America Moves to the City US Population doubled between 1870 & million Americans, 40% living in cities New York, Philadelphia, Chicago all had over 1 million inhabitants Skyscrapers, mass transit, tenements, high immigration, especially from E. and S. Europe Jane Addams Founder of Hull House Winner of Nobel Peace Prize Carrie Nation Kansas Cyclone Frances Willard WCTU Led White Ribbon Army for 20 years Most powerful female leader of her generation Victoria Woodhull Ran for president, 1872 Published weekly scandal sheet Accused Henry Ward Beecher of adultery Opened brokerage firm on Wall St. Published first English translation of the Communist Manifesto in US Married 3 times Was prosecuted for sending obscenity through the mail under the Comstock law Won case in court Mary Baker Eddy Founder of Christian Science Opposed modern medicine Believed prayer cures sickness The Loop in downtown Chicago Building the New York subway system Central Park, New York City Liberty Enlightening the World Dedicated 1886 Sculpted by Frederic Bartholdi with help from Gustave Eiffel Ellis Island, New York harbor Rebuilding Chicago after the Great Fire of 1871 L.Sullivan Louis Sullivan Chicago Architect Form Follows Function Flat Iron Building First Department StoreMacys Industrial Age brought new jobs for women: Secretaries Department store clerks Bookkeepers Telephone operators Richard Sears First Mail-order Millionaire Clara Barton founded the Red Cross in 1881 Carrie Chapman Catt National American Womens Suffrage Association Emma Goldman Anarchist agitator and propagandist Big Bill Haywood Mother Jones Most popular cultural fad of 1890s The Gibson Girl Dwight L. Moody Former Chicago shoe salesman Fundamentalist evangelical preacher Founder of Moody Bible Institute Stephen Crane Realism Naturalism The Red Badge of Courage The Open Boat Edward Bellamy Looking Backward, a futuristic utopian novel Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism Survival of the fittest Horatio Alger wrote many rags to riches stories, especially targeting young male readers Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie An American Tragedy Biglen Brothers Racing Breezin Up Andrew Carnegie, millionaire industrialist and philanthropist Cornelius Vanderbilt The Commodore Vanderbilt Mansion Newport, RI John D. Rockefeller Junius Pierpont Morgan Thomas Edison Booker T. Washington Founder of Tuskegee Institute W.E.B. DuBois Co-founder of NAACP PhD from Harvard Wrote The Souls of Black Folk Ida Wells Barnett