America Struggles With America Struggles With Neutrality…AgainNeutrality…Again

Journal #111Journal #111

• Why did the United States open Why did the United States open relations with Russia in 1933?relations with Russia in 1933?

US Shakes Hands with the US Shakes Hands with the SovietsSoviets

• (Since 1917, the US refused to (Since 1917, the US refused to recognize the Soviet gov’trecognize the Soviet gov’t– Refused to pay loans made to Russian Refused to pay loans made to Russian

monarchy & taken over American monarchy & taken over American propertyproperty

• FDR sent ambassadors to USSR FDR sent ambassadors to USSR could now study it from w/incould now study it from w/in

• USSR now open for Am exports)USSR now open for Am exports)

Reciprocal Trade AgreementReciprocal Trade Agreement

• Passed in 1934Passed in 1934

• Gave president power to make Gave president power to make agreements with countries to reduce agreements with countries to reduce tariffs (close to 50%)tariffs (close to 50%)

• Trade increased, nations became Trade increased, nations became more friendly towards USmore friendly towards US

Good Neighbor PolicyGood Neighbor Policy• ContinuationContinuation

• 1933 Pan-American conference in 1933 Pan-American conference in UruguayUruguay– US promised to end all military US promised to end all military

action in Latin Americaaction in Latin America

• 1934: abolished Platt Agreement 1934: abolished Platt Agreement but kept base at Guantanamo but kept base at Guantanamo BayBay

More IsolationismMore Isolationism

• (1930s, Girl Scouts of America (1930s, Girl Scouts of America changed uniforms to khaki to appear changed uniforms to khaki to appear less militaristicless militaristic

• Campaigns to stop selling toy Campaigns to stop selling toy soldierssoldiers– promoted militarismpromoted militarism

• Tried to abolish Memorial Day) Tried to abolish Memorial Day)

Nye CommitteeNye Committee

• Set up to research why US entered Set up to research why US entered WWIWWI– (What changed Wilson’s mind)(What changed Wilson’s mind)

• Report suggested US went to war for Report suggested US went to war for profit for munitions and bankingprofit for munitions and banking

• (To avoid another war, US had to (To avoid another war, US had to avoid financial agreements & keep avoid financial agreements & keep ships and people at home)ships and people at home)

Neutrality ActsNeutrality Acts

• (After Italian invasion of Ethiopia)(After Italian invasion of Ethiopia)

• Stated that if a state of war existed, Stated that if a state of war existed, the US couldn’t ship or sell arms to the US couldn’t ship or sell arms to countries that were fightingcountries that were fighting

• (Second Acts prohibited the loans (Second Acts prohibited the loans and credit)and credit)

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

• Francisco Franco attacked Spanish Francisco Franco attacked Spanish republican gov’trepublican gov’t

• (Hitler & Mussolini gave full aid to Franco(Hitler & Mussolini gave full aid to Franco– Dress rehearsal for their armies)Dress rehearsal for their armies)

• (Group in the US formed the Abraham (Group in the US formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (1,000 volunteers) to Lincoln Brigade (1,000 volunteers) to fight against Franco)fight against Franco)– (Young Communist League and Wobblies)(Young Communist League and Wobblies)

Guernica – Pablo Picasso

http://bp3.blogger.com/_CftboqX7P-0/RnloMmzamMI/AAAAAAAAAXI/IHsMMfWwr-A/s320/bombing.jpg

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

• (Brutal and very (Brutal and very violentviolent

• It has been It has been calculated that the calculated that the Nationalist Army Nationalist Army executed 75,000executed 75,000

• 10% of all soldiers 10% of all soldiers who fought in the who fought in the war were killed.) war were killed.)

• (After the war it is (After the war it is believed that the believed that the government of General government of General Francisco Franco Francisco Franco arranged the arranged the executions of 100,000 executions of 100,000 Republican prisoners. It Republican prisoners. It is estimated that is estimated that another 35,000 another 35,000 Republicans died in Republicans died in concentration camps in concentration camps in the years that followed the years that followed the war.)the war.)

Roosevelt Challenges Roosevelt Challenges IsolationIsolation• 44thth Neutrality Act – US could now sell Neutrality Act – US could now sell

goods to nations at war, paid for up goods to nations at war, paid for up front, but not weaponsfront, but not weapons

• FDR was not an isolationist, (but FDR was not an isolationist, (but didn’t want to come across as a didn’t want to come across as a warmonger)warmonger)

• Japan invaded China, (soon Japan invaded China, (soon controlled most of the sea)controlled most of the sea)– US started sending weapons to China US started sending weapons to China

Quarantine SpeechQuarantine Speech

• (10/5/1932)(10/5/1932)

• Warned of actions of Japan, Italy and Warned of actions of Japan, Italy and GermanyGermany

• Said that the US should get together Said that the US should get together with other democracies and isolate with other democracies and isolate the aggressorsthe aggressors

• (Accused of trying to get US involved (Accused of trying to get US involved in another war)in another war)

PanayPanay Incident Incident

• (12/12/1937)(12/12/1937)• US boat in China (Yangtze River) and US boat in China (Yangtze River) and

3 oil tankers attacked by Japanese3 oil tankers attacked by Japanese• Japanese authorities apologized and Japanese authorities apologized and

offered to pay for damagesoffered to pay for damages– US accepted US accepted

• (Public favored leaving China and (Public favored leaving China and avoiding another war)avoiding another war)

Meanwhile…Meanwhile…

• (Things heating up in Europe(Things heating up in Europe

• Hitler decides he must help the Hitler decides he must help the Germans living in Austria…)Germans living in Austria…)