AMERICA IN VIETNAMAMERICA IN VIETNAM

CHAPTER 30, SECTION 1CHAPTER 30, SECTION 1

IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS

HO CHI MINHHO CHI MINH VIETMINHVIETMINH DOMINO THEORYDOMINO THEORY DIEN BIEN PHUDIEN BIEN PHU GENEVA ACCORDSGENEVA ACCORDS NGO DINH DIEMNGO DINH DIEM VIETCONGVIETCONG HO CHI MINH TRAILHO CHI MINH TRAIL TONKIN GULF RESOLUTIONTONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES 1941: JAPAN CONQUERS INDOCHINA1941: JAPAN CONQUERS INDOCHINA 1946: FRANCE RETAKES INDOCHINA1946: FRANCE RETAKES INDOCHINA MAY, 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHUMAY, 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU JULY, 1954: JULY, 1954:

THE GENEVA ACCORDSTHE GENEVA ACCORDS VIETNAM DIVIDED INTO NORTH & SOUTHVIETNAM DIVIDED INTO NORTH & SOUTH

1957: VIETCONG BEGIN OPERATIONS1957: VIETCONG BEGIN OPERATIONS 1963: DIEM ASSASSINATED1963: DIEM ASSASSINATED AUGUST, 1964:AUGUST, 1964:

THE TONKIN GULF INCIDENTTHE TONKIN GULF INCIDENT THE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTIONTHE TONKIN GULF RESOLUTION

1965: OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER 1965: OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER

FRENCH INDOCHINAFRENCH INDOCHINA

BACKGROUND:BACKGROUND: WHERE? VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOSWHERE? VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, LAOS WHEN? MID-1800’SWHEN? MID-1800’S WHY? NATURAL RESOURCES FOR WHY? NATURAL RESOURCES FOR

INDUSTRIALIZATION & ECONOMIC EXPANSIONINDUSTRIALIZATION & ECONOMIC EXPANSION RUBBERRUBBER RICERICE LARGE LABOR FORCELARGE LABOR FORCE

EFFECT?EFFECT? VIETNAMESE RESENT FOREIGN RULEVIETNAMESE RESENT FOREIGN RULE 1930’s & 40’s: NATIONALIST OPPOSITION GROUPS 1930’s & 40’s: NATIONALIST OPPOSITION GROUPS

BEGINBEGIN

WW IIWW II 1941: JAPAN INVADES / OCCUPIES INDOCHINA1941: JAPAN INVADES / OCCUPIES INDOCHINA

WHY? JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES & MILITARY WHY? JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES & MILITARY BASESBASES

NEW OPPOSITION GROUP APPEARS: NEW OPPOSITION GROUP APPEARS: VIETMINHVIETMINH

VIETMINH:VIETMINH: ORIGINALLY A NATIONALIST GROUPORIGINALLY A NATIONALIST GROUP FOUNDED BY HO CHI MINHFOUNDED BY HO CHI MINH GOALS:GOALS:

AN INDEPENDENT, SOVEREIGN VIETNAMAN INDEPENDENT, SOVEREIGN VIETNAM FREEDOM FROM ANY FOREIGN RULE FREEDOM FROM ANY FOREIGN RULE

(ESPECIALLY CHINESE)(ESPECIALLY CHINESE) Q: Q: WHY SO CONCERNED ABOUT CHINAWHY SO CONCERNED ABOUT CHINA??

FIRST OBJECTIVE: DRIVE OUT THE FRENCHFIRST OBJECTIVE: DRIVE OUT THE FRENCH

POST – WW II ASIAPOST – WW II ASIA

CURRENT-DAYCURRENT-DAYINDOCHINAINDOCHINA

CURRENT-DAYCURRENT-DAYSOUTHEAST ASIASOUTHEAST ASIA

FRANCE LOSES INDOCHINAFRANCE LOSES INDOCHINA 1946: FRENCH BEGIN OFFENSIVE AGAINST 1946: FRENCH BEGIN OFFENSIVE AGAINST

VIETMINHVIETMINH VIETMINH ASK U.S. FOR HELP / SUPPORTVIETMINH ASK U.S. FOR HELP / SUPPORT EISENHOWER REFUSES; WHY?EISENHOWER REFUSES; WHY?

