690 505 231 11.9 56 34 61 123 167 631,000,000 persons or more 7 981�� 41 7 939 7 141 2 965 4 175 799 336 7.4 78 49 169 166 125 22

Homes Currently for Sale or RentUp for rent only ...�� ... ... ... 56 ... ... 3 551 ... ... ... 279 ... 230 141Up for rent or for sale ...�� ... ... ... 36 ... ... 301 ... ... ... 28 ... 32 26For sale only ...�� ... ... ... 1 610 ... ... ... ... 2 017 ... 44 ... 572 263Not on the market ...�� ... ... ... 72 548 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 587 3 222 5 017 5 949Not reported ...�� ... ... ... 1 398 ... ... ... ... ... ... – ... 92 93

American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007 1U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 1A�1. Introductory Characteristics�All Housing Units�Con.[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�



Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Reasons Extra Unit Owned4

Extra units 7 256�� 4 318 2 938 ... ... ... 2 938 ... ... ... ... 2 938 ... 389 1 081Previous usual residence 632�� 194 439 ... ... ... 439 ... ... ... ... 439 ... 10 102Used for recreational purposes 3 138�� 2 277 860 ... ... ... 860 ... ... ... ... 860 ... 199 500Investment purposes 767�� 389 379 ... ... ... 379 ... ... ... ... 379 ... 50 64Unable to sell property 74�� 48 26 ... ... ... 26 ... ... ... ... 26 ... 16 15Inherited property 405�� 226 179 ... ... ... 179 ... ... ... ... 179 ... – 37Other reasons 927�� 510 417 ... ... ... 417 ... ... ... ... 417 ... 49 169Not reported 1 689�� 928 761 ... ... ... 761 ... ... ... ... 761 ... 96 221

Location of Extra Unit

Within 150 miles of current residence 2 898�� 1 685 1 214 ... ... ... 1 214 ... ... ... ... 1 214 ... 120 453150 miles or more from current residence 2 228�� 1 366 862 ... ... ... 862 ... ... ... ... 862 ... 166 301Not reported 2 130�� 1 268 863 ... ... ... 863 ... ... ... ... 863 ... 103 326

Nights Owner Spent at Extra Unit

0 to 2 nights 1 403�� 828 575 ... ... ... 575 ... ... ... ... 575 ... 47 2283 to 7 nights 278�� 210 69 ... ... ... 69 ... ... ... ... 69 ... 8 488 nights or more 3 146�� 1 850 1 295 ... ... ... 1 295 ... ... ... ... 1 295 ... 220 477Not reported 2 429�� 1 429 1 000 ... ... ... 1 000 ... ... ... ... 1 000 ... 114 328

Nights Owner Rented Extra Unit

0 to 2 nights 4 249�� 2 582 1 666 ... ... ... 1 666 ... ... ... ... 1 666 ... 266 7583 to 7 nights 16�� 10 7 ... ... ... 7 ... ... ... ... 7 ... – 48 nights or more 865�� 438 427 ... ... ... 427 ... ... ... ... 427 ... 25 63Not reported 2 126�� 1 288 839 ... ... ... 839 ... ... ... ... 839 ... 98 256

Manufactured/Mobile Home Size

Manufactured/mobile homes 8 705�� 733 7 972 6 919 5 419 1 500 1 053 147 8.9 158 65 352 332 419 8 705Single�wide 5 362�� 544 4 818 4 028 2 833 1 195 790 129 9.7 102 48 223 289 166 5 362Double�wide 3 192�� 181 3 011 2 765 2 477 288 245 18 5.7 56 17 111 44 247 3 192Triple�wide or larger 107�� – 107 105 97 7 2 – – – – 2 – 3 107Size not reported 44�� 7 37 21 12 9 16 – – – – 16 – 3 44

