american history. why did the usa and britain get into a war so soon after the revolutionary war? ...
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CH. 6-4 WAR OF 1812AMERICAN HISTORY
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Why did the USA and Britain get into a war so soon after the Revolutionary War?
Unresolved tensions about the Northwest Frontier and problems on the seas
1803—USA caught in the middle of British trade disagreements
Napoleonic Wars between France and Britain involve American merchant ships
France and England ignore American neutrality
VIOLATING NEUTRALITY
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Americans saw Britain as a more serious threat
IMPRESSMENT—men kidnapped and forced to work on ships
Chesapeake Incident British ship Leopard stopped the US ship
Chesapeake to search for deserters Chesapeake refused to be searched so they
were fired upon Britain seized 4 American sailors
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Americans were furious President Jefferson and Congress passed a drastic law The Embargo Act—Prohibited exports to foreign
countries Disastrous to the economy Goods piled up in warehouses, ships sat in the harbor,
people lost their jobs, businesses failed 1808 Presidential election—Madison, Jefferson’s ally,
wins easily A new law re-opens all trade except with Britain and
France Conflicts over commerce were pushing the nation
toward war
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On-going conflict between settlers and Native Americans
Britain tried to re-build their relationship with Native Americans
NEW POLICIES William Henry Harrison named governor of the
Indiana Territory President Jefferson’s Native American Policy Native Americans could either choose to become
farmers or join white society and move west of the Mississippi River
TECUMSEH RESISTS SETTLERS
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As Harrison implemented the policy, Native Americans made treaties in which they lost millions of acres of tribal lands in MI, IN, IL
NEW INDIAN LEADERS Two Shawnee brothers emerge as leaders Tenskwatawa (the prophet)—spoke against
white culture Tecumseh (shooting star)—1809-began to
unite his brother’s followers
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1811—While Tecumseh was away, Harrison’s forces attacked. Both sides had heavy losses
Prophetstown, IN burns Conflict called The Battle of Tippecanoe.
Harrison was a national hero
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Some American politicians had been calling for war – WARHAWKS
Less concerned about world affairs They hated Britain and even hoped for a conquest of
Canada
WAR IS DECLARED Henry Clay (a leading warhawk) became Speaker of
the House 1811 Congress pressured President Madison to send a war
declaration Congress declared war on Great Britain in June 1812
THE WAR OF 1812 BEGINS
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The War of 1812 was fought on land and sea, from Canada to Louisiana
Much of the war took place along the US-Canadian border
British also staged a massive blockade of the American coast and New Orleans
GAINS AND LOSSES American navy was several victories August 1812—USS Constitution sank the British ship
Guerriere Gunfire bounced off the oak hull of the Constitution
earning it the nickname Old Ironsides
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Americans make several unsuccessful attempts to invade Canada
Tecumseh joins the British to capture Detroit and invade Ohio
October 1813—Battle of the Thames (Ontario, CN), Tecumseh is killed
Native Americans suffer another tragic loss in Battle of Horseshoe Bend
TN militia leader Andrew Jackson massacred Creek Indian women, children, and warriors
He seized the fort at Pensacola, FL
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A successful British tactic was to make quick strikes against coastal cities
August 1814—British navy sails into Chesapeake Bay. Soldiers march into Washington
Several major buildings are burned British bombard Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD) Francis Scott Key observes the battle Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” British forces land near New Orleans in
December 1814
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Andrew Jackson beats the British to New Orleans January 1815—Battle of New Orleans made
Jackson a hero
TREATY OF GHENT 1814-diplomats meet in Ghent, Belgium to
create a peace treaty (signed in December) Both sides eager for peace No territory changed hands America had proved itself as a nation. THE END