U.S. IS CONCERNED ABOUT SOVIET EXPANSION U.S. IS CONCERNED ABOUT SOVIET EXPANSION IN W. EUROPE & ASIA (IN W. EUROPE & ASIA (CONTAINMENTCONTAINMENT))

U.S. NEEDS TO MAKE SURE W. EUROPE & ASIA U.S. NEEDS TO MAKE SURE W. EUROPE & ASIA CAN RESIST SOVIET EXPANSIONCAN RESIST SOVIET EXPANSION

THIS MEANS THOSE AREAS NEED TO HAVE THIS MEANS THOSE AREAS NEED TO HAVE STABLE ECONOMIES & STABLE GOVERNMENTSSTABLE ECONOMIES & STABLE GOVERNMENTS

SO…U.S. HAS TO SUPPORT FRENCH ECONOMYSO…U.S. HAS TO SUPPORT FRENCH ECONOMY HOW? SUPPORT THEIR COLONIAL CLAIMSHOW? SUPPORT THEIR COLONIAL CLAIMS

““THE DOMINO THEORY”THE DOMINO THEORY”

FRANCE LOSES INDOCHINAFRANCE LOSES INDOCHINA IF FRENCH COLONIES CAN HELP REBUILD FRENCH ECONOMY, IF FRENCH COLONIES CAN HELP REBUILD FRENCH ECONOMY,

FRANCE WILL BE STABLEFRANCE WILL BE STABLE HELP HOW? HELP HOW?

RESOURCESRESOURCES MARKETS FOR GOODS FROM OTHER NATIONSMARKETS FOR GOODS FROM OTHER NATIONS EXAMPLE: JAPANEXAMPLE: JAPAN

EISENHOWER INTRODUCES EISENHOWER INTRODUCES “DOMINO THEORY”“DOMINO THEORY”: Define, p. : Define, p. 885885

DOMINO THEORY BECOMES REASON FOR U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN DOMINO THEORY BECOMES REASON FOR U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN INDOCHINAINDOCHINA

PROBLEM:PROBLEM: VIETMINH GAIN STRENGTH VIETMINH GAIN STRENGTH GOOD LEADERSHIP – GOOD LEADERSHIP – VO NGUYEN GIAPVO NGUYEN GIAP – VIET MINH COMMANDER – VIET MINH COMMANDER

1954: BATTLE OF 1954: BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU FRENCH ARMY DEVESTATEDFRENCH ARMY DEVESTATED FRENCH AGREE TO PEACE TALKSFRENCH AGREE TO PEACE TALKS

1954: GENEVA ACCORDS SIGNED:1954: GENEVA ACCORDS SIGNED: VIETNAM DIVIDED ALONG 17VIETNAM DIVIDED ALONG 17thth PARALLEL PARALLEL NORTH IS COMMUNIST (HO CHI MINH) / SOUTH IS NATIONALIST NORTH IS COMMUNIST (HO CHI MINH) / SOUTH IS NATIONALIST

(DIEM)(DIEM) 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTION 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTION WILL BE HELDWILL BE HELD

SO WHAT? FRENCH COLONIAL RULE ENDS / VIETNAM IS SO WHAT? FRENCH COLONIAL RULE ENDS / VIETNAM IS DIVIDED & INDEPENDENTDIVIDED & INDEPENDENT

Dien Bien PhuDien Bien Phu

& French Indochina,& French Indochina,

19541954

Dien Bien Phu Dien Bien Phu

Valley, VietnamValley, Vietnam

19541954

French Army French Army

Positions & Dispersal,Positions & Dispersal,

Dien Bien Phu, 1954Dien Bien Phu, 1954

Dien Bien Phu Dien Bien Phu

French Army Funeral, Dien Bien PhuFrench Army Funeral, Dien Bien Phu

FRENCH TROOPS IN SLIT TRENCH, DIEN BIEN PHUFRENCH TROOPS IN SLIT TRENCH, DIEN BIEN PHU

VIETMINH SOLDIERS IN VIETMINH SOLDIERS IN ASSAULT TRENCHES ASSAULT TRENCHES

PREPARE FOR ATTACK ON PREPARE FOR ATTACK ON FRENCH POSITIONS,FRENCH POSITIONS,DIEN BIEN PHU, 1954DIEN BIEN PHU, 1954

Vietminh Victory, Dien Bien PhuVietminh Victory, Dien Bien Phu

FRENCH PRISONERS ON MARCH TO CAPTIVITY, DIEN BIEN PHU,1954FRENCH PRISONERS ON MARCH TO CAPTIVITY, DIEN BIEN PHU,1954

VIETMINH VICTORY VIETMINH VICTORY POSTER, 1954POSTER, 1954

AMERICA MOVES INAMERICA MOVES IN 1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTIONS SCHEDULED1956: NATION-WIDE ELECTIONS SCHEDULED DIEM & EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION DIEM & EISENHOWER ADMINISTRATION