Manufactured/Mobile Home Tiedowns

Manufactured/mobile homes 8 705�� 733 7 972 6 919 5 419 1 500 1 053 147 8.9 158 65 352 332 419 8 705Anchored by tiedowns, bolts, or other means 7 284�� 519 6 765 5 964 4 786 1 178 801 117 9.0 127 38 278 241 350 7 284Not anchored 1 056�� 150 905 756 548 208 149 13 5.8 12 15 44 65 48 1 056Anchoring not reported 366�� 64 302 199 85 114 103 16 12.3 18 12 30 26 21 366

Manufactured/Mobile Home Setup

Manufactured/mobile homes 8 705�� 733 7 972 6 919 5 419 1 500 1 053 147 8.9 158 65 352 332 419 8 705Set on permanent masonry foundation 1 552�� 116 1 436 1 323 1 085 238 113 6 2.5 33 8 43 23 123 1 552Resting on concrete pad 1 475�� 116 1 359 1 137 924 213 222 55 20.6 34 – 74 59 92 1 475Up on blocks, but not on concrete pad 5 138�� 332 4 805 4 195 3 218 977 611 69 6.6 75 52 189 226 169 5 138Setup in some other way 255�� 68 188 154 133 21 34 5 18.6 1 – 11 17 18 255Setup not reported 286�� 101 184 111 59 52 74 11 18.1 14 5 36 7 16 286

1For manufactured/mobile homes, oldest category is 1939 or earlier.2If occupied year�round, assumed to be suitable for year�round use.3Does not add up to total because not all populations reside in a place; see Appendix A.4Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.

2 American Housing Survey for the United States: 2007U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau

Table 1A�2. Height and Condition of Building�All Housing Units[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�



Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Total 128 203�� 4 402 123 801 110 692 75 647 35 045 13 109 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 7 188 8 705

Stories in Structure1

1 41 469�� 1 788 39 681 35 578 26 487 9 091 4 103 819 8.2 663 317 979 1 326 2 086 ...2 42 643�� 1 116 41 527 37 065 24 378 12 687 4 462 1 597 11.0 739 395 852 879 3 041 ...3 26 948�� 419 26 529 24 127 16 640 7 487 2 402 848 10.0 352 213 500 489 1 397 ...4 to 6 5 963�� 200 5 763 5 053 2 254 2 799 710 307 9.7 69 70 122 142 186 ...7 or more 2 474�� 145 2 329 1 951 469 1 482 378 135 8.3 37 20 133 53 59 ...

Stories Between Main and ApartmentEntrances

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 28 313�� 733 27 580 23 139 3 430 19 710 4 441 2 395 10.7 265 333 733 715 922 ...None (on same floor) 8 368�� 79 8 288 7 305 1 138 6 167 983 513 7.6 52 96 181 141 232 ...1 (up or down) 8 403�� 223 8 180 6 746 917 5 830 1 434 790 11.8 88 113 185 258 293 ...2 or more (up or down) 11 543�� 431 11 111 9 088 1 374 7 714 2 024 1 092 12.3 125 124 367 316 397 ...

Elevator on Floor

Multiunits, 2 or more floors 28 313�� 733 27 580 23 139 3 430 19 710 4 441 2 395 10.7 265 333 733 715 922 ...With 1 or more elevators working 5 272�� 296 4 975 4 240 1 009 3 231 735 336 9.3 84 48 175 92 242 ...With elevator, none in working condition 77�� – 77 33 5 29 43 14 33.1 2 – 4 23 10 ...No elevator 22 965�� 437 22 529 18 866 2 416 16 450 3 662 2 045 10.9 179 285 554 600 670 ...

Units, 3 or more floors from main entrance 1 973�� 78 1 894 1 514 148 1 366 380 201 12.6 16 25 67 71 52 ...

Foundation

1�unit building, excluding manufactured/mobile homes 87 541�� 2 861 84 680 77 517 66 554 10 963 7 163 1 041 8.6 1 577 672 1 771 2 102 5 753 ...