CONCERNEDCONCERNED WHY? AFRAID COMMUNISTS MIGHT WINWHY? AFRAID COMMUNISTS MIGHT WIN DIEM CANCELS ELECTIONS: U.S. SUPPORTS DIEMDIEM CANCELS ELECTIONS: U.S. SUPPORTS DIEM

PROBLEM: DIEM ‘S REGIME IS CORRUPTPROBLEM: DIEM ‘S REGIME IS CORRUPT DIEM ALIENATES MANY VIETNAMESEDIEM ALIENATES MANY VIETNAMESE

WHY?WHY? DEVOUT CATHOLIC – OPPRESSES BUDDHIST MAJORITYDEVOUT CATHOLIC – OPPRESSES BUDDHIST MAJORITY NO POLITICAL OPPOSITION IS ALLOWEDNO POLITICAL OPPOSITION IS ALLOWED RESULT? HE IS A DICTATORRESULT? HE IS A DICTATOR

RESULT? RESULT? 1957: VIETCONG (NLF) BEGINS OPERATIONS1957: VIETCONG (NLF) BEGINS OPERATIONS DIEM GOV’T. CAN’T HANDLE IT ; BECOMES UNSTABLEDIEM GOV’T. CAN’T HANDLE IT ; BECOMES UNSTABLE

SO WHAT?SO WHAT? U.S. BEGINS TO SEND MILITARY AID & U.S. BEGINS TO SEND MILITARY AID & “ADVISORS”“ADVISORS” TO TO

V-NAMV-NAM U.S. SPECIAL FORCESU.S. SPECIAL FORCES ARE HEAVILY INVOLVED ARE HEAVILY INVOLVED

VIETNAM AND FRENCH VIETNAM AND FRENCH INDOCHINA AFTER THE INDOCHINA AFTER THE

GENEVA ACCORDSGENEVA ACCORDS

Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Ngo Dinh DiemDiem

HO CHI MINHHO CHI MINH

On On Time Time CoverCover

AMERICA MOVES INAMERICA MOVES IN

SOUTH VIETNAM GROWS MORE UNSTABLE SOUTH VIETNAM GROWS MORE UNSTABLE VC ATTACKSVC ATTACKS PROTESTS, STRIKES, ETC.PROTESTS, STRIKES, ETC.

JFK ADMINISTRATION CONCERNEDJFK ADMINISTRATION CONCERNED NOV., 1963NOV., 1963::

JFK IS LIKELY AWARE OF DIEM ASSASSINATION JFK IS LIKELY AWARE OF DIEM ASSASSINATION PLANPLAN

JFK ADMINISTRATION DOESN’T TRY TO STOP ITJFK ADMINISTRATION DOESN’T TRY TO STOP IT PROBLEM? INSTABILITY WORSENSPROBLEM? INSTABILITY WORSENS STRING OF U.S. – SUPPORTED MILITARY STRING OF U.S. – SUPPORTED MILITARY

DICTATORS DICTATORS COMMUNISTS GAIN CONFIDENCECOMMUNISTS GAIN CONFIDENCE

AMERICA COMMITSAMERICA COMMITS AUGUST 4, 1964: TONKIN GULF INCIDENT: AUGUST 4, 1964: TONKIN GULF INCIDENT:

EXPLAINEXPLAIN AUGUST 7, 1964: THE TONKIN GULF AUGUST 7, 1964: THE TONKIN GULF

RESOLUTION: EXPLAINRESOLUTION: EXPLAIN FEBRUARY, 1965:FEBRUARY, 1965:

VC ATTACKS KILL U.S. SERVICEMENVC ATTACKS KILL U.S. SERVICEMEN LBJ ORDERS BOMBING OF N. VIETNAM LBJ ORDERS BOMBING OF N. VIETNAM

TARGETSTARGETS OPERATION ROLLING THUNDEROPERATION ROLLING THUNDER BEGINS BEGINS DEFINE: LARGE-SCALE AERIAL BOMBING OF DEFINE: LARGE-SCALE AERIAL BOMBING OF

N.V-NAMN.V-NAM MARCH, 1965: U.S. SENDS COMBAT MARCH, 1965: U.S. SENDS COMBAT

TROOPS TO VIETNAMTROOPS TO VIETNAM

LBJ’s TONKIN GULF LBJ’s TONKIN GULF TELEVISIONTELEVISIONADDRESS,ADDRESS,

AUGUST 4, 1964AUGUST 4, 1964

ROBERT McNAMARA, SECRETARY OF DEFENSEROBERT McNAMARA, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

The Gulf of TonkinThe Gulf of Tonkin

and Vietnam, 1964and Vietnam, 1964