With basement under all of building 27 759�� 322 27 437 25 658 23 019 2 639 1 779 219 7.6 474 163 423 500 1 551 ...With basement under part of building 9 052�� 177 8 875 8 299 7 523 776 576 77 8.9 111 69 157 162 216 ...With crawl space 21 087�� 1 032 20 055 18 098 14 943 3 155 1 957 321 9.1 330 159 457 690 908 ...On concrete slab 28 052�� 1 003 27 050 24 400 20 226 4 174 2 649 390 8.5 635 257 684 684 3 038 ...Other 1 591�� 327 1 264 1 062 843 219 201 34 13.1 27 23 51 66 41 ...

External Building Conditions2

Sagging roof 2 736�� 246 2 490 1 861 1 313 548 629 85 13.2 64 34 75 371 25 500Missing roofing material 4 821�� 232 4 589 3 846 3 074 772 743 98 11.1 98 53 76 417 112 390Hole in roof 1 832�� 150 1 682 1 288 878 410 394 41 8.8 30 32 32 259 31 294Missing bricks, siding, or other outside wallmaterial 3 010�� 221 2 789 2 112 1 475 637 677 68 9.5 70 34 70 436 36 378

Sloping outside walls 1 809�� 190 1 619 1 173 739 434 447 60 11.9 28 12 53 294 28 316Boarded up windows 1 475�� 163 1 311 807 534 273 505 51 15.6 43 34 37 339 15 269Broken windows 3 848�� 166 3 683 2 948 2 033 915 735 103 10.0 57 54 82 439 61 659Bars on windows 3 228�� 43 3 184 3 031 2 421 610 153 47 7.1 16 13 27 50 35 66Foundation crumbling or has open crack or hole 2 717� 154 2 563 2 147 1 558 589 416 62 9.4 35 30 49 239 46 165None of the above 78 529�� 2 885 75 644 69 699 60 464 9 235 5 945 869 8.5 1 426 576 1 746 1 328 5 805 6 849Not reported 2 279�� 46 2 233 1 966 1 721 244 267 27 10.0 40 8 100 92 111 184

Site Placement

Manufactured/mobile homes 8 705�� 733 7 972 6 919 5 419 1 500 1 053 147 8.9 158 65 352 332 419 8 705First site 5 784�� 445 5 339 4 685 3 881 804 654 81 9.1 108 39 242 184 333 5 784Moved from another site 1 726�� 183 1 543 1 343 1 122 221 201 31 12.2 16 22 42 89 72 1 726Don’t know 759�� 103 656 466 198 269 189 34 11.2 34 3 59 59 3 759Not reported 437�� 2 434 425 219 206 9 – – – – 9 – 12 437

1Figures exclude manufactured/mobile homes.2Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit. Figures do not include multiunit structures.


Table 1A�3. Size of Unit and Lot�All Housing Units[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�

sonal Total Total Owner Renter TotalForrent


Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4 years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Total 128 203�� 4 402 123 801 110 692 75 647 35 045 13 109 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 7 188 8 705

Rooms

1 room 689�� 111 579 420 51 370 159 68 15.5 3 – 51 37 32 372 rooms 1 385�� 157 1 228 943 66 877 285 126 12.4 4 20 46 91 37 883 rooms 11 050�� 519 10 531 8 837 992 7 845 1 694 842 9.6 65 95 348 343 230 4044 rooms 23 290�� 1 440 21 850 18 330 6 666 11 664 3 520 1 281 9.8 316 244 783 896 714 2 8335 rooms 29 186�� 1 158 28 028 24 773 16 817 7 956 3 255 903 10.1 482 275 747 847 1 416 3 0546 rooms 27 146�� 497 26 648 24 362 20 392 3 970 2 286 417 9.3 485 219 527 638 1 638 1 5527 rooms 17 631�� 320 17 311 16 265 14 772 1 493 1 046 143 8.7 320 113 253 218 1 225 5518 rooms 10 342�� 99 10 243 9 754 9 212 542 489 54 8.9 184 55 104 93 923 1459 rooms 4 459�� 57 4 402 4 182 3 956 226 220 12 5.0 80 45 46 37 592 3210 rooms or more 3 024�� 44 2 981 2 827 2 724 103 154 6 5.6 79 14 33 22 381 10

Bedrooms

None 1 347�� 166 1 181 852 78 774 329 132 14.4 7 15 79 97 39 551 14 656�� 659 13 997 11 810 1 674 10 136 2 186 1 119 9.9 92 121 433 421 331 5362 34 507�� 1 778 32 729 27 956 13 656 14 299 4 773 1 618 10.1 520 354 1 061 1 220 1 169 3 5423 52 988�� 1 311 51 677 47 521 39 643 7 878 4 156 756 8.6 867 375 1 002 1 155 3 146 4 0394 or more 24 705�� 487 24 218 22 554 20 595 1 958 1 664 227 10.2 531 214 364 329 2 502 533

Complete Bathrooms

None 1 753�� 539 1 214 493 189 304 721 120 28.1 59 28 126 388 63 2791 47 694�� 1 801 45 893 39 771 16 268 23 503 6 122 2 456 9.4 468 413 1 171 1 615 595 2 9191 1/2 17 150�� 361 16 789 15 465 11 964 3 500 1 324 351 9.0 259 103 269 342 214 8092 or more 61 606�� 1 700 59 905 54 963 47 226 7 737 4 942 925 10.5 1 232 536 1 373 876 6 316 4 698

Square Footage of Unit

Single detached and manufactured/mobile homes 89 111�� 3 384 85 727 78 354 67 931 10 423 7 373 997 8.6 1 578 632 1 915 2 251 5 485 8 705

Less than 500 1 004�� 232 773 630 361 269 143 28 9.5 14 – 50 50 34 344500 to 749 2 725�� 510 2 215 1 821 1 108 712 394 61 7.9 50 24 119 141 27 973750 to 999 6 443�� 602 5 841 5 071 3 605 1 466 770 137 8.5 98 40 210 284 95 1 8301,000 to 1,499 20 725�� 711 20 015 18 169 14 864 3 305 1 845 279 7.7 338 147 457 625 570 2 6611,500 to 1,999 20 061�� 457 19 604 18 192 16 220 1 973 1 412 209 9.5 345 115 372 370 1 107 1 1382,000 to 2,499 13 960�� 260 13 700 12 870 11 957 914 830 95 9.3 252 64 226 193 1 137 2802,500 to 2,999 7 320�� 108 7 212 6 757 6 438 320 455 22 6.4 148 71 120 93 714 1033,000 to 3,999 6 845�� 103 6 742 6 300 6 028 271 442 28 9.3 137 70 94 112 820 474,000 or more 4 285�� 68 4 217 3 920 3 708 212 297 19 8.1 92 21 84 82 546 138Not reported (includes don’t know) 5 742�� 334 5 409 4 624 3 642 981 785 117 10.4 104 80 184 301 434 1 193Median 1 769�� 1 128 1 789 1 807 1 876 1 344 1 550 1 382 ... 1 843 1 783 1 541 1 400 2 304 1 115

Lot Size

1�unit structures1 93 208�� 3 388 89 820 82 031 69 921 12 110 7 789 1 146 8.5 1 629 689 1 963 2 361 5 760 8 563Less than 1/8 acre 13 614�� 585 13 028 11 397 8 779 2 618 1 631 331 11.1 310 151 359 481 797 2 2041/8 up to 1/4 acre 25 775�� 836 24 940 22 758 18 782 3 976 2 182 384 8.7 550 204 437 607 1 629 1 4861/4 up to 1/2 acre 17 703�� 477 17 226 16 053 14 077 1 975 1 174 131 6.2 291 113 297 341 1 078 6401/2 up to 1 acre 11 216�� 368 10 848 9 995 8 891 1 104 853 104 8.5 165 96 270 218 611 8781 up to 5 acres 17 713�� 696 17 017 15 670 13 783 1 886 1 348 148 7.2 232 92 418 459 1 125 2 3875 up to 10 acres 2 785�� 119 2 666 2 492 2 323 169 174 8 4.3 44 13 38 71 225 40110 acres or more 4 402�� 308 4 093 3 668 3 285 382 426 39 9.2 37 20 144 185 294 568Median .35�� .39 .35 .36 .38 .23 .27 .21 ... .24 .24 .41 .32 .36 .48

1Does not include cooperatives or condominiums.


Table 1A�4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing�All Housing Units[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�



Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4 years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Total 128 203�� 4 402 123 801 110 692 75 647 35 045 13 109 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 222 7 188 8 705

Equipment1

Lacking complete kitchen facilities 5 511�� 544 4 967 1 725 304 1 421 3 242 732 33.1 620 255 343 1 293 418 348With complete kitchen (sink, refrigerator, andoven or burners) 122 692�� 3 857 118 835 108 967 75 343 33 624 9 867 3 121 8.4 1 397 825 2 596 1 929 6 770 8 358

Kitchen sink 126 830�� 4 192 122 639 110 339 75 518 34 821 12 300 3 719 9.5 1 940 1 027 2 822 2 792 7 098 8 603Refrigerator 124 647�� 3 982 120 665 110 455 75 543 34 912 10 210 3 267 8.5 1 419 844 2 667 2 013 6 818 8 390Cooking stove or range 124 885�� 3 979 120 905 109 977 75 415 34 562 10 928 3 385 8.8 1 722 933 2 694 2 194 6 983 8 366Burners, no stove or range 213�� 11 201 154 68 86 47 35 29.1 2 – 3 6 6 23Microwave oven only 497�� 22 475 389 123 266 85 22 7.4 13 4 27 20 34 41Dishwasher 79 186�� 1 949 77 237 70 830 55 681 15 149 6 407 1 705 10.0 1 359 638 1 683 1 021 6 625 3 736Washing machine 98 687�� 2 324 96 363 91 364 72 897 18 467 4 999 861 4.4 846 402 1 811 1 078 6 298 7 143Clothes dryer 95 638�� 2 240 93 398 88 506 71 443 17 063 4 892 850 4.7 834 403 1 756 1 049 6 252 6 887Disposal in kitchen sink 61 798�� 1 393 60 405 55 026 39 619 15 406 5 380 1 653 9.6 1 127 547 1 261 791 5 386 1 328Trash compactor 4 619�� 187 4 432 4 018 3 369 648 415 103 13.4 102 34 100 76 451 82

Air conditioning:2Central 79 565�� 1 986 77 579 70 397 53 276 17 121 7 182 2 090 10.8 1 434 664 1 700 1 294 6 435 5 292

Additional central 5 678�� 162 5 516 5 095 4 342 753 420 94 10.9 100 46 88 93 767 3171 room unit 13 922�� 420 13 502 12 416 5 705 6 711 1 086 416 5.8 59 52 241 318 169 1 0542 room units 8 446�� 116 8 330 7 888 4 668 3 220 442 120 3.6 40 28 136 117 56 7543 room units or more 5 069�� 53 5 016 4 887 3 565 1 322 129 34 2.5 13 9 42 31 22 292

Safety Equipment1

Working smoke detectorYes 112 984�� 2 601 110 383 102 249 70 431 31 817 8 134 2 903 8.3 1 358 770 1 946 1 157 6 821 6 856

Powered by:Electricity 10 361�� 289 10 072 9 115 6 087 3 028 957 341 10.0 173 107 190 147 720 927Batteries 73 238�� 1 371 71 868 67 497 44 426 23 072 4 371 1 675 6.7 605 320 1 087 684 2 328 4 038Both 27 379�� 831 26 548 24 212 19 310 4 903 2 335 816 13.9 421 302 554 243 3 575 1 805Not reported 2 005�� 109 1 896 1 424 609 815 472 72 8.0 160 41 116 83 199 85

No 10 214�� 854 9 360 7 017 4 203 2 815 2 343 499 14.9 264 137 365 1 077 180 1 236Not reported 5 005�� 947 4 058 1 426 1 013 413 2 632 450 51.3 395 172 627 988 187 613

Batteries replaced in last 6 months3Yes 74 021�� 1 309 72 712 68 317 48 299 20 018 4 395 1 806 8.2 605 452 1 005 528 3 958 4 293No 22 634�� 476 22 158 20 894 14 170 6 724 1 264 332 4.7 255 75 347 255 1 734 1 302Not reported 3 962�� 417 3 545 2 499 1 266 1 232 1 046 353 21.6 165 95 289 144 210 248

Fire extinguisher purchased or recharged in thelast 2 years 48 270�� – 48 270 48 270 37 215 11 055 – – – – – – – 2 827 2 998

Sprinkler system inside home 5 479�� 314 5 165 4 288 1 766 2 523 876 416 13.9 92 97 188 83 936 66Working carbon monoxide detector 38 484�� 595 37 889 36 076 28 325 7 751 1 812 603 7.1 281 209 488 231 2 365 1 392

Main Heating Equipment

Warm�air furnace 78 624�� 1 842 76 782 69 582 50 952 18 630 7 200 2 205 10.5 1 307 665 1 436 1 587 5 006 6 332Steam or hot water system 13 878�� 104 13 774 12 760 7 520 5 240 1 014 413 7.2 121 86 245 148 178 22Electric heat pump 15 348�� 729 14 619 12 996 9 562 3 434 1 623 477 12.1 308 114 460 265 1 626 1 185Built�in electric units 5 735�� 342 5 393 4 802 2 147 2 656 591 185 6.4 48 67 173 118 101 108Floor, wall, or other built�in hot�air units withoutducts 5 597�� 128 5 469 4 994 2 055 2 940 475 185 5.9 45 28 115 102 125 196

Room heaters with flue 1 350�� 78 1 272 1 135 676 459 137 29 6.0 15 – 40 52 16 84Room heaters without flue 1 403�� 68 1 335 1 188 746 442 147 36 7.5 8 3 27 73 – 120Portable electric heaters 1 180�� 73 1 107 1 036 447 589 71 15 2.5 – 12 14 30 8 188Stoves 1 240�� 209 1 031 945 793 152 86 7 4.2 2 7 23 48 10 100Fireplaces with inserts 198�� 28 170 165 145 19 5 – – – – 3 2 13 2Fireplaces without inserts 81�� 18 63 51 43 8 12 1 13.5 – 2 5 3 – 11Other 780�� 117 663 458 281 177 204 54 23.0 24 8 53 66 39 63Cooking stove 108�� – 108 101 35 66 7 3 4.9 – – – 3 – 9None 2 679�� 665 2 014 478 244 234 1 537 242 49.5 139 88 344 723 66 286

Other Heating Equipment1

Warm�air furnace 469�� 4 464 455 407 49 9 1 2.0 2 – 5 1 6 34Steam or hot water system 72�� 4 68 66 58 8 2 – – – – 2 – – –Electric heat pump 140�� – 140 134 126 8 6 1 10.4 – 2 2 1 14 4Built�in electric units 1 521�� 35 1 486 1 386 1 112 274 100 15 5.2 8 6 52 19 34 60Floor, wall, or other built�in hot�air units withoutducts 75�� – 75 71 53 18 4 – – – – 4 – 2 –

Room heaters with flue 677�� 8 669 644 548 96 25 – – 6 – 10 9 14 36Room heaters without flue 1 249�� 20 1 229 1 213 1 029 184 16 1 .8 7 1 6 – 23 207Portable electric heaters 5 780�� 19 5 762 5 689 3 980 1 709 72 9 .5 4 3 40 15 208 373Stoves 2 456�� 82 2 374 2 262 2 119 143 113 11 7.0 14 9 62 16 53 118Fireplaces with inserts 5 088�� 87 5 001 4 755 4 363 392 246 16 3.8 61 29 119 22 567 268Fireplaces without inserts 5 844�� 131 5 713 5 308 4 577 730 405 95 11.3 120 37 79 73 495 149Other 785�� 28 757 727 643 84 30 3 3.9 5 – 21 1 50 31Cooking stove 56�� – 56 53 37 16 2 – – 2 – – – 5 3None 101 919�� 3 134 98 785 88 739 57 636 31 104 10 045 3 383 9.7 1 569 877 2 078 2 139 5 672 7 037

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities 125 439�� 3 843 121 596 109 433 75 101 34 332 12 162 3 690 9.6 1 941 1 039 2 800 2 692 7 123 8 369Lacking some or all plumbing facilities1 2 764�� 559 2 206 1 259 546 712 947 162 18.3 77 40 138 529 65 336

No hot piped water 1 365�� 462 903 169 77 92 734 79 45.4 59 30 91 475 27 258No bathtub and no shower 885�� 320 565 179 77 102 386 70 40.7 24 7 49 236 30 63No flush toilet 826�� 314 512 132 52 80 380 53 39.8 30 7 59 231 34 90No exclusive use 1 203�� 33 1 170 1 031 443 589 138 58 8.8 12 10 26 32 20 70

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company 111 727�� 2 953 108 774 97 054 63 571 33 482 11 720 3 747 9.9 1 802 1 018 2 435 2 718 6 317 6 295Well serving 1 to 5 units 15 623�� 1 135 14 488 13 249 11 752 1 497 1 239 103 6.4 202 51 447 436 846 2 184

Drilled 13 708�� 867 12 840 11 911 10 671 1 240 930 82 6.2 154 40 348 305 748 1 864Dug 1 107�� 109 998 884 778 106 114 3 2.6 20 6 43 43 39 172Not reported 808�� 158 650 455 304 151 195 19 10.8 28 5 56 88 60 148

Other 854�� 314 539 389 323 66 150 2 3.2 13 11 56 68 24 226


Table 1A�4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing�All Housing Units�Con.[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�



Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4 years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources4 128 114�� 4 364 123 750 110 647 75 618 35 029 13 103 3 852 9.8 2 017 1 080 2 938 3 215 7 185 8 689Safe to drink 115 714�� 3 710 112 003 100 613 70 061 30 552 11 391 3 556 10.3 1 778 996 2 492 2 570 6 505 7 540Not safe to drink 9 664�� 255 9 409 8 868 4 870 3 998 541 134 3.2 60 25 138 184 484 816Safety not reported 2 736�� 398 2 337 1 167 688 479 1 171 163 25.1 179 59 308 462 196 333

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer 101 760�� 2 333 99 427 88 723 56 238 32 485 10 704 3 639 10.0 1 638 927 2 122 2 378 5 621 4 272Septic tank, cesspool, or chemical toilet 26 121�� 1 841 24 281 21 927 19 382 2 546 2 353 207 7.5 375 152 801 818 1 560 4 404Other 321�� 228 94 42 28 14 52 6 30.3 4 – 16 26 7 30

1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.2Includes only those who responded they had some type of air conditioning.3Restricted to units with smoke detector powered by both electricity and batteries, or batteries only.4Excludes units where primary source of drinking water is commercial bottled water.


Table 1A�5. Fuels�All Housing Units[Numbers in thousands. Weighting consistent with Census 2000. ... means not applicable or sample too small; – means zero or rounds to zero]

Characteristics

Year�round

Occupied Vacant

Totalhousing

unitsSea�



Forsaleonly

Rent�ed orsold

Occa�sional

use/URE

Othervacant

Newcon�

struc�tion

4 years

Manu�fac�

tured/mobilehomes

Total 128 203�� 4 402 123 801 110 692 75 647 3